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Rodrigues DC, Mufteev M, Ellis J. Regulation, diversity and function of MECP2 exon and 3'UTR isoforms. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R89-R99. [PMID: 32681172 PMCID: PMC7530521 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) is a critical global regulator of gene expression. Mutations in MECP2 cause neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett syndrome (RTT). MECP2 exon 2 is spliced into two alternative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) isoforms encoding MECP2-E1 or MECP2-E2 protein isoforms that differ in their N-termini. MECP2-E2, isolated first, was used to define the general roles of MECP2 in methyl-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding, targeting of transcriptional regulatory complexes, and its disease-causing impact in RTT. It was later found that MECP2-E1 is the most abundant isoform in the brain and its exon 1 is also mutated in RTT. MECP2 transcripts undergo alternative polyadenylation generating mRNAs with four possible 3'untranslated region (UTR) lengths ranging from 130 to 8600 nt. Together, the exon and 3'UTR isoforms display remarkable abundance disparity across cell types and tissues during development. These findings indicate discrete means of regulation and suggest that protein isoforms perform non-overlapping roles. Multiple regulatory programs have been explored to explain these disparities. DNA methylation patterns of the MECP2 promoter and first intron impact MECP2-E1 and E2 isoform levels. Networks of microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins also post-transcriptionally regulate the stability and translation efficiency of MECP2 3'UTR isoforms. Finally, distinctions in biophysical properties in the N-termini between MECP2-E1 and E2 lead to variable protein stabilities and DNA binding dynamics. This review describes the steps taken from the discovery of MECP2, the description of its key functions, and its association with RTT, to the emergence of evidence revealing how MECP2 isoforms are differentially regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Marat Mufteev
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Rodrigues DC, Mufteev M, Ellis J. Quantification of mRNA ribosomal engagement in human neurons using parallel translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA sequencing. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100229. [PMID: 33364619 PMCID: PMC7753199 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation regulation is a fundamental step in gene regulation with critical roles in neurodevelopment. Here, we describe three protocols to calculate the ribosomal-engagement levels of the transcriptome from in vitro-derived neuronal cells. The protocols described here include enrichment of in vitro-generated pluripotent-derived neurons, immunoaffinity purification of ribosome-bound RNAs, and calculation of the fraction of ribosome-engaged mRNAs. The ribosome-engaged RNA fraction is a measurement of the translation activity, and differences between genotype or growth conditions report change in translational regulation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rodrigues et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Marat Mufteev
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Wang B, Kim K, Srirangapatanam S, Ustriyana P, Wheelis SE, Fakra S, Kang M, Rodrigues DC, Ho SP. Mechanoadaptive strain and functional osseointegration of dental implants in rats. Bone 2020; 137:115375. [PMID: 32335376 PMCID: PMC7822628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal implant-bone biomechanics and mechanoadaptive strains in peri-implant tissue are poorly understood. Physical and chemical characteristics of an implant-bone complex (IBC) were correlated in three-dimensional space (along the length and around a dental implant) to gather insights into time related integration of the implant with the cortical portion of a jaw bone in a rat. Rats (N = 9) were divided into three experimental groups with three rats per time point; 3-, 11-, and 24-day. All rats were fed crumbled hard pellets mixed with water (soft-food diet) for the first 3 days followed by a hard-food diet with intact hard-food pellets (groups of 11- and 24-day only). Biomechanics of the IBCs harvested from rats at each time point was evaluated by performing mechanical testing in situ in tandem with X-ray imaging. The effect of physical association (contact area) of a loaded implant with adapting peri-implant tissue, and resulting strain within was mapped by using digital volume correlation (DVC) technique. The IBC stiffness at respective time points was correlated with mechanical strain in peri-implant tissue. Results illustrated that IBC stiffness at 11-day was lower than that observed at 3-day. However, at 24-day, IBC stiffness recovered to that which was observed at 3-day. Correlative microscopy and spectroscopy illustrated that the lower IBC stiffness was constituted by softer and less mineralized peri-implant tissue that contained varying expressions of osteoconductive elements. Lower IBC stiffness observed at 11-day was constituted by less mineralized peri-implant tissue with osteoconductive elements that included phosphorus (P) which was co-localized with higher expression of zinc (Zn), and lower expression of calcium (Ca). Higher IBC stiffness at 24-day was constituted by mineralized peri-implant tissue with higher expressions of osteoconductive elements including Ca and P, and lower expressions of Zn. These spatiotemporal correlative maps of peri-implant tissue architecture, heterogeneous distribution of mineral density, and elemental colocalization underscore mechanoadaptive physicochemical properties of peri-implant tissue that facilitate functional osseointegration of an implant. These results provided insights into 1) plausible "prescription" of mechanical loads as an osteoinductive "therapeutic dose" to encourage osteoconductive elements in the peri-implant tissue that would facilitate functional osseointegration of the implant; 2) a "critical temporal window" between 3 and 11 days, and perhaps it is this acute phase during which key candidate regenerative molecules can be harnessed to accelerate osseointegration of an implant under load.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - K Kim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - S Srirangapatanam
