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Exploring Caregiver and Parental Roles as Radiation Oncologists in Canada. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Does Compromising Target Coverage Impact Overall Survival when Treating Oligometastatic Disease with Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. WATER RESEARCH 2021. [PMID: 34607084 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.22.21250320%j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with >90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 548 were "novel" SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the novel SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases.
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High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117710. [PMID: 34607084 PMCID: PMC8464352 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with >90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 548 were "novel" SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the novel SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases.
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High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.01.22.21250320. [PMID: 33501452 PMCID: PMC7836124 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.22.21250320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with >90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 5680 were novel SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases.
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Pan-Enterovirus Amplicon-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Detects the Complete Capsid of a EVA71 Genotype C1 Variant via Wastewater-Based Epidemiology in Arizona. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010074. [PMID: 33430521 PMCID: PMC7827028 DOI: 10.3390/v13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the complete capsid of a genotype C1-like Enterovirus A71 variant recovered from wastewater in a neighborhood in the greater Tempe, Arizona area (Southwest United States) in May 2020 using a pan-enterovirus amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing strategy. The variant seems to have been circulating for over two years, but its sequence has not been documented in that period. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in changes in health-seeking behavior and overwhelmed pathogen diagnostics, our findings highlight the importance of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE ) as an early warning system for virus surveillance.
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Contouring and Target Variability in Vaginal Tumors Treated with MR-Based Interstitial Brachytherapy: A Multi-institutional Contouring Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Incidence of Brain Metastases and Outcomes in Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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PO-217 A RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING SEED LOSS AND DISPLACEMENT OF ANCHORSEEDSEE TO STANDARD UNCOATED LOOSE SEEDS. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Use of a surgically derived nomogram to predict high likelihood of Gleason score upgrading for favorable-risk prostate cancer treated with permanent seed brachytherapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
114 Background: Crook et al have reported a 7-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 95.2% in 1,111 men with prostate cancer treated with Iodine-125 permanent seed brachytherapy (BT) at Princess Margaret Hospital. Two nomograms have been developed that estimate the likelihood of Gleason score (GS) upgrading for patients with favorable risk prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). The purpose of this project was to apply these nomograms to a cohort treated with BT. Methods: Records were examined for all men receiving prostate BT in 2006-7. 217 had favorable risk disease. The likelihood of GS upgrading was predicted using RP-derived nomograms created by Kulkarni et al (PMH, 2007) and Budaus et al (2010). Clinical and pathologic information were available on 208 patients to allow completion of the Kulkarni nomogram, and on 193 patients for the Budaus nomogram. Results: The median age of the BT cohort was 62 years (range 44–77), and the median PSA level 4.68 ng/ml. Clinical stage was T1 in 65%, and 47.6% had positive findings on transrectal ultrasound. Median prostate volume was 33.3 cc (15.0–72.3). Uro-pathology review was available for 93%. 84.1% had extended biopsies, with 40.9% showing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 10.1% inflammation. The median % of positive cores was 25%, with a median maximum % involvement per core of 20%. Two men received androgen deprivation therapy for prostate downsizing. The median predicted likelihood of GS upgrading was 51.6% using the Kulkarni nomogram, and 43.6% using the Budaus nomogram. The median PSA after 3.2 years median follow-up is 0.18 ng/mL. Conclusions: In a population of men with favorable risk prostate cancer treated with BT, the estimated likelihood of GS upgrading using two surgical nomograms was substantial. The study cohort was taken from a larger population of patients treated over 10 years for whom 7-year DFS is 95.2%. This suggests that permanent seed brachytherapy is a highly effective treatment option for patients with favorable risk disease despite unfavorable clinical and pathologic factors. Patients should not be discouraged from brachytherapy on the basis of a high likelihood of GS upgrading. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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118 ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF AUTOMATED ATLAS-BASED SEGMENTATION FOR PROSTATE RADIOTHERAPY. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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121 Waiting times and access to care for non-metastatic, non-small cell lung cancer in Mainland Nova Scotia. Radiother Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(06)80862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Recently Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) and the Australian Association for Exercise and Sport Science (AAESS) developed guidelines for pre-exercise screening and supervision of fitness testing, based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) system. The procedure involves classifying individuals into one of three risk groups (apparently healthy, at higher risk, with known disease). Using data collected in a 1992 survey of 2298 Australian adults aged 18-78 years conducted by the Department of the Arts, Sport, the Environment and Territories (DASET), we calculated the percentage of the general population falling within each risk group and therefore exclusion rates (ie the proportion of subjects who, it is recommended, would require medical clearance prior to exercise or exercise testing). The analysis of data found that between 43-73% of males and 44-61% of females would require clearance. A cost analysis suggests that a rigorous application of the SMA-AAESS guidelines would cost between $250 million and $1.2 billion each year. On the basis of the results, suggestions for reviewing the guidelines have been proposed.
