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Aniemeka DI, Ezeanosike E, Okanya C, Ireka OJ, Ogbonnaya CE, Adeke AS, Onyebuchi AN. Prevalence and Pattern of Eye Disorders Among Primary Schoolchildren in Abakaliki, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53385. [PMID: 38435209 PMCID: PMC10908202 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A child's learning ability depends on vision, and visual impairment negatively affects neurological, intellectual, and emotional development by limiting children's exposure to a range of experiences and information. This study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular morbidity among primary schoolchildren in Abakaliki and provide evidence that can be used in planning a school eye health program for the state. Methodology A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted within the Abakaliki metropolis between January and April 2018 to determine the ocular health status of schoolchildren recruited using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and presented using descriptive statistics. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables, with the level of significance determined by a p-value <0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI)). Results A total of 553 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years were examined. The prevalence of eye disorders was 23.5%. Common disorders included refractive error (12.7%) and allergic eye disease (7.1%). Other findings included glaucoma suspect (15, 2.7%), infective conjunctivitis (1, 0.2%), amblyopia (3, 0.5%), cataract (1, 0.2%), and squint (1, 0.2%). The prevalence of visual impairment was 3.1%. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between ocular morbidity and attending private schools (95% CI = 6.5-11.1, p = 0.003). Conclusions Eye disorders such as uncorrected refractive error and allergic conjunctivitis were common among schoolchildren. School eye health programs can ensure that eye screening is done periodically, allowing for early detection, referral, and prompt treatment of eye diseases that can potentially cause visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilichukwu I Aniemeka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Edak Ezeanosike
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Chinenyenwa Okanya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Onyekachi J Ireka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Chimdia E Ogbonnaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Azuka S Adeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
| | - Amarachi N Onyebuchi
- Department of Radiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, NGA
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Aniemeka D, Ezeanosike E, Ogbonnaya C, Chuka-Okosa C, Adeke A, Onyebuchi A, Odini F. EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHERS IN THE DETECTION OF EYE DISORDERS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ABAKALIKI METROPOLIS, EBONYI STATE NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2023; 21:20-26. [PMID: 38706626 PMCID: PMC11065192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schoolteachers who have knowledge on eye diseases can detect early children with eye disorders and refer them promptly to an eye specialist. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of teachers in a vision screening program for primary school children in Abakaliki. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 20 randomly selected primary schoolteachers in Abakaliki to screen for vision abnormalities and detect eye problems among 350 children from 5 schools. Teachers participated in a 2-day training using a modified training algorithm on vision screening using a Snellen's chart and in the identification of common ocular abnormalities. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 26 statistical program and a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level was statistically significant. Results A total of 379 children were enrolled into the study however, 350 (92.3%) children participated in the study. School teachers correctly identified 283 (92.8%) children who had normal vision and 33(73.3%) who had impaired vision. Overall 60 (17.1%) children with perceived eye defects were referred to the ophthalmologist for re-examination. Refractive error and allergic conjunctivitis were the most common eye problems identified and children with refractive error and other ocular morbidity were referred to the base hospital. Conclusion Teachers are a valuable resource in the detection of eye disorders among school children. Their effectiveness can be further enhanced by regular training, and collaboration with eye care professionals. Addressing these limitations through policy implementation can lead to better eye health outcomes for school children in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.I. Aniemeka
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - E. Ezeanosike
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - C.E Ogbonnaya
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - C.M. Chuka-Okosa
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - A.S. Adeke
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - A.N. Onyebuchi
- Department of Radiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
| | - F.N. Odini
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center Umuahia, Abia State
