1
|
Smarra C, Goncharov B, Barausse E, Antoniadis J, Babak S, Nielsen ASB, Bassa CG, Berthereau A, Bonetti M, Bortolas E, Brook PR, Burgay M, Caballero RN, Chalumeau A, Champion DJ, Chanlaridis S, Chen S, Cognard I, Desvignes G, Falxa M, Ferdman RD, Franchini A, Gair JR, Graikou E, Grießmeier JM, Guillemot L, Guo YJ, Hu H, Iraci F, Izquierdo-Villalba D, Jang J, Jawor J, Janssen GH, Jessner A, Karuppusamy R, Keane EF, Keith MJ, Kramer M, Krishnakumar MA, Lackeos K, Lee KJ, Liu K, Liu Y, Lyne AG, McKee JW, Main RA, Mickaliger MB, Niţu IC, Parthasarathy A, Perera BBP, Perrodin D, Petiteau A, Porayko NK, Possenti A, Leclere HQ, Samajdar A, Sanidas SA, Sesana A, Shaifullah G, Speri L, Spiewak R, Stappers BW, Susarla SC, Theureau G, Tiburzi C, van der Wateren E, Vecchio A, Krishnan VV, Wang J, Wang L, Wu Z. Second Data Release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: Challenging the Ultralight Dark Matter Paradigm. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:171001. [PMID: 37955508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulsar Timing Array experiments probe the presence of possible scalar or pseudoscalar ultralight dark matter particles through decade-long timing of an ensemble of galactic millisecond radio pulsars. With the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array, we focus on the most robust scenario, in which dark matter interacts only gravitationally with ordinary baryonic matter. Our results show that ultralight particles with masses 10^{-24.0} eV≲m≲10^{-23.3} eV cannot constitute 100% of the measured local dark matter density, but can have at most local density ρ≲0.3 GeV/cm^{3}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Smarra
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Trieste
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris Goncharov
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Enrico Barausse
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Trieste
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Antoniadis
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Babak
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - A-S Bak Nielsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C G Bassa
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - A Berthereau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - M Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - E Bortolas
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - P R Brook
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Burgay
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - R N Caballero
- Hellenic Open University, School of Science and Technology, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - A Chalumeau
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D J Champion
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Chanlaridis
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - S Chen
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - I Cognard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - G Desvignes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Falxa
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - R D Ferdman
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Franchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Muühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - E Graikou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J-M Grießmeier
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - L Guillemot
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - Y J Guo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Hu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Iraci
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Universitá di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Fisica, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - D Izquierdo-Villalba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - J Jang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Jawor
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - G H Janssen
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jessner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Karuppusamy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - E F Keane
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - M J Keith
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M A Krishnakumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Lackeos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K J Lee
- Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
| | - K Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Liu
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - A G Lyne
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J W McKee
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Centre of Excellence for Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Modelling (DAIM), University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - R A Main
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M B Mickaliger
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - I C Niţu
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Parthasarathy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - B B P Perera
- Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612
| | - D Perrodin
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - A Petiteau
- Université Paris Cité CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N K Porayko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Possenti
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | | | - A Samajdar
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S A Sanidas
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Sesana
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 20, I-20121 Milano, Italy
| | - G Shaifullah
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - L Speri
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Muühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Spiewak
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B W Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S C Susarla
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe-University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - G Theureau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 18330 Nançay, France
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories LUTh, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - C Tiburzi
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - E van der Wateren
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Vecchio
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Wang
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - L Wang
