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Hagemann J, Onorato GL, Jutel M, Akdis CA, Agache I, Zuberbier T, Czarlewski W, Mullol J, Bedbrook A, Bachert C, Bennoor KS, Bergmann K, Braido F, Camargos P, Caraballo L, Cardona V, Casale T, Cecchi L, Chivato T, Chu DK, Cingi C, Correia‐de‐Sousa J, Giacco S, Dokic D, Dykewicz M, Ebisawa M, El‐Gamal Y, Emuzyte R, Fauquert J, Fiocchi A, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca JA, Gemicioglu B, Gomez R, Gotua M, Haahtela T, Hamelmann E, Iinuma T, Ivancevich JC, Jassem E, Kalayci O, Kardas P, Khaitov M, Kuna P, Kvedariene V, Larenas‐Linnemann DE, Lipworth B, Makris M, Maspero JF, Miculinic N, Mihaltan F, Mohammad Y, Montefort S, Morais‐Almeida M, Mösges R, Naclerio R, Neffen H, Niedoszytko M, O’Hehir RE, Ohta K, Okamoto Y, Okubo K, Panzner P, Papadopoulos NG, Passalacqua G, Patella V, Pereira A, Pfaar O, Plavec D, Popov TA, Prokopakis EP, Puggioni F, Raciborski F, Reijula J, Regateiro FS, Reitsma S, Romano A, Rosario N, Rottem M, Ryan D, Samolinski B, Sastre J, Solé D, Sova M, Stellato C, Suppli‐Ulrik C, Tsiligianni I, Valero A, Valiulis A, Valovirta E, Vasankari T, Ventura MT, Wallace D, Wang DY, Williams S, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zernotti M, Bousquet J, Klimek L. Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA 2 LEN consensus. Allergy 2021; 76:2354-2366. [PMID: 33730365 PMCID: PMC8250633 DOI: 10.1111/all.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID‐19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID‐19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID‐19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA‐EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. Methods A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID‐19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID‐19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Results Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two‐way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p < .001). Conclusions This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID‐19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire.
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Bousquet J, Sousa‐Pinto B, Anto JM, Bedbrook A, Czarlewski W, Ansotegui IJ, Bergmann K, Braido F, Brussino L, Cecchi L, Loureiro CC, Cruz AA, Devillier P, Fiocchi A, Gemicioglu B, Haahtela T, Ivancevich JC, Klimek L, Kulus M, Kuna P, Kupczyk M, Kvedariene V, Larenas‐Linnemann DE, Louis G, Louis R, Makris M, Morais‐Almeida M, Niedoszytko M, Ohta K, Ollert M, Papadopoulos N, Patella V, Pétré B, Pfaar O, Puggioni F, Quirce S, Regateiro FS, Roche N, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sastre J, Schleich F, Scichilone N, Taborda‐Barata L, Toppila‐Salmi S, Valiulis A, Vardaloglu Koyuncu I, Ventura MT, Yorgancioglu A, Fonseca JA, Zuberbier T. Concurrent validity, cut-offs and ability to change of patient-reported outcome measures for rhinitis and asthma in MASK-air ®. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12390. [PMID: 39313483 PMCID: PMC11419846 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess a patient's health status at a particular point in time. They are essential in the development of person-centred care. This paper reviews studies performed on PROMs for assessing AR and asthma control, in particular VAS scales that are included in the app MASK-air® (Mobile Airways Sentinel networK) for asthma and rhinitis. VASs were initially developed on paper and pencil and tested for their criterion validity, cut-offs and responsiveness. Then, a multicentric, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised control trial (DB-PC-RCT) using an electronic VAS form was carried out. Finally, with the development of MASK-air® in 2015, previously validated VAS questions were adapted to the digital format and further methodologic evaluations were performed. VAS for asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, work and EQ-5D are included in the app. Additionally, two control-medication scores for allergic symptoms of asthma (e-DASTHMA) were validated for their criterion validity, cut-offs and responsiveness.
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