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Widanarni W, Gustilatov M, Ekasari J, Julyantoro PGS, Waturangi DE, Sukenda S. Unveiling the positive impact of biofloc culture on Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp by reducing quorum sensing and virulence gene expression and enhancing immunity. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13932. [PMID: 38373053 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and unveil the positive impact of biofloc culture on Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp by reducing quorum sensing (QS) and virulence gene expression and enhancing shrimp's immunity. The shrimp with an average body weight of 0.50 ± 0.09 g were reared in containers with a volume of 2.5 L, 21 units, and a density of 20 shrimp L-1. The shrimp were cultured for 5 days, with each treatment including biofloc system maintenance with a C/N ratio of 10 and a control treatment without biofloc, followed by a challenge test through immersion using V. parahaemolyticus at densities of 103, 105, and 107 CFU mL-1 initially. The results of the in vitro experiment showed that biofloc suspension can inhibit and disperse biofilm formation, as well as reduce the exo-enzyme activity (amylase, protease, and chitinase) of V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, the biofloc treatment significantly reduced the expression of the QS regulatory gene OpaR, the PirB toxin gene, and the virulence factor genes T6SS1 and T6SS2 in both in vitro and in vivo. The biofloc system also increased the expression of shrimp immunity-related genes (LGBP, proPO, SP, and PE) and the survival rate of white shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widanarni Widanarni
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Gustilatov
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Julie Ekasari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | | | - Sukenda Sukenda
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Lukman G, Waturangi DE, Julyantoro PGS, Papuangan N. Phyllosphere bacteria with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities against fish pathogenic bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38167225 PMCID: PMC10759618 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aims to quantify antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of f phyllosphere bacteria against biofilm formed by pathogenic fish bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi. RESULTS Antiquorum sensing assay using Chromobacter violaceum as indicator bacteria and antibiofilm assay showed six phyllosphere bacteria have antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities against tested bacteria. The highest inhibition and destruction activity was showed by metabolite of JB 3B and EJB 5 F against A. hydrophila, respectively. Determination using light microscope and scanning electron microscope performed decreaing in biomass of biofilm observed after treated with metabolite from phyllosphere bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Lukman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Nurmaya Papuangan
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
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Waturangi DE. Enumeration of Bacteriophages by Plaque Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:147-153. [PMID: 37966597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Enumeration of bacteriophages by plaque assay requires the mixing of host-specific bacteria with a lytic bacteriophage of interest in a soft agar overlay (top agar) to prevent the spread of viral infection in the medium; the mixture is then spread on a solid bottom agar. An infection of a single lytic phage particle with a bacterium results in the lysis of the host bacterium and the release of new phage progeny. The new phage progeny released from each bacterium will infect/lyse neighboring bacteria to form a "plaque," which is a clear visible area (that can be counted) with the naked eye. If phages are not present in the mixture, the host bacterium will form a "lawn" in the soft agar overlay and grow to a stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Master in Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Wahjuningrum D, Hilal A, Waturangi DE, Nuryati S. The potential of shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolites as antimicrobe and antibiofilm in the treatment of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:324. [PMID: 37946241 PMCID: PMC10634037 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) and produce biofilm formation. Problem with antibiotic resistance challenges the need of an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore a solution to treat infection and the biofilm formed by A. hydrophila. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite 20 PM as antimicrobe and antibiofilm to treated eels infected with A. hydrophila. RESULTS Shallot skin powder (6.25 g 100 g-1 feed) and Actinomycetes 20 PM metabolite (2 mL 100 g-1 feed) were found to be effective as antimicrobe and antibiofilm agent in treating eels infected with A. hydrophila. Eel treated with antibiotic, shallot skin powder, and actinomycetes metabolite had 80%, 66%, and 73% survival rates, respectively. Other indicators such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased, but white blood cell count and phagocytic activity were dropped. Biofilm destruction were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to determined antibiofilm activity of actinomycetes metabolite against biofilm of A. Hydrophila. CONCLUSIONS Shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite were potential to treat infection of A. hydrophila in eel as an alternative treatment to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisyah Hilal
- Department of Aquaculture, IPB University, Dramaga Street, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Cisauk-Lapan No. 10, Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang, Banten, 15345, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Nuryati
- Department of Aquaculture, IPB University, Dramaga Street, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
