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Knight AL, Barros-Parada W, Bosch D, Escudero-Colomar LA, Fuentes-Contreras E, Hernández-Sánchez J, Jung C, Kim Y, Kovanci OB, Levi A, Lo P, Molinari F, Valls J, Gemeno C. Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bull Entomol Res 2015; 105:23-31. [PMID: 25234707 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The response of Grapholita molesta (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% E-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% E-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% E-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% E-blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% E-blend, and the 30.4>100.1% E-blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% E-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive E-blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Knight
- USDA,ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951,USA
| | - W Barros-Parada
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias,Universidad de Talca,Casilla 747, Talca,Chile
| | - D Bosch
- UdL-IRTA,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | | | | | - J Hernández-Sánchez
- IHBI,Queensland University of Technology,60 Musk Ave/cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059,Australia
| | | | - Y Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences,Andong National University,Andong 760-749,Republic of Korea
| | - O B Kovanci
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection,Uludag University,Gorukle Kampusu 16059 Bursa,Turkey
| | - A Levi
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | - P Lo
- Plant and Food Research,Hawkes Bay, 4157 Havelock North,New Zealand
| | - F Molinari
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Institute,Catholic University of Sacro Cuore,Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza,Italy
| | - J Valls
- Biostatistics Unit. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA),Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAV),C/ Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | - C Gemeno
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
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Rubiano-Rodríguez JA, Fuentes-Contreras E, Figueroa CC, Margaritopoulos JT, Briones LM, Ramírez CC. Genetic diversity and insecticide resistance during the growing season in the green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on primary and secondary hosts: a farm-scale study in Central Chile. Bull Entomol Res 2014; 104:182-194. [PMID: 24484894 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531300062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal dynamics of neutral genetic diversity and the insecticide resistance mechanisms of insect pests at the farm scale are still poorly documented. Here this was addressed in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Central Chile. Samples were collected from an insecticide sprayed peach (Prunus persica L.) orchard (primary host), and a sweet-pepper (Capsicum annum var. grossum L.) field (secondary host). In addition, aphids from weeds (secondary hosts) growing among these crops were also sampled. Many unique multilocus genotypes were found on peach trees, while secondary hosts were colonized mostly by the six most common genotypes, which were predominantly sensitive to insecticides. In both fields, a small but significant genetic differentiation was found between aphids on the crops vs. their weeds. Within-season comparisons showed genetic differentiation between early and late season samples from peach, as well as for weeds in the peach orchard. The knock-down resistance (kdr) mutation was detected mostly in the heterozygote state, often associated with modified acetylcholinesterase throughout the season for both crops. This mutation was found in high frequency, mainly in the peach orchard. The super-kdr mutation was found in very low frequencies in both crops. This study provides farm-scale evidence that the aphid M. persicae can be composed of slightly different genetic groups between contiguous populations of primary and secondary hosts exhibiting different dynamics of insecticide resistance through the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Fuentes-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - C C Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - J T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou Street, 412 21 Larissa, Greece
| | - L M Briones
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - C C Ramírez
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Zepeda-Paulo FA, Simon JC, Ramírez CC, Fuentes-Contreras E, Margaritopoulos JT, Wilson ACC, Sorenson CE, Briones LM, Azevedo R, Ohashi DV, Lacroix C, Glais L, Figueroa CC. The invasion route for an insect pest species: the tobacco aphid in the New World. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4738-52. [PMID: 20958814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are rapid evolutionary events in which populations are usually subject to a founder event during introduction followed by rapid adaptation to the new environment. Molecular tools and Bayesian approaches have shown their utility in exploring different evolutionary scenarios regarding the invasion routes of introduced species. We examined the situation for the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae, a recently introduced aphid species in Chile. Using seven microsatellite loci and approximate Bayesian computation, we studied populations of the tobacco aphid sampled from several American and European countries, identifying the most likely source populations and tracking the route of introduction to Chile. Our population genetic data are consistent with available historical information, pointing to an introduction route of the tobacco aphid from Europe and/or from other putative populations (e.g. Asia) with subsequent introduction through North America to South America. Evidence of multiple introductions to North America from different genetic pools, with successive loss of genetic diversity from Europe towards North America and a strong bottleneck during the southward introduction to South America, was also found. Additionally, we examined the special case of a widespread multilocus genotype that was found in all American countries examined. This case provides further evidence for the existence of highly successful genotypes or 'superclones' in asexually reproducing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Zepeda-Paulo
