Facteurs associés à une issue défavorable chez les brûlés hospitalisés

BACKGROUND

In 2015, Médecins Sans Frontières opened the Arche Kigobe Trauma Centre in Bujumbura, Burundi, to treat victims of violence, and in 2016 extended the admission criteria to burns, without a specialised unit to treat these.

OBJECTIVE

To study the factors associated with an unfavourable outcome (death, referrals and discharges against medical advice) in burn patients hospitalised at this centre.

METHOD

This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of hospitalised burn patients.

RESULTS

From 2016 to 2020, 477 patients were hospitalised at the Centre for burns, of whom 301 (63%) were less than 5 years old, 169 (35%) were female, and 48 (10%) had an unfavourable outcome. Anaemia (OR 11, 95% CI 2.7-48), infection (OR 11, 95% CI 5.7-22), and smoke inhalation (OR 28, 95% CI 7-111) were among the main factors associated with an unfavourable outcome.

CONCLUSION

To minimise adverse outcomes related to inhalation and infection in burn patients, a septic isolation circuit, training, a bacteriology service and continuous positive airway pressure could be implemented even in resource-limited settings.

Facteurs associés à la létalité chez les patients hospitalisés pour le VIH avancé

CONTEXT

A unit supported by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) cares for patients with advanced HIV at Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the factors associated with the occurrence of death in patients hospitalised in the unit between 2017 and 2021.

DESIGN

This was a retrospective analysis of routine data from patients hospitalised with advanced HIV.

RESULTS

A total of 3,718 patients were included, with a median age of 40 years (IQR 33-51), of whom 2,241 (60.3%) were women. The mean mortality rate was 33.6% (n = 1,240), down from 40% in 2017 to 29% in 2021, but this was not statistically significant. The period most at risk of death was the first 25 days of hospitalisation. Among these patients, TB (43.8%) and toxoplasmosis (11.4%) were the most frequent diagnoses. After multivariate analysis using Cox regression, the factors associated with death were age 25-49 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.60; P = 0.002) or ≥50 years (aHR 1.80; P < 0.001), the presence of respiratory (aHR 1.23; P = 0.001) or abdominal symptoms (aHR 1.26; P < 0.001) and readmission (aHR 0.54; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Patients aged 25-49 years or older, or those presenting with respiratory or abdominal signs require increased surveillance, as they are at the greatest risk of dying from the disease, especially during the first 25 days of hospitalisation.

Reference des cas de traumatisme par arme à feu en Afrique

BACKGROUND

In a war-torn African country, Médecins Sans Frontières supports two regional referral hospitals to address emergencies, including the treatment of firearm-related traumas. It facilitates access to healthcare and referrals, which are often hindered due to non-medical reasons.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the factors influencing the unfavourable outcome of cases referred for firearm trauma (December 2020-November 2021).

METHOD

This was a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.

RESULTS

A total of 381 patients who were victims of firearm-related trauma were admitted, with an average age of 29 years; 28.3% had severe injuries, including thoraco-abdominal injuries and fractures. The mortality rate was 4.9%, and 7.9% left against medical advice. Patients affiliated with the irregular armed forces accounted for 45.4%, and had a two-thirds higher rate of unsuccessful referral for non-medical reasons. Patients with severe injuries at triage, affiliation with the irregular forces and being in the regular army had 2 times (P < 0.01), 5.9 times (P < 0.01) and 8.1 times (P < 0.01), respectively, a higher risk of an unfavourable outcome.

CONCLUSION

Serious cases caused by firearm injuries were more likely to have an adverse outcome. The risk was higher in those with a specific affiliation, who were more often denied access to higher referral care based on socio-political rather than medical reasons.