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - P Ustriyana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - S E Wheelis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, United States of America
| | - S Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - M Kang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America
| | - D C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, United States of America
| | - S P Ho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
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Wang B, Kim K, Srirangapatanam S, Ustriyana P, Wheelis SE, Fakra SC, Kang M, Rodrigues DC, Ho SP. Data on biomechanics and elemental maps of dental implant-bone complexes in rats. Data Brief 2020; 31:105969. [PMID: 32728601 PMCID: PMC7381497 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-bone biomechanics and mechanoadaptation of peri‑implant tissue in space (around and along the length of an implant) and time (3-, 11-, and 24-day following implantation) are important for functional osseointegration of dental implants. Spatiotemporal shifts in biomechanics of implant-bone complex in rat maxillae were correlated with maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressive) principal strain profiles in peri‑implant tissue using a hybrid model; biomechanics in situ paired with digital volume correlation. Spatiotemporal changes in elemental counts and their association with mineral density of the peri‑implant tissue were mapped using electron dispersive X-ray and X-ray fluorescence microprobe techniques. Data provided within are related to biomechanical testing of an implant-bone complex in situ. Data also highlight the power of correlating elemental colocalization with tension and compression regions of the peri‑implant tissues to explain spatiotemporal mechanoadaptation of implant-bone complexes. Further interpretation of data is provided in "Mechanoadaptive Strain and Functional Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Rats [1]."
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Kim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - S Srirangapatanam
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - P Ustriyana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - S E Wheelis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
| | - S C Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Kang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - D C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
| | - S P Ho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Rodrigues DC, Harvey EM, Suraj R, Erickson SL, Mohammad L, Ren M, Liu H, He G, Kaplan DR, Ellis J, Yang G. Methylglyoxal couples metabolic and translational control of Notch signalling in mammalian neural stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2018. [PMID: 32332750 PMCID: PMC7181744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation and metabolism are two fundamental processes that coordinate the self-renewal and differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the developing mammalian brain. However, little is known about how metabolic signals instruct gene expression to control NPC homeostasis. Here, we show that methylglyoxal, a glycolytic intermediate metabolite, modulates Notch signalling to regulate NPC fate decision. We find that increased methylglyoxal suppresses the translation of Notch1 receptor mRNA in mouse and human NPCs, which is mediated by binding of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH to an AU-rich region within Notch1 3ʹUTR. Interestingly, methylglyoxal inhibits the enzymatic activity of GAPDH and engages it as an RNA-binding protein to suppress Notch1 translation. Reducing GAPDH levels or restoring Notch signalling rescues methylglyoxal-induced NPC depletion and premature differentiation in the developing mouse cortex. Taken together, our data indicates that methylglyoxal couples the metabolic and translational control of Notch signalling to control NPC homeostasis. Gene regulation and metabolism co-ordinate self-renewal and differentiation of neural precursors (NPCs) in the developing brain. Here the authors show that methylglyoxal, a glycolytic intermediate metabolite, promotes GADPH-dependent translational repression of Notch1, thereby promoting NPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emily M Harvey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rejitha Suraj
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah L Erickson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lamees Mohammad