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Ogiji ED, Maduba CC, Nnadozie UU, Okorie GM, Ukoh UC, Ezeanosike E, Umeokonkwo CD. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap following sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine overdose: a case report. PAMJ-CM 2022. [DOI: 10.11604/pamj-cm.2022.8.9.26928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Adewara BA, Badmus SA, Olugbade OT, Ezeanosike E, Adegbehingbe BO. Distribution of phthisis bulbi and status of fellow eyes at a tertiary eye-care centre in Nigeria: a ten-year review. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:437-444. [PMID: 34394326 PMCID: PMC8356599 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible cause of visual loss with insufficient evidence about its aetiology and status of patients' fellow eyes. OBJECTIVES To identify the distribution of patients with phthisis bulbi and determine the status of their fellow eyes at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS We analysed data retrospectively retrieved from medical records of patients diagnosed with phthisis bulbi at initial clinic visit from January 2008 to December 2017. Information abstracted included biodata, laterality of phthisical eye, duration and aetiology of phthisis bulbi, visual acuity, and morbidities present in fellow eyes. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients presented with unilateral phthisis bulbi. The mean age was 51±21.2 years and forty (50.6%) were males. The commonest aetiologies of phthisis bulbi were trauma 37 (46.8%), infection 17 (21.5%) and uveitis/inflammation 11 (13.9%). Seventy (88.6%) patients had morbidities in their fellow eye such as glaucoma 26 (32.9%), refractive errors 23 (29.1%) and cataract 22 (27.9%). Forty (50.6%) patients were either visually impaired or blind in their fellow eye (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The commonest cause of phthisis bulbi was trauma. Approximately nine out of ten patients had ocular morbidities in their fellow eye. A thorough follow-up of patients with phthisis bulbi is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolajoko A Adewara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Sarat A Badmus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi T Olugbade
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Edak Ezeanosike
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Nnadozie UU, Obayi ON, Ezeanosike E, Eze C, Maduba CC, Nnadozie FU, Joe-Akunne K, Anikwe CC. Bilateral oedipism: a case of extreme self-harm in an African society averse to self-mutilation. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1828-1830. [PMID: 34394245 PMCID: PMC8351837 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie
- Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Edak Ezeanosike
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
| | - Christian Eze
- Department of Psyciatry, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
| | - Charles Chidiebele Maduba
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Kene Joe-Akunne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Christian Chidebe Anikwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Ezeanosike OB, Obu DC, Daniyan OW, Anyanwu OU, Okedo-Alex IN, Akamike IC, Ezeanosike E. Neonatal COVID-19 exposures and infections: a systematic review of modes of transmission, manifestations and management. Journal of Global Health Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Obumneme B. Ezeanosike
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Dorathy C. Obu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Olapeju W. Daniyan
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye U. Anyanwu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma N Okedo-Alex
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa C Akamike
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Edak Ezeanosike
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Nnachi OC, Nnachi RA, Ezenwenyi IP, Onwe OE, Okoye AE, Eze CO, Ojo MA, Nnadozie UU, Ezeanosike E, Uzoigwe JC. Myeloid Sarcoma of the Orbit Preceding Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Diagnostic Challenge. Glob J Health Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v11n14p98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Myeloid sarcoma is a rare form of acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by extramedullary proliferation of myeloid blasts which can occur as an isolated lesion in any organ. Even rarer it may occur in the orbit as the initial presentation without a leukaemic phase and diagnosis may be challenging when it is not suspected.
Methods: We report a case of orbital myeloid sarcoma as the initial presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia in an adult who was misdiagnosed and treated as a case of a pseudotumour with resultant significant disease progression and worsening of the clinical condition. There was a lag of four months from the onset of eye mass to the development of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Result: Due to patients worsening condition and tumour progression, a repeat biopsy for a second histology opinion at a different facility, immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry were employed to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Following chemotherapy, the orbital mass reduced markedly and clinical condition improved. The patient was indigent and could not sustain further funding of his treatment because he had already spent much on for management of complications he developed before a definitive diagnosis could be made.
Conclusion: Myeloid sarcoma can present as an orbital mass without a leukemic disease. Therefore a high index of suspicion, meticulous examination of biopsy, immunohistochemistry and collaboration between oncologists and ophthalmologists, are required to arrive at an early accurate diagnosis.