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Z Wu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan VV, Bailes M, van Straten W, Wex N, Freire PCC, Keane EF, Tauris TM, Rosado PA, Bhat NDR, Flynn C, Jameson A, Osłowski S. Lense-Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system. Science 2020; 367:577-580. [PMID: 32001656 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax7007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radio pulsars in short-period eccentric binary orbits can be used to study both gravitational dynamics and binary evolution. The binary system containing PSR J1141-6545 includes a massive white dwarf (WD) companion that formed before the gravitationally bound young radio pulsar. We observed a temporal evolution of the orbital inclination of this pulsar that we infer is caused by a combination of a Newtonian quadrupole moment and Lense-Thirring (LT) precession of the orbit resulting from rapid rotation of the WD. LT precession, an effect of relativistic frame dragging, is a prediction of general relativity. This detection is consistent with an evolutionary scenario in which the WD accreted matter from the pulsar progenitor, spinning up the WD to a period of <200 seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Venkatraman Krishnan
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Bailes
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - W van Straten
- Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - N Wex
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - P C C Freire
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - E F Keane
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Square Kilometer Array Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, UK
| | - T M Tauris
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - P A Rosado
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - N D R Bhat
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - C Flynn
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - A Jameson
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - S Osłowski
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stappers BW, Keane EF, Kramer M, Possenti A, Stairs IH. The prospects of pulsar timing with new-generation radio telescopes and the Square Kilometre Array. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0293. [PMID: 29661980 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulsars are highly magnetized and rapidly rotating neutron stars. As they spin, the lighthouse-like beam of radio emission from their magnetic poles sweeps across the Earth with a regularity approaching that of the most precise clocks known. This precision combined with the extreme environments in which they are found, often in compact orbits with other neutron stars and white dwarfs, makes them excellent tools for studying gravity. Present and near-future pulsar surveys, especially those using the new generation of telescopes, will find more extreme binary systems and pulsars that are more precise 'clocks'. These telescopes will also greatly improve the precision to which we can measure the arrival times of the pulses. The Square Kilometre Array will revolutionize pulsar searches and timing precision. The increased number of sources will reveal rare sources, including possibly a pulsar-black hole binary, which can provide the most stringent tests of strong-field gravity. The improved timing precision will reveal new phenomena and also allow us to make a detection of gravitational waves in the nanohertz frequency regime. It is here where we expect to see the signature of the binary black holes that are formed as galaxies merge throughout cosmological history.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The promises of gravitational-wave astronomy'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - E F Keane
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- SKA Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK
| | - M Kramer
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Possenti
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - I H Stairs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravi V, Shannon RM, Bailes M, Bannister K, Bhandari S, Bhat NDR, Burke-Spolaor S, Caleb M, Flynn C, Jameson A, Johnston S, Keane EF, Kerr M, Tiburzi C, Tuntsov AV, Vedantham HK. The magnetic field and turbulence of the cosmic web measured using a brilliant fast radio burst. Science 2016; 354:1249-1252. [PMID: 27856844 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration events thought to originate beyond the Milky Way galaxy. Uncertainty surrounding the burst sources, and their propagation through intervening plasma, has limited their use as cosmological probes. We report on a mildly dispersed (dispersion measure 266.5 ± 0.1 parsecs per cubic centimeter), exceptionally intense (120 ± 30 janskys), linearly polarized, scintillating burst (FRB 150807) that we directly localize to 9 square arc minutes. On the basis of a low Faraday rotation (12.0 ± 0.7 radians per square meter), we infer negligible magnetization in the circum-burst plasma and constrain the net magnetization of the cosmic web along this sightline to <21 nanogauss, parallel to the line-of-sight. The burst scintillation suggests weak turbulence in the ionized intergalactic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Ravi
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, MC249-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - R M Shannon
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. .,International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - M Bailes
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - K Bannister
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
| | - S Bhandari
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - N D R Bhat
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - S Burke-Spolaor
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Array Operations Center, Post Office Box 0, Socorro, NM 87801-0387, USA
| | - M Caleb
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2611, Australia
| | - C Flynn
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - A Jameson
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - S Johnston
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
| | - E F Keane
- Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, SK11 9DL, UK
| | - M Kerr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
| | - C Tiburzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - A V Tuntsov
- Manly Astrophysics, 3/22 Cliff Street, Manly NSW 2095, Australia
| | - H K Vedantham