- Instituto de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Basoalto E, Miranda M, Knight AL, Fuentes-Contreras E. Landscape analysis of adult codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) distribution and dispersal within typical agroecosystems dominated by apple production in central Chile. Environ Entomol 2010; 39:1399-1408. [PMID: 22546434 DOI: 10.1603/en09371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the spatial distribution and dispersal of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), adults within two heterogeneous agroecosystems typical of central Chile: commercial apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards surrounded by various unmanaged host plants. Both a geostatistical analysis of catches of adult males with a grid of sex pheromone-baited traps and an immunological self-marking technique combined with traps baited with a male and female attractant were used. The spatial analyses identified the key sources of moths within these diverse landscapes. Codling moth catches in traps were spatially associated within distances of ≈ 150-300 m. Similarly, the mean distance from the immunological self-marking plots within the commercial apple orchard to the traps that captured marked adults was 282 m. In contrast, the mean distance in the capture of marked moths from unmanaged self-marking plots to a commercial orchard was 828 m. These data suggest that the success of any future area-wide management programs for codling moth in Chilean pome fruit must include a component for managing or removing noncommercial hosts that surround orchards. This analysis also suggests that the selection pressure for resistance imposed by insecticide sprays within managed orchards is likely dampened by the influx of susceptible moths from unmanaged sites common in central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Basoalto
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Lavandero B, Miranda M, Ramírez CC, Fuentes-Contreras E. Landscape composition modulates population genetic structure of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) on Malus domestica Borkh in central Chile. Bull Entomol Res 2009; 99:97-105. [PMID: 18947448 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485308006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Landscape genetics have been particularly relevant when assessing the influence of landscape characteristics on the genetic variability and the identification of barriers to gene flow. Linking current practices of area-wide pest management information on pest population genetics and geographical barriers would increase the efficiency of these programs. The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), an important pest of apple orchards worldwide, was collected on apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) from different locations in a 400 km north-south transect trough central Chile. In order to determine if there was population structure, diversity and flow were assessed. A total of 215 individuals from these locations were analysed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Four ISSR primers generated a total of 114 polymorphic loci. The percentage of molecular variation among locations was 18%. As the algorithm used by structure may be poorly suited for inferring the number of genetic clusters in a data set that has an IBD relationship, the number of genetic clusters in the samples was also analyzed using a Bayesian clustering method implemented in software Baps version 4.14. We inferred the presence of four genetic clusters in the study region. Clustering of individuals followed a pattern explained by some geographical barriers. Using partial Mantel tests, we detected barriers to gene flow other than distance, created by a combination of main rivers and mountains. Although landscape genetics are rarely used in pest management, our results suggest that these tools may be suitable for the design of area-wide pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lavandero
- Instituto de Biología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Fuentes-Contreras E, Figueroa CC, Reyes M, Briones LM, Niemeyer HM. Genetic diversity and insecticide resistance of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations from tobacco in Chile: evidence for the existence of a single predominant clone. Bull Entomol Res 2004; 94:11-8. [PMID: 14972045 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco-feeding race of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), formerly known as M. nicotianae Blackman, was introduced into Chile during the last decade. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity and insecticide resistance status of Chilean tobacco aphid populations, a field survey was conducted in 35 tobacco fields covering a 300 km latitudinal survey. The populations sampled were characterized using microsatellite markers and morphometric multivariate analysis. Insecticide resistance levels were assessed through a microplate esterase assay and the mutation status of the kdr gene. All samples collected corresponded to the same anholocyclic aphid genotype, and showed morphological variation within the range expected for the tobacco-feeding race of M. persicae. Esterase activity showed the level and variability expected for an R1 clone lacking mutations in the sodium channels (susceptible kdr), thus corresponding to a type slightly resistant to organophosphate and carbamate, and susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuentes-Contreras
- Departmento de Producción, Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Lagos NA, Fuentes-Contreras E, Bozinovic F, Niemeyer HM. Behavioural thermoregulation in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae): the effect of parasitism by Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J Therm Biol 2001; 26:133-137. [PMID: 11163929 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4565(00)00033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of parasitisation by Aphidius ervi on the thermoregulatory behaviour of the pea aphid Acyrtosiphon pisum were studied in alfalfa fields and in an experimental thermal gradient. In the field, mummies were found exclusively on the adaxial surface of the upper leaves, and aphids in the mid canopy. The adaxial surface of the upper leaves was ca. 2 degrees C hotter that the mid-canopy. In the thermal gradient, the thermal effect (selected minus exposure temperature) was higher in magnitude in non-parasitised than in parasitised aphids; the thermal effects of both types of aphids were linearly and negatively correlated with exposure temperature (i.e. aphids showed negative thermal sensitivity). The thermal sensitivity of parasitised aphids was lower than that of non-parasitised aphids. The results are discussed in relation to hypotheses on factors governing the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A. Lagos
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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