Translation and validation of Indonesian version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Neuromuscular Module

BACKGROUND

The Pediatric Quality of Life™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module is an instrument to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) aged 2-18 years. This study aimed to determine whether the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version is valid and reliable.

METHODS

This study used the Indonesian translation of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module after getting formal permission from the inventor, and the translation process followed the Mapi linguistic translation guidelines. This study administered the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version to 84 parents and 71 children. In addition, we used the Rasch model to analyze the psychometric properties.

RESULTS

The reliability of the total scale of the PedsQL™ Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version shows good to very good criteria. On the parent proxy-report, Cronbach alpha was 0.95, person reliability was 0.84, item reliability was 0.93, person separation was 2.32, item separation was 3.61, person strata separation was 4 levels, and item strata separation was 5 levels. On the child self-report, Cronbach alpha was 0.93, person reliability was 0.81, item reliability was 0.81, person separation was 2.08, item separation was 2.06, person strata separation was 3 levels, and item strata separation was 3 levels. The total scale of the PedsQL Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version shows fair to good construct validity in parent proxy-report (explained variance 51.9%; unexplained variance 8.4%) and child self-report (explained variance 40.9%; unexplained variance 12.6%). There were no misfit items in the parent proxy-report (infit 0.66-1.49; outfit 0.51-1.81; point measure correlation 0.36-0.93) and child self-report (infit 0.53-1.65; outfit 0.50-1.73; point measure correlation 0.31-0.90) identified by the Rasch models.

CONCLUSIONS

The PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Modul Indonesian Version is a valid and reliable instrument in measuring HRQoL in Indonesian children with neuromuscular diseases.

Telehealth and Its Prospective for Improving Serious Mental Illness Conditions: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: Health care services ought to be continued for people with serious mental illness (SMI), despite the pandemic events. These efforts help prevent recurrences of any of these medical conditions through the use of telehealth techniques. AIM: The aim of this article is to evaluate the application of telehealth among SMI patients. METHODS: This study used a scoping review framework methodology based on the report by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify precise studies, and vigorous criteria were employed to select the revelant papers. The search was conducted in several databases, including PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Science Direct. Subsequently, the data collected were extracted by two independent reviewers, synthesized and presented in the table and narrative format. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were identified in the search selection process based on the review objectives, and 5 of these studies were randomized control trials (RCT), while 8 used varied research designs. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the scoping review, telehealth services were concluded to be suitable for helping people with SMI obtain the required mental health services.

Perspective of Cikahuripan Villagers on Traditional Health Service Provisions in Government Regulation No. 103 Year 2014

Background: Traditional health service is one of the health services that is still currently used in Indonesia, especially in rural communities. The government has been regulating these services since 2014. Despite its long existence, there is a recent increase of potential regulation violation among traditional health service providers. This study aimed to explore the perspective of the Cikahuripan Villagers on Government Regulation on traditional health services. Methods: This was a qualitative study using in-depth interviews and direct observations on traditional health services in Cikahuripan Village. Sixteen informants consisting of 8 villagers who met the inclusion criteria and another 8 informants in the triangulation negative case analysis, member checking, peer debriefing, and observation was involved. Results: There were two different perspectives in the community on traditional health service provisions in the Government Regulation. Supporters of the regulation believed that the regulation would make traditional health services more responsive and safer, which would improve service quality and health benefits as well as imposing effective sanctions. In contrast, the opposition believed that regulations were too late, would make the costs for licensing expensive, and too complicated. Conclusion: There are two different public perspectives on the regulation of traditional health services, which are supporting and opposing the regulation. It is expected that the local government create a derivative of the regulation by making adjustment to the community’s situation.