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, MC249-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keane EF, Johnston S, Bhandari S, Barr E, Bhat NDR, Burgay M, Caleb M, Flynn C, Jameson A, Kramer M, Petroff E, Possenti A, van Straten W, Bailes M, Burke-Spolaor S, Eatough RP, Stappers BW, Totani T, Honma M, Furusawa H, Hattori T, Morokuma T, Niino Y, Sugai H, Terai T, Tominaga N, Yamasaki S, Yasuda N, Allen R, Cooke J, Jencson J, Kasliwal MM, Kaplan DL, Tingay SJ, Williams A, Wayth R, Chandra P, Perrodin D, Berezina M, Mickaliger M, Bassa C. The host galaxy of a fast radio burst. Nature 2016; 530:453-6. [PMID: 26911781 DOI: 10.1038/nature17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, millisecond-duration radio signals originating in distant galaxies appear to have been discovered in the so-called fast radio bursts. These signals are dispersed according to a precise physical law and this dispersion is a key observable quantity, which, in tandem with a redshift measurement, can be used for fundamental physical investigations. Every fast radio burst has a dispersion measurement, but none before now have had a redshift measurement, because of the difficulty in pinpointing their celestial coordinates. Here we report the discovery of a fast radio burst and the identification of a fading radio transient lasting ~6 days after the event, which we use to identify the host galaxy; we measure the galaxy's redshift to be z = 0.492 ± 0.008. The dispersion measure and redshift, in combination, provide a direct measurement of the cosmic density of ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium of ΩIGM = 4.9 ± 1.3 per cent, in agreement with the expectation from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, and including all of the so-called 'missing baryons'. The ~6-day radio transient is largely consistent with the radio afterglow of a short γ-ray burst, and its existence and timescale do not support progenitor models such as giant pulses from pulsars, and supernovae. This contrasts with the interpretation of another recently discovered fast radio burst, suggesting that there are at least two classes of bursts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Keane
- Square Kilometre Array Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, SK11 9DL, UK.,Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - S Johnston
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - S Bhandari
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - E Barr
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - N D R Bhat
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - M Burgay
- Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - M Caleb
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia
| | - C Flynn
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - A Jameson
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.,Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - E Petroff
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - A Possenti
- Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - W van Straten
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - M Bailes
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - S Burke-Spolaor
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
| | - R P Eatough
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - B W Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T Totani
- Department of Astronomy, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Honma
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for the Advanced Study), Osawa, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Furusawa
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - T Hattori
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - T Morokuma
- Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan.,Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Niino
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2 Chome-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Sugai
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Terai
- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - N Tominaga
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - S Yamasaki
- Department of Astronomy, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Yasuda
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - R Allen
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - J Cooke
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Mail H29, PO Box 218, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia
| | - J Jencson
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Kasliwal
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D L Kaplan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - S J Tingay
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - A Williams
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - R Wayth
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Australia.,International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - P Chandra
- National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - D Perrodin
- Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
| | - M Berezina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Mickaliger
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - C Bassa
- ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eatough RP, Falcke H, Karuppusamy R, Lee KJ, Champion DJ, Keane EF, Desvignes G, Schnitzeler DHFM, Spitler LG, Kramer M, Klein B, Bassa C, Bower GC, Brunthaler A, Cognard I, Deller AT, Demorest PB, Freire PCC, Kraus A, Lyne AG, Noutsos A, Stappers B, Wex N. A strong magnetic field around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Galaxy. Nature 2013; 501:391-4. [PMID: 23945588 DOI: 10.1038/nature12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Earth's nearest candidate supermassive black hole lies at the centre of the Milky Way. Its electromagnetic emission is thought to be powered by radiatively inefficient accretion of gas from its environment, which is a standard mode of energy supply for most galactic nuclei. X-ray measurements have already resolved a tenuous hot gas component from which the black hole can be fed. The magnetization of the gas, however, which is a crucial parameter determining the structure of the accretion flow, remains unknown. Strong magnetic fields can influence the dynamics of accretion, remove angular momentum from the infalling gas, expel matter through relativistic jets and lead to synchrotron emission such as that previously observed. Here we report multi-frequency radio measurements of a newly discovered pulsar close to the Galactic Centre and show that the pulsar's unusually large Faraday rotation (the rotation of the plane of polarization of the emission in the presence of an external magnetic field) indicates that there is a dynamically important magnetic field near the black hole. If this field is accreted down to the event horizon it provides enough magnetic flux to explain the observed emission--from radio to X-ray wavelengths--from the black hole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Eatough
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Keane EF. Another way to administer antiepileptic medications in infants and children. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 1993; 18:270-4. [PMID: 8264353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E F Keane
- Newington Children's Hospital, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|