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Ezeanosike E, Ezeanosike OB, Akpan SI, Ezisi CN. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in rosai dorfman disease of the orbit in a 12-year-old male. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 21:1670-1673. [PMID: 30560834 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_262_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the orbit has been reported severally with extensive discourse on management strategies. However, rhabdomyoblastic differentiation coexisting with the disease is yet unreported. We present the clinical and histopathological features of a 12-year-old boy presenting with both. A 12-year-old boy was referred to our Ophthalmic Plastic Surgical Service with a 5-year history of bilateral, progressively enlarging eyelid, orbital masses causing proptosis, and severe cosmetic blemish. He had suffered vision loss to the right eye following trauma 2 years prior to the onset of the disease. Computed tomography of the orbits revealed preseptal and intraorbital components of well-defined multi-lobulated masses in both orbits. No significant nodal involvement was noted. He underwent excision biopsy of the tumor in both eyes performed 1 month apart. A histopathologic diagnosis of the Rosai-Dorfman disease with focal areas of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was made. He was treated postoperatively with a course of oral steroids with close observation for the rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Rosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon disease and has been reported to coexist with other pathologies. We highlight focal myoblastic differentiation within the excised tissues which may not necessarily warrant a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Long-term follow-up of this patient is required to establish the safety of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ezeanosike
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - O B Ezeanosike
- Department of Paediatics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - S I Akpan
- Department of Opthalmology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - C N Ezisi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Ezeanosike E, Azu-Okeke JC, Achigbu EO, Ezisi CN, Aniemeka DI, Ogbonnaya CE, Chuka-Okosa CM. Cost-Effective Ophthalmic Surgical Wetlab Using the Porcine Orbit with a Simple Dissection Protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ojoph.2019.94020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcomes of external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ext DCR) in paediatric patients. METHODS A single-centre, retrospective, interventional, non-comparative case series was performed on all paediatric patients who underwent Ext DCR between July 2010 and July 2014. Surgery was performed as per standard Ext DCR protocols with only anterior flap suturing. Data collected include demographics, clinical presentations, primary diagnosis, associated systemic anomalies, past interventions, indications for the surgery, use of adjuvants, intraoperative and post-operative complications, aetiology of DCR failure, anatomical and functional successes. RESULTS 135 eyes of 114 children underwent Ext DCR during the study period. Mean age was 9.68 ± 4.36 years and epiphora was the most common presentation (92.5%, 125/135). Persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction refractory to earlier interventions of probing or intubation was the most common indication for the surgery noted in 57% (77/135). Adjuvants like mitomycin C and intubation were used in 70% (95/135) and 72% (98/135) of the surgeries, respectively. At a 6-month follow-up, anatomical and functional successes were noted in 91.1% (124/135) and 90.3% (123/135), respectively. 12 eyes showed anatomical failure and one eye showed functional failure. The most common cause of DCR failure was a complete cicatricial closure of the ostium (83.4%, 10/12). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that Ext DCR is a safe surgery for paediatric populations with a high success rates of beyond 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjani Vivek Dave
- a Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology , L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India
| | - Edak Ezeanosike
- a Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology , L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India
| | - Milind N Naik
- a Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology , L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- a Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology , L.V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India
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Ezisi C, Ogbonnaya C, Okoye O, Ezeanosike E, Ginger-Eke H, Arinze O. Microbial Keratitis—A Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Ocular Manifestations, and Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/njo.njo_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edak Ezeanosike
- The Institute of Dacryology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Schultz T, Tischoff I, Ezeanosike E, Dick HB. Histological Sections of Corneal Incisions in OCT-Guided Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery. J Refract Surg 2013; 29:863-4. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20131029-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Schultz T, Ezeanosike E, Dick HB. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in pediatric Marfan syndrome. J Refract Surg 2013; 29:650-2. [PMID: 24016350 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20130819-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in pediatric Marfan syndrome. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 10-year-old boy with ectopia lentis due to Marfan syndrome underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (Catalys Precision Laser System; OptiMedica, Sunnyvale, CA) under general anesthesia. Anterior capsulotomy was performed on the decentered lens. Routine irrigation/aspiration devices were used for lens and cortex removal. Centration of the capsular bag was achieved using a Cionni scleral fixation ring. A foldable intraocular lens was implanted. A free-positioned and precise sized capsulotomy was cut by the femtosecond laser. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed within the 10 weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The use of a femtosecond laser has potential to perform a circular, well-centered capsulotomy for subsequent capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation without decentration in patients with Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schultz
- Ruhr University Eye Clinic, Bochum, Germany.
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