Mobile Phone Text Messaging Cross Platform Intervention for Cervical Cancer Screening: Changes in Knowledge and Attitude in Rural Areas Pre-Post Intervention

The key to the success of cervical cancer control programs is screening followed by adequate treatment. The socio-economic status gap and the low level of education lead to limited awareness and understanding of women of childbearing age. Increasing the capacity of knowledge of women of childbearing age through health education either directly or indirectly is important. Therefore, there is need to develop health education by utilizing the rapidly growing media today such as through the application of cross platform messages on smartphones. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of health education on detection of cervical cancer through the application of cross-platform messages to increase knowledge and attitude of Women in Childbearing Age. A quasi-experimental research of pre-posttest design with control groups conducted consisting of 72 subjects of Women in Childbearing Age. Fogg's Behavior Model was the conceptual framework that guided the development of the cross-platform messaging intervention. A series of checklist from expert panel conducted to inform the development of the cross-platform messaging intervention. The messages are delivered for a 7-day period in the morning. Data collection using a checklist instrument. Univariable analysis through Rasch and bivariable modeling using numerical categorical comparative test, difference using T test. Findings revealed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge and attitude of cervical cancer screening. Women of Childbearing Age whose health education through cross-platform application has a 3.5 times probability of knowledge and good attitude compared to women of childbearing age who are not getting health education through cross-platform applications. Health education through cross-platform messaging services can be a cheap and effective method to improve the knowledge and attitude of women of childbearing age, as well as reaching individuals who have never done early detection of cervical cancer.

Hubungan Persepsi tentang Penularan HIV/AIDS dari Ibu ke Anak terhadap Praktik Penggunaan Kontrasepsi pada Wanita Usia Subur Penerima Obat Antiretroviral di Kota Bandung

Abstract    More than 90% of cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) in children, occur due to transmission from mother to child. Prevention of unwanted pregnancies with contraception in HIV positive women is important strategy to reduce the rate of mother to child HIV/AIDS transmission. The practice of contraceptive use in HIV positive women is strongly influenced by individual beliefs regarding the benefits and effectiveness of contraception for the prevention of mother to child HIV/AIDS transmission. This study aims to determine the relationship of perceptions based on the construct of the Health Belief Model (HBM) wich consists of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self efficacy, and cues to action and based on pluralistic ignorance on the practice of contraceptive use among woman of childbearing age recipients of antiretroviral in Bandung. The design of this study was quantitative non-experimental with survey methods. Data were collected for one month, using questionnaire from 188 women of childbearing age  receiving  antiretroviral drughs taken by consecutive sampling (non-probability) technique. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. The results revealed perceived susceptibility is an HBM construct that affects contraceptive use (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):4.5). While knowledge (AOR:7.3) and age (AOR:0.801), emerged as other factors that influence contraceptive use among WUS recipients of antiretroviral in Bandung. The HBM is used to predict contraceptive behavior in women. HIV positive women who believe themselves to be at high risk of infecting HIV/AIDS from mother to child will tend to use contraception, besides that knowledge is the basis for HIV positive women taking action to use contraception. Abstrak Lebih dari 90% kasus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) pada anak, terjadi akibat penularan dari ibu ke anak. Pencegahan kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan dengan kontrasepsi pada wanita HIV positif merupakan strategi penting untuk menurunkan angka penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke anak. Praktik penggunaan kontrasepsi oleh wanita HIV positif sangat dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan individu terkait manfaat dan efektivitas kontrasepsi terhadap pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS dari ibu ke anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi berdasarkan konstruk Health Belief Model (HBM) yang terdiri dari perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self efficacy, dan cues to action serta berdasarkan ketidaktahuan majemuk terhadap praktik penggunaan kontrasepsi pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) penerima obat antiretroviral di Kota Bandung. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif non-experimental dengan metode survei. Data dikumpulkan selama satu bulan, menggunakan kuesioner dari 188 WUS penerima obat antiretroviral yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling (non-probability). Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan perceived susceptibility adalah konstruk HBM yang berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):4,5). Sementara pengetahuan (AOR:7,3) dan usia (AOR:0,801) muncul sebagai faktor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap praktik penggunaan kontrasepsi pada WUS penerima obat antiretroviral di Kota Bandung. HBM digunakan untuk memprediksi perilaku kontrasepsi pada wanita. Wanita HIV positif yang meyakini dirinya berisiko tinggi dapat menularkan HIV/AIDS ke anak, akan cenderung menggunakan kontrasepsi, disamping itu pengetahuan menjadi dasar bagi wanita HIV positif dalam mengambil tindakan untuk menggunakan kontrasepsi.