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mengli Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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Kinnear C, Agrawal R, Loo C, Pahnke A, Rodrigues DC, Thompson T, Akinrinade O, Ahadian S, Keeley F, Radisic M, Mital S, Ellis J. Everolimus Rescues the Phenotype of Elastin Insufficiency in Patient Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1325-1339. [PMID: 32212852 PMCID: PMC7176340 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Elastin gene deletion or mutation leads to arterial stenoses due to vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells–derived SMCs can model the elastin insufficiency phenotype in vitro but show only partial rescue with rapamycin. Our objective was to identify drug candidates with superior efficacy in rescuing the SMC phenotype in elastin insufficiency patients. Approach and Results: SMCs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells from 5 elastin insufficiency patients with severe recurrent vascular stenoses (3 Williams syndrome and 2 elastin mutations) were phenotypically immature, hyperproliferative, poorly responsive to endothelin, and exerted reduced tension in 3-dimensional smooth muscle biowires. Elastin mRNA and protein were reduced in SMCs from patients compared to healthy control SMCs. Fourteen drug candidates were tested on patient SMCs. Of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors studied, everolimus restored differentiation, rescued proliferation, and improved endothelin-induced calcium flux in all patient SMCs except one Williams syndrome. Of the calcium channel blockers, verapamil increased SMC differentiation and reduced proliferation in Williams syndrome patient cells but not in elastin mutation patients and had no effect on endothelin response. Combination treatment with everolimus and verapamil was not superior to everolimus alone. Other drug candidates had limited efficacy. Conclusions: Everolimus caused the most consistent improvement in SMC differentiation, proliferation and in SMC function in patients with both syndromic and nonsyndromic elastin insufficiency, and offers the best candidate for drug repurposing for treatment of elastin insufficiency associated vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kinnear
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Caitlin Loo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.).,Department of Molecular Genetics (C.L., J.E.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aric Pahnke
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.)
| | - Tadeo Thompson
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.)
| | - Oyediran Akinrinade
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred Keeley
- Department of Biochemistry (F.K.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.K.)
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.).,Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (S.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.).,Department of Molecular Genetics (C.L., J.E.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Marques-Neto SR, Ferraz EB, Rodrigues DC, Njaine B, Rondinelli E, Campos de Carvalho AC, Nascimento JHM. AT1 and aldosterone receptors blockade prevents the chronic effect of nandrolone on the exercise-induced cardioprotection in perfused rat heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:125-35. [PMID: 24258356 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial tolerance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is improved by exercise training, but this cardioprotection is impaired by the chronic use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). The present study evaluated whether blockade of angiotensin II receptor (AT1-R) with losartan and aldosterone receptor (mineralocorticoid receptor, MR) with spironolactone could prevent the deleterious effect of AAS on the exercise-induced cardioprotection. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were exercised and treated with either vehicle, nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg/week i.m.) or the same dose of nandrolone plus losartan or spironolactone (20 mg/kg/day orally) for 8 weeks. Langendorff-perfused hearts were subjected to I/R and evaluated for the postischaemic recovery of left ventricle (LV) function and infarct size. mRNA and protein expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and KATP channels were determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Postischaemic recovery of LV function was better and infarct size was smaller in the exercised rat hearts than in the sedentary rat hearts. Nandrolone impaired the exercise-induced cardioprotection, but this effect was prevented by losartan (AT1-R antagonist) and spironolactone (MR antagonist) treatments. Myocardial AT1-R and MR expression levels were increased, and the expression of the KATP channel subunits SUR2a and Kir6.1 was decreased and Kir6.2 increased in the nandrolone-treated rat hearts. The nandrolone-induced changes of AT1-R, MR, and KATP subunits expression was normalized by the losartan and spironolactone treatments. CONCLUSION The chronic nandrolone treatment impairs the exercise-induced cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating the cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and downregulating KATP channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Rodrigues Marques-Neto