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Wijaya M, Delicia D, Waturangi DE. Control of pathogenic bacteria using marine actinobacterial extract with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:305. [PMID: 37919800 PMCID: PMC10623884 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this research were to screen the anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of marine actinobacteria, isolated from several aquatic environments in Indonesia against several pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS Ten out of 40 actinobacteria were found to have anti-quorum sensing activity against wild-type Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472); however, the validation assay showed that only eight of 10 significantly inhibited the quorum sensing system of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The crude actinobacteria extracts inhibited and disrupted biofilm formation produced by pathogens. The highest antibiofilm inhibition was discovered in isolates 11AC (90%), 1AC (90%), CW17 (84%), TB12 (94%), 20PM (85%), CW01 (93%) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The highest biofilm destruction activity was observed for isolate 1AC (77%), 20PM (85%), 16PM (72%), CW01 (73%), 18PM (82%), 16PM (63%) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Actinobacteria isolates demonstrated promising anti-quorum and/or antibiofilm activity, interfering with the biofilm formation of tested pathogens. Appropriate formulations of these extracts could be developed as effective disinfectants, eradicating biofilms in many industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wijaya
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Dea Delicia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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L A LA, Waturangi DE. Application of BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC bacteriophages to control enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli on various food surfaces. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 37312167 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to determine the Efficiency of Plating (EOP) value of Bacteriophage BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC and to evaluate the application of these bacteriophages in reducing population of EHEC and EPEC on various food samples. RESULTS In this study, we used bacteriophage BI-EHEC and BI-EPEC, which were isolated from previous study. Both phages were tested with other multiple pathotypes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli to determine the efficiency of plating. BI-EHEC had high efficiency toward ETEC with an EOP value of 2.95 but low efficiency toward EHEC with an EOP value of 0.10, while BI-EPEC had high efficiency toward EHEC and ETEC with EOP values of 1.10 and 1.21, respectively. As biocontrol agents, both bacteriophages able to reduce CFU of EHEC and EPEC in several food samples using 1 and 6-days incubation times at 4 [Formula: see text]. BI-EHEC reduced the number of EHEC with an overall percentage of bacterial reduction value above 0.13 log10, while BI-EPEC reduced number of EPEC with reduction value above 0.33 log10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leny Agustina L A
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51 Jakarta, 12930, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51 Jakarta, 12930, South Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Artawinata PC, Lorraine S, Waturangi DE. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from soil against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9282. [PMID: 37286897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial food spoilage and foodborne disease are the main challenges in the food industry regarding food shelf life. Current preservation methods are frequently associated with changes in organoleptic characteristics and loss of nutrients. For this reason, bacteriophage offers an alternative natural method as a biocontrol agent that can reduce bacterial contamination in food without altering the organoleptic properties. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriophage from soil to control food spoilage bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and foodborne pathogenic bacteria, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Isolation was done by agar overlay assay method, and phages BC-S1, BS-S2, ETEC-S3, and EHEC-S4 were recovered. The host range of all isolated phages tended to be narrow and had high specificity towards the specific bacteria. The phage efficiency were measured where ETEC-S3 showed no effectivity against B. cereus and EHEC-S4 showed low efficiency against Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Morphology analysis was conducted for phage BC-S1 and ETEC-S3 with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and it is shown to belong to the Caudovirales order. Phages BC-S1 and BS-S2 significantly reduced the host bacteria when applied to the cooked rice and pasteurized milk samples with miMOI of 0.1. While phage ETEC-S3 at miMOI of 0.001 and phage EHEC-S4 at miMOI of 1 also showed a significant reduction when applied to chicken meat and lettuce samples at storage temperatures of 4 °C and 28 °C. The highest bacterial reduction of 100% was shown by phage BC-S1 on pasteurized milk samples and reduction up to 96.06% by phage ETEC-S3 on chicken meat samples at 28 °C incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Christy Artawinata
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Sesilia Lorraine
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Master in Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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Michael, Waturangi DE. Antibiofilm activity from endophyte bacteria, Vibrio cholerae strains, and actinomycetes isolates in liquid and solid culture. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36991312 PMCID: PMC10053847 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Biofilm-associated infections are a global threat to our economy and human health; as such, development of antibiofilm compounds is an urgent need. Our previous study identified eleven environmental isolates of endophyte bacteria, actinomycetes, and two strains of Vibrio cholerae as having strong antibiofilm activity, but only tested crude extracts from liquid culture. Here we grew the same bacteria in solid culture to induce the formation of colony biofilms and the expression of genes that may ultimately produce antibiofilm compounds. This research aimed to compare antibiofilm inhibition and destruction activities between liquid and solid cultures of these eleven environmental isolates against the biofilms of representative pathogenic bacteria.
