Closure of colonic deep mural injury and perforation with endoclips

INTRODUCTION

colorectal perforations are one of the most feared complications after performing an endoscopic resection. The use of endoclips is considered for the management of these complications.

OBJECTIVES

to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of endoclips in the management of perforations and deep mural injuries that occur after an endoscopic colorectal resection.

METHODS

a prospective cohort of consecutively included patients was used with a diagnosis of perforation or deep mural injury after an endoscopic colorectal resection treated with endoclips in our institution. The rates of perforation and deep mural injury were obtained. The factors associated with an unfavorable evolution after the placement of the endoclips were analyzed.

RESULTS

after 342 endoscopic mucosal resections (EMR) and 42 endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESD), there were 25 cases with perforation or deep mural injury. The deep mural injury rate was 3.22 % and 7.14 % in the case of EMR and ESD, respectively. The perforation rate was 1.46 % and 14.29 % in the case of EMR and ESD, respectively. Successful closure with endoclips was achieved in 24 cases (96 %). Only one patient presented an unfavorable evolution (10 %) after successful closure. The factors associated with an unfavorable evolution were the presence of diffuse peritoneal symptoms and a perforation size greater than or equal to 10 mm.

CONCLUSION

endoscopic closure with endoclips is effective to avoid surgery in cases of deep mural injury or perforation after an endoscopic resection.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy in a pediatric patient with refractory achalasia: a case report and review of the literature

A 15-year-old male patient presented with dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss and retrosternal pain. The diagnosis of achalasia was made 4 years before. The esophagogram revealed severe esophagus dilatation and the classic "bird-beak" termination. A Heller myotomy plus fundoplication and endoscopic balloon dilatation were conducted four months previously. Nevertheless, the symptoms persisted and the last high-resolution manometry study still showed achalasia type II. The patient underwent a peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy (POEM). POEM is a feasible and safe procedure for experienced and properly-equipped health care delivery centers and could be used as a rescue treatment in refractory achalasia. We present the youngest patient with achalasia in our region who had a successful response to rescue POEM.

[Safety and efficacy of the use of self-expanding metal stents in the management ofunresectable malignant biliary stenosis]

BACKGROUND

In recent years there has been an increase in the use of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) in patients with unresectable malignant stenosis of the bile duct. However, in Peru there are no reports on the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the use of SEMS in the palliative management of malignant stenosis of the bile duct.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective cohort. All patients referred for placement of biliary SEMS as part of a palliative treatment between January 2016 and August 2018 were included. Rates of successful placement of SEMS, adequate palliation of the obstruction, and complications associated with the procedure were obtained. The patency of the prosthesis was evaluated during follow-up. Survival was determined after placement of the prosthesis.

RESULTS

We included 32 patients with indication of palliative management due to an unresectable malignant stenosis of the bile duct. Pancreatic cancer (56.25%) followed by cholangiocarcinoma (31.25%) were the most frequent etiologies. A successful first-time placement rate of 96.97% was achieved. Adequate palliation of biliary obstruction was achieved in 100% of patients (p<0.05). Two SEMStc migrated during follow-up (6.25%) being managed with the placement of a new SEMSuc.

CONCLUSIONS

The placement of SEMS is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in the palliative management of patients with malignant obstruction of the biliary tract.

Fasciola hepatica in the common bile duct: spyglass visualization and endoscopic extraction

We report the case of a 60-year-old Peruvian female who was admitted with abdominal pain and jaundice. Cholangioscopy revealed a leaf-like trematode, Fasciola hepatica. This trematode was extracted with a Dormia's basket via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

[Large balloon dilation for removal of choledocholithiasis difficult to extract: clinical experience]

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to report the initial experience of the combined use of biliary sphincterotomy plus balloon dilatation of the papilla for management of large stones.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Design: Retrospective, descriptive. This study included 18 patients in whom a hydrostatic dilatation of the papilla with large balloons was performed between June 2012 and April 2014. Patients had multiple large stones, tapered distal common bile duct, previous sphincterotomy, or peri/ intradiverticular papilla. CRE™ dilatation balloons with diameters ranging from 12 to 20 mm were used. Data were recorded as successful procedure, use of lithotripsy and complications during the procedure.

RESULTS

The average age was 66.1 years. There was a predominance of the female gender (66.7%). The average size of the bile duct stones was 16.7 mm. The main indications were: giant choledocholithiasis (12 patients, 66.7%) and tapered distal common bile duct (6 patients, 33.3%). The dilatation balloons diameter used were: 15 mm (8 patients, 44.4%), 18 mm (5 patients, 27.8%), 12 mm (3 patients, 16.7%) and 20 mm (2 patients, 11.1%). Complete stone clearance was achieved in 15 patients (83.3%). Lithotripsy was performed in 4 patients (22.2%). There were 3 patients in whom the removal with balloon was unsuccessful, performed surgical management. It was reported 1 case of mild acute pancreatitis (5.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation after sphincterotomy is a safe and effective technique for treatment of difficult bile duct stones.

[Perception of pain during sigmoidoscopy flexible as an additional diagnostic method for irritable bowel syndrome]

INTRODUCTION

Visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed as a biological marker of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the pain perception during sigmoidoscopy using a visual analog scale of pain in patients with or without IBS, and to assess the pain perception as diagnostic criteria for IBS. We further assessed the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of pain scores to diagnose IBS.

METHODS

A prospective case-control study in patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. All patients completed Rome III criteria questionnaires and divided into two groups: IBS and non-IBS. All participants reported pain scores on visual analog scales after of study. Differences were evaluated. We calculated a receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency.

RESULTS

We analyzed 20 patients with IBS and 20 controls. The pain scores were higher in IBS patients compared with non-IBS patients (median, 52.5 vs. 27.5, p = 0.006). The area under the curve was 0.84, at pain score level of ≥ 40 mm with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of 85%, 75% and 80%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The degree of pain perception was higher in IBS patients than in non-IBS patients during sigmoidoscopy. A score of pain perception in ≥ 40 mm may predict the diagnosis of IBS with good sensitivity (85%) and specificity (75%).