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia Cardíaca Antonio Paes de Carvalho, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco G, 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lopes LB, Scarpa MV, Silva GVJ, Rodrigues DC, Santilli CV, Oliveira AG. Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 39:151-8. [PMID: 15555896 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of acid (AD) and sodium diclofenac (SD) in small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) as well as the interactions of the drug with the bilayer was studied. SUV was prepared by sonication from multilamellar liposomes containing soya phosphatidylcholine and diclofenac at various proportions. The size distribution obtained from dynamic light scattering showed that the incorporation of SD decreases significantly the size of the liposomes suggesting that the drug interacts with the bilayer of the liposomes. This size decrease is related with the phase transition of liposomes to mixed micelar solution. The encapsulation of the hydrophilic dye indocyanine green in the aqueous compartment of liposomes showed that the rate of captured dye decreases with SD concentration suggesting the transition of liposomes to mixed micelles. The (31)P NMR analysis indicates that SD interacts with the phosphate of phosphatidylcholine head groups. A schematic model for interaction of SD with phosphatidylcholine of the liposomes in which the diclofenac anion interacts with the ammonium group of the phospholipid and the dichlorophenyl ring occupies a more internal site of bilayer near phosphate group was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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9
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Silva SS, Ramos RM, Rodrigues DC, Mancilha IM. Downstream processing for xylitol recovery from fermented sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate using aluminium polychloride. Z NATURFORSCH C 2000; 55:10-5. [PMID: 10739093 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2000-1-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol, a sweetener comparable to sucrose, is anticariogenic and can be consumed by diabetics. This sugar has been employed successfully in many foods and pharmaceutical products. The discovery of microorganisms capable of converting xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass into xylitol offers the opportunity of producing this poliol in a simple way. Xylitol production by biotechnological means using sugar cane bagasse is under study in our laboratories, and fermentation parameters have already been established. However, the downstream processing for xylitol recovery is still a bottleneck on which there is only a few data available in the literature. The present study deals with xylitol recovery from fermented sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate using 5.2 g/l of aluminium polychloride associated with activated charcoal. The experiments were performed at pH 9, 50 degrees C for 50 min. The results showed that aluminium polychloride and activated charcoal promoted a 93.5% reduction in phenolic compounds and a 9.7% loss of xylitol from the fermented medium, which became more discoloured, facilitating the xylitol separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Rodrigues DC, Silva SS, Prata AM, Felipe M das G. Biotechnological production of xylitol from agroindustrial residues. Evaluation of bioprocesses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1998; 70-72:869-75. [PMID: 9627401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Batch, fed-batch, and semicontinuous fermentation processes were used for the production of xylitol from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. The best results were achieved by the semicontinuous fermentation process: a xylitol yield of 0.79 g/g with an efficiency of 86% and a volumetric productivity of 0.66 g/L/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica de Lorena, Brazil
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Coelho LG, Passos MC, Chausson Y, Costa EL, Maia AF, Brandao MJ, Rodrigues DC, Castro LP. Duodenal ulcer and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. An 18-month follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27:362-6. [PMID: 1529269 DOI: 10.3109/00365529209000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer (DU) and Helicobacter pylori infection detected by 14C-urea breath test (BT) were assigned to 5 days of treatment with furazolidone, metronidazole, and amoxicillin in addition to eventual classical anti-ulcer agents if necessary. Clinical evaluation and BT were repeated at 2, 6, and 18 months after therapy to determine H. pylori eradication or reinfection. Endoscopy was also repeated at 6 and 18 months after treatment to detect DU relapse. In 29 (60%) patients H. pylori had been eradicated at 2 months after therapy, and in 19 (40%) infection persisted. After successful eradication, 6 of 29 (20.7%) were reinfected. All 24 patients who were negative at the 18-month evaluation were asymptomatic, free of anti-ulcer drugs, and with healed ulcers, whereas among the 19 positive patients followed up, 11 (57%) continued to be symptomatic and still using anti-ulcer agents (p less than 0.010), and 10 (53%) showed active ulcers at endoscopy (p less than 0.010). H. pylori eradication is clearly followed by long-term remission of DU. Reinfection may be an additional problem in treating DU patients in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Coelho
- Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Digestive Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rodrigues DC, Ferreira CS. [1st finding of a rodent (Nectomys squamipes) naturally infested by Schistosoma mansoni, in the State of São Paulo (Brazil)]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1969; 11:306-8. [PMID: 5361753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Rodrigues DC, Ferreira CS. [Epidemiology of schistomiasis in the municipality of São Paulo]. Hospital (Rio J) 1969; 75:1903-12. [PMID: 5311450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rodrigues DC, Ferreira CS. [Schistosomiasis mansoni in the municipality of São Paulo as a consequence of deficient urban sanitation]. Hospital (Rio J) 1966; 70:1609-15. [PMID: 5301968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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