Results
We measured antibiofilm activity using the static antibiofilm assay and crystal violet staining. The majority of our isolates exhibited higher inhibitory antibiofilm activity in liquid media, including all endophyte bacteria, V. cholerae V15a, and actinomycetes strains (CW01, SW03, CW17). However, for V. cholerae strain B32 and two actinomycetes bacteria (TB12 and SW12), the solid crude extracts showed higher inhibitory activity. Regarding destructive antibiofilm activity, many endophyte isolates and V. cholerae strains showed no significant difference between culture methods; the exceptions were endophyte bacteria isolate JerF4 and V. cholerae B32. The liquid extract of isolate JerF4 showed higher destructive activity relative to the corresponding solid culture extract, while for V. cholerae strain B32 the solid extract showed higher activity against some biofilms of pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusions
Culture conditions, namely solid or liquid culture, can influence the activity of culture extracts against biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. We compared the antibiofilm activity and presented the data that majority of isolates showed a higher antibiofilm activity in liquid culture. Interestingly, solid extracts from three isolates (B32, TB12, and SW12) have a better inhibition or/and destruction antibiofilm activity compared to their liquid culture. Further research is needed to characterize the activities of specific metabolites in solid and liquid culture extracts and to determine the mechanisms of their antibiofilm actions.
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Agatha FA, Waturangi DE. Antibiofilm activities of crude extract and supernatant of Actinobacteria against biofilm formed by foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Nova Biotechnol Chim 2023. [DOI: 10.34135/nbc.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form a biofilm that attaches the microbial population to a solid surface, thus acting as a barrier to protect external stresses from the bacterial community. In the food industry, biofilms are believed to be responsible for food-borne diseases and food spoilages. This research was conducted to characterize anti-quorum sensing (QS), anti-biofilm activity of crude extract, and supernatant from Actinobacteria isolates against biofilm of foodborne, and food spoilage bacteria. Actinobacteria is the group of filamentous spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria, which is well recognized as a source for novel secondary metabolites, such as anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing. Two isolates of Actinobacteria utilized in this study were recovered from the Indonesian marine environment in the previous study. Both isolates demonstrated anti-QS activity on early detection assay using the agar overlay method. The Actinobacteria isolates were fermented, and the crude extracts were obtained through extraction using 100 % ethyl acetate and further evaporation, while the supernatant was collected directly following fermentation. The entire Actinobacteria isolates displayed capability as an anti-biofilm agent in crude extracts form at a concentration of 20 mg.mL-1, alongside when in its supernatant form. The Actinobacteria isolates in both extracts and supernatants form demonstrated anti-QS activity based on the N-Hexanoyl-L- homoserine lactone (HHL) validation assay and were also categorized as non-toxic based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA).
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Agatha FA, Waturangi DE. Antibiofilm activities of crude extract and supernatant of Actinobacteria against biofilm formed by foodborne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Nova Biotechnol Chim 2022. [DOI: 10.36547/nbc.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form a biofilm that attaches the microbial population to a solid surface, thus acting as a barrier to protect external stresses from the bacterial community. In the food industry, biofilms are believed to be responsible for food-borne diseases and food spoilages. This research was conducted to characterize anti-quorum sensing (QS), anti-biofilm activity of crude extract, and supernatant from Actinobacteria isolates against biofilm of foodborne, and food spoilage bacteria. Actinobacteria is the group of filamentous spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria, which is well recognized as a source for novel secondary metabolites, such as anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing. Two isolates of Actinobacteria utilized in this study were recovered from the Indonesian marine environment in the previous study. Both isolates demonstrated anti-QS activity on early detection assay using the agar overlay method. The Actinobacteria isolates were fermented, and the crude extracts were obtained through extraction using 100 % ethyl acetate and further evaporation, while the supernatant was collected directly following fermentation. The entire Actinobacteria isolates displayed capability as an anti-biofilm agent in crude extracts form at a concentration of 20 mg.mL-1, alongside when in its supernatant form. The Actinobacteria isolates in both extracts and supernatants form demonstrated anti-QS activity based on the N-Hexanoyl-L- homoserine lactone (HHL) validation assay and were also categorized as non-toxic based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA).