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The palliative care team and the dental hygienist. PROBE (OTTAWA, ONT.) 1997; 31:127, 136. [PMID: 9611437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Report on seniors' dental care. Past experience and future challenges. PROBE (OTTAWA, ONT.) 1994; 28:59-60. [PMID: 9518803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After attending the CDHA North American Research Conference held in Niagara Falls last October, Ms. Bowes says she found a significant amount of interest in the area of geriatric care being expressed by those in attendance. Consequently, when she returned home, she decided to offer CDHA members an opportunity to gain some insight on this topic from her own experiences. Although no 'formal' report summarizing the findings noted here was ever forwarded to the facilities involved, Ms. Bowes says that "some of the information gathered has been used in documents and reports that were forwarded to the Ministry of Health and the local Board of Health for Simcoe County." The purpose of this report is to alert dental professionals to the future dental needs of our rapidly aging population and to perhaps assist those who are considering the provision of the elderly by outlining my personal experience.
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Abstract
Brutus made no judgments. He gave only care and devotion. As a visiting "therapist," the Doberman Pinscher brought joy and activity to nursing homes.
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The doctor as patient: an encounter with Guillain-Bárré syndrome. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1984; 131:1343-8. [PMID: 6388775 PMCID: PMC1483651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The author describes the course and treatment of a severe acute illness that began with cranial nerve palsies and ataxia and progressed rapidly to generalized weakness with respiratory embarrassment. There was no sensory loss or elevation of the protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. The Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome was diagnosed. At the height of the illness, a period lasting about 2 weeks, the author was almost completely paralysed, retaining only a little motion in some fingers and one foot; she was able to breathe on her own but required suctioning through a tracheostomy, and her eyes had to be taped shut because of her facial paralysis. She remained mentally alert throughout. Proper care of such a helpless patient demands not only excellent technical performance of many nursing procedures but a sensitivity to the patient as a person. The author describes the many shortcomings of the care she received and the value of physiotherapy in her rehabilitation and makes a number of specific recommendations for the care of critically ill conscious patients.
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Abstract
The distribution of lactoferrin and glycoprotein in human bronchial glands has been studied by electron microscopy using an immunoperoxidase method to stain the former and a periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine sequence for the latter, each applied to ultrathin Epon sections. The distribution of lactoferrin corresponds to that of lysozyme. Lactoferrin and lysozyme are both confined to serous acini where the granules show a variable pattern of staining. Some serous granules are filled uniformly with lactoferrin, some lack lactoferrin in a small central core or a thin peripheral rim, and some are completely devoid of lactoferrin. Glycoprotein is present in all mucous granules but only certain serous granules. The latter may be filled uniformly with glycoprotein or glycoprotein may form a thin peripheral coat about centrally located lactoferrin and lysozyme. An electron-dense central core found in some serous granules contains neither glycoprotein, lactoferrin, nor lysozyme.
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Postnatal growth of the mouse lung. J Anat 1977; 124:131-51. [PMID: 914698 PMCID: PMC1235518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
An immunocytochemical unlabelled antibody method using rabbit antihuman lysozyme, antirabbit immunoglobulin, and soluble rabbit antihorseradish peroxidase/horseradish peroxidase complexes was used to study the fine structural distribution of lysozyme in human bronchial glands. None was identified in mucous cells but there was heavy staining of the serous cell granules. The serous cell granules were not stained uniformly, suggesting the presence of other secretory products but lysozyme secretion appears to be a major function of these cells. The pathological implications of this are discussed.
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Quantification and identification of particle movement in epidermis after thermal injury. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1976; 8:331-9. [PMID: 955969 DOI: 10.1007/bf01003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin samples from a rabbit hind limb were taken from controls and at 5 min, 2 and 6 hr after a mild thermal injury (60 degrees C for 1 min). Large aggregates of intercellular particles, usually ribosomal in appearance, were seen in 6 hr samples and were accompanied by some peripheral aggregates of particles and by granule-coated vesicles. These structures were present in earlier samples to a lesser extent and were absent from control material. Quantitative assessment showed that intercellular particles apparently increased up to 6 hr whereas peripheral aggregation was maximum at 2 hr. Histochemical analysis confirmed that the particles contained ribonucleoprotein. Other larger particles were seen occasionally and contained carbohydrate. Lymph draining the site showed cellular changes, little change in enzyme activities, and no aggregates of particles.
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Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole therapy and folate nutrition. S Afr Med J 1973; 47:1230-2. [PMID: 4721042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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