[The problem of molecular-genetic identification of sweat and grease deposits in the human fingerprints]

The objective of the present experimental molecular-genetic study of DNA contained in of human fingerprints was to establish the relationship between the reference genetic profiles and the genotypes of the individuals leaving their fingerprints on a smooth metal object. The biological material for the purpose of the investigation was sampled at different time intervals. The were taken using a scotch tape and used to obtain the complete genetic profile immediately after the fingerprints had been left as well as within the next 24 hours and one week. It proved impossible to identify the complete genetic profile one month after the fingerprints had been left. The alleles not typical for reference samples were identified within one week after swabbing the material from the metal surface. The results of the sudy can be explained by the decrease of the concentration of the initial DNA-matrix in the samples due to its degradation in the course of time. It is concluded that the parallel genetic analysis is needed if reliable evidence of identity of the profiles of interest or its absence is to be obtained.

[The forensic medical characteristics and assessment of the neck injuries resulting from intubation]

The objective of the present study was to detect injuries to the sublungual bone, larynx, and trachea resulting from intubation in the patients including those with the blunt neck trauma and to determine their character and localization. Another objective was the forensic medical evaluation of these injuries from the standpoint of harm to human health. A total of 80 cases of death from neck injuries were available for the analysis. These subjects underwent tracheal intubation prior to death that was performed either by an ambulance crew or in a hospital setting. Forty of these patients had the blunt neck trauma inflicted in the preceding period. It was shown that tracheal intubation leads in 60% of the patients to isolated or combined fractures of the sublingual bone, laryngeal and tracheal cartilages in the form of the injuries to the greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage, fissures in the arch of the cricoid cartilage, sometimes cracks and complete fractures of the tracheal cartilages, and breaks of the connections between the hyoid bone body and its greater horns. The scope of the injuries in the neck region is larger and their severity higher when intubation is performed in the patients with the blunt neck trauma compared with the subjects undergoing intubation in the absence of previous external injurious impacts. It is concluded that forensic medical expertise and examination of the corpses of the subjects who had undergone tracheal intubation prior to death coming should include the removal of the entire complex of the neck organs together with the unopened larynx and the cervical portion of the trachea. Differential diagnostics of the injuries inflicted by tracheal intubation following the blunt neck trauma should be performed only by means of the comprehensive assessment of the external defects and the fractures of the constituents of the hyoid-laryngeal-tracheal complex using the graphical and vector methods of analysis.