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Miller T, Waturangi DE, Yogiara. Antibiofilm properties of bioactive compounds from Actinomycetes against foodborne and fish pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18614. [PMID: 36329158 PMCID: PMC9633603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, bacteria can form biofilms, multi-layered structures that adhere microbial populations to solid surfaces by exopolysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. In addition to causing foodborne infections, biofilms can be a major problem in aquaculture. Actinomycetes extracts have previously demonstrated antibiofilm activity against multiple foodborne and fish pathogens, and further characterization of these extracts is needed. In this study, we identified the chemical structures and antibiofilm properties of four extracts and determined the genetic similarity of the isolates to known Streptomyces isolates. We found that several extracts contained multiple antibiofilm compounds, and the antibiofilm activities of all extracts were most stable at pH 6. Furthermore, the antibiofilm inhibition and destruction activities of the isolates were stable at different temperatures. All of crude extracts demonstrated activity against biofilms formed by foodborne and fish pathogens on the surface of stainless-steel coupons as well as polystyrene that commonly used in industrial equipment. Using PCR 16S-rRNA gene and DNA sequencing analysis, the four Actinomycetes isolates were found to be 99% (1 AC), 97% (20 PM), 95% (16 PM), and 85% (18 PM) similar to Streptomyces. Biofilm structure were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry analysis. Coniine/(S)-2-propylpiperidine was the most active fraction of the crude extracts of the 1 AC, 20 PM, and 16 PM isolates, and piperidine, 2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl) was most active in the 18 PM isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Miller
- grid.443450.20000 0001 2288 786XBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- grid.443450.20000 0001 2288 786XBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
| | - Yogiara
- grid.443450.20000 0001 2288 786XBiotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12930 Indonesia
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Khosasih V, Prasetyo N, Sudianto E, Waturangi DE. Prevalence and characterization of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria from rainwater in Indonesia. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:116. [PMID: 35477335 PMCID: PMC9044597 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria are a group of microorganisms that can act as biological nucleator due to their ice nucleation protein property. Unfortunately, little is known about their prevalence and characteristics in tropical areas including Indonesia. Here, we monitor the presence of INA bacteria in rainwater and air samples collected from Jakarta, Tangerang and several areas in Western Java, Indonesia for one year. We further identify and characterize selected Class A of INA bacteria isolated from these areas. Results Most of the INA bacteria were isolated from rainwater samples collected during March–August 2010, particularly from Jakarta, Bandung, and Tangerang. A total of 1,902 bacterial isolates were recovered from these area. We found a limited number of bacterial isolates from air sampling. From ice nucleation activity assays, 101 INA isolates were found active as ice nucleator at a temperature above -10 °C. A large majority (73 isolates) of them are classified as Class C (active below -8 °C), followed by Class A (26 isolates; active at -2 to -5 °C) and Class B (two isolates; active at -5 to -8 °C). We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of 18 Class A INA isolates and identified 15 isolates as Enterobacteriaceae, while the remaining three as Pseudomonadaceae. The vast majority of our Class A INA isolates were likely Pantoea spp. with several isolates were deduced as either Pseudomonas, Cronobacter, and Klebsiella. We found that these 18 Class A INA isolates had acquired resistance to antibiotics erythromycin and ampicillin, which are considered two critically important antibiotics. Conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence of INA bacterial population varies across locations and seasons. Furthermore, our isolates were dominated by Class A and C INA bacteria. This study also cautions regarding the spread of antibiotic resistance among INA bacteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02521-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivia Khosasih
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.,Present Address: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115
| | - Niko Prasetyo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Edi Sudianto
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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Dewanggana MN, Evangeline C, Ketty MD, Waturangi DE, Yogiara, Magdalena S. Isolation, characterization, molecular analysis and application of bacteriophage DW-EC to control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on various foods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:495. [PMID: 35017610 PMCID: PMC8752677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among food preservation methods, bacteriophage treatment can be a viable alternative method to overcome the drawbacks of traditional approaches. Bacteriophages are naturally occurring viruses that are highly specific to their hosts and have the capability to lyse bacterial cells, making them useful as biopreservation agents. This study aims to characterize and determine the application of bacteriophage isolated from Indonesian traditional Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food to control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) population in various foods. Phage DW-EC isolated from Indonesian traditional RTE food called dawet with ETEC as its host showed a positive result by the formation of plaques (clear zone) in the bacterial host lawn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results also showed that DW-EC can be suspected to belong to the Myoviridae family. Molecular characterization and bioinformatic analysis showed that DW-EC exhibited characteristics as promising biocontrol agents in food samples. Genes related to the lytic cycle, such as lysozyme and tail fiber assembly protein, were annotated. There were also no signs of lysogenic genes among the annotation results. The resulting PHACTS data also indicated that DW-EC was leaning toward being exclusively lytic. DW-EC significantly reduced the ETEC population (P ≤ 0.05) in various food samples after two different incubation times (1 day and 6 days) in chicken meat (80.93%; 87.29%), fish meat (63.78%; 87.89%), cucumber (61.42%; 71.88%), tomato (56.24%; 74.51%), and lettuce (46.88%; 43.38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nisita Dewanggana
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Clare Evangeline
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maurita Delia Ketty
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Yogiara
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Stella Magdalena