Does your neighborhood protect you from being depressed? A study on social trust and depression in Indonesia

BACKGROUND

Prevalence of depression in Indonesia is estimated at about 3.7% of the total population, although the actual may be higher. Studies worldwide have linked the environment where people live to their mental health status. However, little research is found in Indonesia regarding this link. We examined the association between individuals' perception towards their neighborhood and their depression symptoms.

METHODS

Social trust was measured at the individual (level 1) and community (level 2) levels based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS5) in 2014. Depression was measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R-10) and the scores were transformed into logit form using the Rasch model. Multilevel regression was used to determine correlations.

RESULTS

Of the total sample of 14,227 respondents in this study, about 19.4% had experienced severe depression symptoms in the past week. Social trust was found to be significantly associated with severe depression symptoms. The weaker the individuals' social trust towards their neighbourhood, the higher the probability of experiencing severe depression symptoms would be.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that social trust is associated with the severity of depression symptoms: the higher the social trust, the lower the probability of having severe depression symptoms is. Depression symptoms may also be attributed to significant differences between communities.

Development of forensic medicine in post reform Indonesia

Forensic medicine practice in Indonesia was introduced through the Dutch colonial criminal justice system in the early twentieth century. After more than 70 years of national independence, the development of forensic medicine still faces fundamental challenges, including confusion in the distribution of responsibility with law enforcement agencies, difficulties in managing conflicts of interest, and impediments in scientific practice and professional development. Despite of the golden opportunity from the Indonesian Reform movement in the late 1990s, the impact on forensic medicine development has been less than expected. It is thus important to identify the scope of the problems plaguing the development of forensic medicine, as well as its causes. We conducted a qualitative study to explain the problems and propose solutions. The results show that the standards of practice have developed more slowly than those in many other branches of medicine, despite its increasing popularity from its role in counterterrorism and disaster victim identification. A strong thriving spirit exists in forensic science, although growth in forensic research activities should be facilitated more. The 2009 Health Law has included forensic medicine practice in the health system to cover the role of forensic medicine for health and medical education purposes. It also potentially provides a way to support the justice system without exposing forensic practitioners to possible conflicts of interest, for instance, by utilizing a tiered referral system. To this aim, an alternative is proposed: to place forensic medicine practice within the context of the health system.

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on the Diabetic Condition Depend on the Baseline Selenium Status in KKAy Mice

Oxidative stress in obesity leads to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Some selenoproteins possess antioxidant properties, suggesting that selenium (Se) may protect against type 2 diabetes; however, evidence from epidemiological studies is contradictory. We hypothesized that Se status before supplementation (baseline) contributes to the supplementation outcome. This study aimed to clarify the influence of baseline Se status on the effect of Se supplementation on the diabetic condition. Six-week-old KKAy mice were fed a diet without supplemental Se or with 0.1 ppm Se in the form of L-selenomethionine (SeM) for 2 weeks to create low-Se and sufficient-Se baseline statuses, respectively. For the next 4 weeks, low-Se mice were given a SeM (0.5 ppm Se)-supplemented diet, and sufficient-Se mice were given either a SeM (0.5 ppm Se)- or sodium selenite (0.5 ppm Se)-supplemented diet; control groups continued on baseline diets. Serum Se concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, adiponectin levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. All mice became diabetic during the 2-week baseline induction period. At the end of the supplementation period, Se-receiving groups demonstrated significantly higher Se concentrations and GPx activities than their respective controls. Sufficient-Se mice receiving SeM had lower blood glucose levels and better insulin sensitivity than control and sodium selenite-receiving mice, whereas low-Se mice receiving SeM showed no such improvements compared with their controls. Our results suggest that Se supplementation in the form of SeM may help prevent type 2 diabetes aggravation in people taking the 55 μg/day Se recommended dietary allowance.