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Dewanggana MN, Waturangi DE, Yogiara. Genomic characterization of bacteriophage BI-EHEC infecting strains of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:459. [PMID: 34930434 PMCID: PMC8686590 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this research were to determine the genomic properties of BI-EHEC to control Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), which was isolated from previous study. Genomic analysis of this phage is essential for the assessment of this bacteriophage for further application as food preservatives. RESULTS Genome of BI-EHEC was successfully annotated using multiPhATE2. Structural and lytic cycle-related proteins such as head, tail, capsid, and lysozyme (lysin) were annotated. The phylogenetic tree of tail fiber protein and BRIG results showed that BI-EHEC was similar to phages of the same host in the bacteriophage genome database. There were no indications of virulence properties, antibiotic resistance genes and lysogenic protein among annotated genes which implied BI-EHEC followed a lytic life cycle. PHACTS analysis was done to confirm this notion further and yielded a lytic cycle result. Further analysis using CARD found that BI-EHEC does not contain residual ARGs per recommended parameter. Furthermore, BI-EHEC confirmed as lytic bacteriophage, making it a good candidate for biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nisita Dewanggana
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Yogiara
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
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Yuliangsih S, Waturangi DE, Yogiara. Microbial analysis and virulence genes detection of milk preserved using heat-assisted pulsed electric field. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:397. [PMID: 34702364 PMCID: PMC8549208 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Microbial analysis in milk preserved using heat-assisted Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) need to be assessed. In this study we analyze the microbial quality and virulence-associated genes in milk samples preserved using heat-assisted PEF from several producers in Indonesia. Results Milk samples were collected consisting of raw milk, milks taken after the heating, PEF, mixing, cooling, and packaging. Microbiological and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection for virulence genes were performed. Heat-assisted PEF treatment gave 2.7–7.47 log reduction for TPC; 1.6–2.56 log reduction for MPN number; 3.13–6.48 log reduction for S. aureus; and for B. cereus there was an increase of 0.76 log and a reduction of 0.46 log. While milk samples from thermal pasteurization gave log reduction numbers of TPC, MPN, and S. aureus respectively 5.28; 2.56; and 4.73, for B. cereus was increasing 2.4 log. Producer C performed the best results with significant reduction compared with others (p < 0.005). There were no colonies of L. monocytogenes found in all of the samples. PCR results showed that milk samples possessed virulence genes 17.5% (10/57) of invA genes, 54.4% (31/57) of nheA genes, 68.4% (39/57) of cytK genes, 38.6% (22/57) of nuc genes, 63.2% (36/57) of ileS genes, while hly and actA genes were not detected. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05805-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suci Yuliangsih
- Indonesian Food and Drug Authority, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 23, Jakarta Pusat, 10560, Indonesia.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Yogiara
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
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Vanessa V, Waturangi DE. Quantification of anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of Phyllosphere bacteria against food spoilage bacteria. Nova Biotechnol Chim 2021. [DOI: 10.36547/nbc.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food spoilage and microbial contamination require attention during the food production process since the presence of these bacteria can create problems including the formation of biofilms produced by these bacteria. Biofilm formations are initiated through cell-to-cell communication which is called quorum sensing mechanism. Hence, inhibition of this communication mechanism could be one of the solutions to inhibit biofilm formation. Therefore, exploration of bioactive compounds from various sources including hyllosphere bacteria with anti-quorum sensing inhibition activities is important. Phyllosphere bacteria are a community of bacteria found on the surface of plant leaves at a very large population. These bacteria can produce bioactive compounds that can inhibit quorum sensing mechanism. In this study, 54 phyllosphere bacteria isolates were tested, 8 bacterial isolates had potential effect to inhibit quorum sensing. From biofilm inhibition assay, the highest percentages were showed by ifferent phyllosphere isolates against each pathogen. Whereas, for biofilm destruction assay, JB 8F isolate had the highest percentage of destruction biofilm activity against biofilm formed by Bacillus cereus and Shewanella putrefaciens. Eight isolates of phyllosphere bacteria had the potential as quorum quencher and anti-biofilm agents, both for inhibition and destruction of biofilm.
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Waturangi DE, Kasriady CP, Guntama G, Sahulata AM, Lestari D, Magdalena S. Application of bacteriophage as food preservative to control enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:336. [PMID: 34454578 PMCID: PMC8403459 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to characterize lytic bacteriophages infecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) on several types of food and analyze their ability as phage biocontrol to be used as a food preservative. Characterization was done for bacteriophage morphology and stability, along with the determination of minimum multiplicity of infection (miMOI), and application of bacteriophage in the food matrix. Results Out of the five samples, BL EPEC bacteriophage exhibited the highest titer of 2.05 × 109 PFU/mL, with a wide range of pH tolerance, and high thermal tolerance. BL EPEC also showed the least reduction after 168 h of incubation, with a rate of 0.90 × 10–3 log10 per hour. Bacteriophages from BL EPEC and CS EPEC showed an ideal value of miMOI of 0.01. As a food preservative, BL EPEC bacteriophage was able to reduce bacteria in food samples with a reduction above 0.24 log10 in lettuce and approximately 1.84 log10 in milk. From this study we found that BL EPEC bacteriophage showed the greatest potential to be used as phage biocontrol to improve food safety
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Cecillia Pingkan Kasriady
- Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Geofany Guntama
- Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amelinda Minerva Sahulata
- Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Lestari
- Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stella Magdalena
- Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Solihin J, Waturangi DE, Purwadaria T. Induction of amylase and protease as antibiofilm agents by starch, casein, and yeast extract in Arthrobacter sp. CW01. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:232. [PMID: 34425755 PMCID: PMC8381481 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In unfavourable environment, such as nutrient limitation, some bacteria encased themselves into a three dimensional polymer matrix called biofilm. The majority of microbial infections in human are biofilm related, including chronic lung, wound, and ear infections. The matrix of biofilm which consists of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) causes bacterial colonization on medical implanted device in patients, such as catheter and lead to patient's death. Biofilm infections are harder to treat due to increasing antibiotic resistance compared to planktonic microbial cells and escalating the antibiotic concentration may result into in vivo toxicity for the patients. Special compounds which are non-microbicidal that could inhibit or destroy biofilm formation are called antibiofilm compounds, for example enzymes, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-adhesins. Arthrobacter sp. CW01 produced antibiofilm compound known as amylase. This time our preliminary study proved that the antibiofilm compound was not only amylase, but also protease. Therefore, this research aimed to optimize the production of antibiofilm agents using amylase and protease inducing media. The five types of production media used in this research were brain heart infusion (BHI) (Oxoid), BHI with starch (BHIS), casein with starch (CS), yeast extract with starch (YS), and casein-yeast extract with starch (CYS). Biofilm eradication and inhibition activities were assayed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923). RESULTS The results showed that different production media influenced the antibiofilm activity. Addition of starch, casein and yeast extract increased the production of amylase and protease significantly. Higher amylase activity would gradually increase the antibiofilm activity until it reached the certain optimum point. It was shown that crude extracts which contained amylase only (BHI, BHIS and YS) had the optimum eradication activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm around 60-70 %. Meanwhile, CS and CYS crude extracts which contained both amylase and protease increased the biofilm eradication activity against both pathogens, which were around 70-90 %. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the combination of amylase and protease was more effective as antibiofilm agents against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus rather than amylase only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrine Solihin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Master Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Tresnawati Purwadaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Miller T, Waturangi DE, Purwadaria T. Screening and characterization of cellulolytic molds from empty fruit bunches and soils in palm oil plantation area in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:249. [PMID: 34193252 PMCID: PMC8244140 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This research was aimed to isolate cellulolytic molds in empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) and soils from palm oil plantation area and identify their enzyme activities to digest EFBOP. Results A total of seven molds were successfully isolated and screened for their enzyme activities from EFBOP and the soils. The enzymes from each isolate were produced in submerged culture using Mineral Mandels and 3% of alkali pretreated pollard in triplicates. The results indicated that all of the isolates were able to hydrolyze Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Whatmann No. 1 filter paper, and also EFBOP to sugars with reducing ends that reacted to 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). The CMCase activity of isolate X showed the highest while the lowest was found for isolate MT8. Filter paperase (FPase) activity of isolate X performed the highest wile the lowest were found from isolate MT3 and MT6. The saccharification activity of isolate P showed the highest while MT6 performed the lowest activity Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05668-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Miller
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Tresnawati Purwadaria
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
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Nathalia O, Waturangi DE. Extract from phyllosphere bacteria with antibiofilm and quorum quenching activity to control several fish pathogenic bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:202. [PMID: 34034823 PMCID: PMC8146661 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this research were to screen quorum quenching activity compound from phyllosphere bacteria as well as antibiofilm activity against several fish pathogen bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi. Results We found eight phyllosphere bacteria isolates with potential quorum quenching activity to inhibit Chromobacterium violaceum as indicator bacteria. Crude extracts (20 mg/mL) showed various antibiofilm activity against fish pathogenic bacteria used in this study. Isolate JB 17B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation of A. hydrophila and V. harveyi, meanwhile isolate JB 3B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm of S. agalactiae. From destruction assay, isolate JB 8F showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of A. hydrophila isolate JB 20B showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of V. harveyi, isolate JB 17B also showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nathalia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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Mulya E, Waturangi DE. Screening and quantification of anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of Actinomycetes isolates against food spoilage biofilm-forming bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:1. [PMID: 33386072 PMCID: PMC7777393 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilms can form in many industries, one of them is the food industry. The formation of biofilms in this industry could cause immense economic losses and endanger public health. Biofilms formation is mainly triggered by quorum sensing. Therefore, inhibition of quorum sensing could be an innovative approach to inhibit the formation of biofilms. One way to inhibit quorum sensing is by using anti-quorum sensing compounds. Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that is acknowledged to produce these compounds. Results There were eight crude extracts of Actinomycetes isolates that showed promising anti-quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum. The concentration of the crude extracts was 20 mg/mL. All the crude extracts showed no antibacterial activity against food spoilage bacteria, except for crude extracts of isolate 18 PM that showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. They also showed various antibiofilm activity, both inhibition and destruction. The highest inhibition and destruction activity sequentially was done by crude extracts of isolate 12 AC with 89.60% against Bacillus cereus and crude extracts of isolate SW03 with 93.06% against Shewanella putrefaciens. Conclusions Actinomycetes isolates that isolated from different regions in Indonesia can be used as potential candidates to overcome biofilms formed by food spoilage bacteria using their ability to produce anti-quorum sensing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Mulya
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Cisauk-Lapan No. 10, Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang, Banten, 15345, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Cisauk-Lapan No. 10, Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang, Banten, 15345, Indonesia.
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Yulandi A, Suwanto A, Waturangi DE, Wahyudi AT. Shotgun metagenomic analysis reveals new insights into bacterial community profiles in tempeh. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:562. [PMID: 33308279 PMCID: PMC7731626 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amplicon sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has been widely used to profile the microbial community from fermented food samples. However, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps on amplicon sequencing analysis and intragenomic heterogeneity within 16S rRNA are believed to contribute to bias in estimating microbial community composition. As potential paraprobiotics sources, a comprehensive profiling study of tempeh microbial ecology could contribute to tempeh product development. This study employed a shotgun metagenomic approach, where metagenome fragments from tempeh samples were sequenced directly for taxonomic and functional profiling analysis. RESULTS Taxonomic profiling showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla from the shotgun metagenomic analysis in all tempeh samples. In terms of composition, this shotgun metagenomic study revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. Functional profiling showed that iron complex outer-membrane recepter protein (KEGG ID: K02014) was the most transcribed gene based on this metagenomic analysis. The metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) results from the binning pipeline could reveal almost complete whole genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus cecorum, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yulandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Gedung Biologi. Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Suwanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Gedung Biologi. Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, 12930, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aris Tri Wahyudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Gedung Biologi. Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
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Raissa G, Waturangi DE, Wahjuningrum D. Screening of antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activty of Actinomycetes isolates extracts against aquaculture pathogenic bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:343. [PMID: 33183221 PMCID: PMC7661212 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indonesia is the third largest producer of fish and other aquaculture products in the world, making this industry a major contributor in the economy of Indonesia. However, this industry continually overcome challenges, one of them are bacterial outbreaks. In addition, the emergence of these bacterial outbreaks were worsen due to the biofilm produced by many significant pathogenic bacteria and the impact of increased antibiotic resistance. These issues have become a global concern, because antibiotics are currently one of the main treatments available to overcome this problems. Therefore, studies aimed at finding and characterizing bioactive compounds to combat these issues. In this study actinomycetes isolates were screened and characterized for their bioactive compounds produced which have inhibitory and destructive activity and also QS inhibitors against biofilm structure of aquatic pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio harveyi, A. hydrophila, and S. agalactiae. Result Extracts (20 mg/mL) produced by sixteen Actinomycetes isolates showed anti-quorum sensing activity towards reporter stain Chromobacterium violaceum wild-type. Most of these extracts showed better inhibitory activity on all of the pathogenic bacteria biofilm structure tested than the destructive activity on the preformed of those biofilm structure. Subsequently, we also performed characterization of bioactive compound and found that in this study, polysaccharide is the most common antibiofilm agents, which were responsible to their antibiofilm activity. Finally, we found that the value of LC50 of all extracts tested were more than 1 mg/mL, thereby all of extracts tested did not show cyto-toxic effect against Artemia salina. Conclusion All of the extracts of Actinomycetes isolates showed promising inhibitory activity towards biofilm structure of pathogenic bacteria tested. So far, all of the extracts are potential to be QS inhibitors and antibiofilm agents of all pathogenic bacteria tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Raissa
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Dinamella Wahjuningrum
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Raya Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
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Lukman C, Yonathan C, Magdalena S, Waturangi DE. Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteriophages from chicken and beef offal. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31907069 PMCID: PMC6945691 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages for pathogenic Escherichia coli from chicken and beef offal, and analyze their capability as biocontrol for several foodborne pathogens. Methods done in this research are bacteriophage isolation, purification, titer determination, application, determination of host range and minimum multiplicity of infection (miMOI), and bacteriophage morphology. RESULTS Six bacteriophages successfully isolated from chicken and beef offal using EPEC and EHEC as host strain. Bacteriophage titers observed between 109 and 1010 PFU mL-1. CS EPEC and BL EHEC bacteriophage showed high efficiency in reduction of EPEC or EHEC contamination in meat about 99.20% and 99.04%. The lowest miMOI was 0.01 showed by CS EPEC bacteriophage. CI EPEC and BL EPEC bacteriophage suspected as Myoviridae family based on its micrograph from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Refers to their activity, bacteriophages isolated in this study have a great potential to be used as biocontrol against several foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celosia Lukman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Christopher Yonathan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Stella Magdalena
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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Theodora NA, Dominika V, Waturangi DE. Screening and quantification of anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activities of phyllosphere bacteria against biofilm forming bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:732. [PMID: 31699135 PMCID: PMC6839195 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this research were to screen anti-quorum sensing activity of phyllosphere bacteria and quantify their antibiofilm activity against biofilm forming bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Results We found 11 phyllosphere bacteria isolates with potential anti-quorum sensing activity. Most of the crude extracts from phyllosphere bacteria isolates had anti-quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum at certain concentration (20 and 10 mg/mL), but not crude extract from isolate JB 7F. Crude extract showed the largest turbid zone (1,27 cm) using isolate JB 14B with concentration of 10 mg/mL and the narrowest turbid zone isolate (1 cm) using JB 18B with concentration of 10 mg/mL. Crude extracts showed various antibiofilm activities against all tested pathogenic bacteria, it showed the highest biofilm inhibition (90%) and destruction activities (76%) against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Amabel Theodora
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, 12930, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vania Dominika
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, 12930, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jenderal Sudirman 51 Street, South Jakarta, 12930, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Nababan H, Rahayu WP, Waturangi DE, Suratmono S, Puspitasari R, Indrotristanto N, Nikastri E, Yuliangsih S, Pusparini N. Critical points and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in iced beverage processing lines. J Infect Dev Ctries 2017; 11:493-500. [PMID: 30951510 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ice can be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify critical points in iced beverage production and distribution lines to examine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a beverage and its processing environment, as well as when water and ice used as main ingredients. METHODOLOGY The critical points were determined using the principles of Hazard Analytical Critical Control Point (HACCP) to analyze each processing and distribution step from the survey. Samples collected from the points of concern based on the critical points that were found were tested for pathogens by conventional method and molecular method using primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Escherichia coli was found in 6.34% of samples, and 0.7% of them were confirmed as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by PCR. Vibrio cholerae was found in in 0.7% of water samples used to make iced beverages and in ice production, as well as in 2.12% of distribution and production tools. Salmonella Typhimurium was found in 1.4% of water samples used to make ice and ice products. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 2.02% of the surfaces of ice distribution and production tools and in 5.05% of production and distribution workers' hands. S. aureus counts ranged from 2.4×102 - 3.5×102 colonies/100 cm² surface area and 1.9×10¹ - 3.7×102 colonies/workers' hands. CONCLUSION Control on many critical points in iced beverage processing and distribution is required so that the beverages are safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Nababan
- National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Winiati Pudji Rahayu
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Nikastri
- National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Suci Yuliangsih
- National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Novi Pusparini
- National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Waturangi DE, Amadeus S, Kelvianto YE. Survival of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in frozen and chilled foods. J Infect Dev Ctries 2015; 9:837-43. [PMID: 26322875 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and Vibrio cholerae are common bacteria that infect people in developing countries. Nowadays, food preservation by freezing and refrigeration are very common practices that extend the shelf life of food products. Unfortunately, EAEC and V. cholerae are suspected to survive at low temperatures. METHODOLOGY Various foods and beverages used as samples were artificially inoculated with EAEC and V. cholerae pure colonies and incubated at room temperature (27°C), refrigeration temperature (4°C), and frozen temperature (-20°C) for one week, two weeks, one month, two months, and three months. The survival of these bacteria was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers to detect their virulence genes (aggR for EAEC and toxR for V. cholerae) that represent the presence of these bacteria. RESULTS This study showed that EAEC was able to survive in all food samples used in this study for at least three months under room temperature, refrigeration temperature, and frozen temperature. V. cholerae had poor survival in almost all food samples over two months under room temperature and over three months under refrigeration temperature. V. cholerae was able to survive in all food samples for at least three months under frozen temperature. CONCLUSIONS The survival of EAEC and V. cholerae in this study should increase our awareness of how hazardous these bacteria are. Therefore, in order to improve food safety and hygiene, advanced preservation and sterilization methods should be discovered to prevent contamination with and survival of EAEC and V. cholerae.
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Waturangi DE, Schwarz S, Suwanto A, Kehrenberg C, Erdelen W. Identification of a truncated Tn1721-like transposon located on a small plasmid of Escherichia coli isolated from Varanus indicus. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2003; 50:86-9. [PMID: 12675900 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The 9.1 kb plasmid pDEWT1 was isolated from an Escherichia coli strain obtained from the faeces of a free-living lizard (Varanus indicus) in Indonesia. This plasmid mediated tetracycline resistance via a tet gene of hybridization class A. Molecular analysis of a 7755 bp segment of plasmid pDEWT1 including the tetR-tet(A) region and its flanking areas suggested that pDEWT1 harboured a truncated copy of the tet(A)-carrying transposon Tn1721 in which the part responsible for chemotaxis and transposition functions was lost. Analysis of the sequences at the integration site revealed the presence of the 5-bp direct repeat TACTT. The sequences upstream and downstream of the integration site showed striking homology to sequences of a non-coding region detectable on a small cryptic plasmid from Yersinia enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Waturangi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, IUC Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
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