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Weber Cullen K, Baranowski T, Rittenberry L, Cosart C, Owens E, Hebert D, de Moor C. Socioenvironmental influences on children's fruit, juice and vegetable consumption as reported by parents: reliability and validity of measures. Public Health Nutr 2000; 3:345-56. [PMID: 10979154 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot test theory-based questionnaires to measure socioenvironmental influences on children's fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) consumption as reported by parents. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Parents of fourth to sixth grade students completed socioenvironmental questionnaires. The students completed food records (FRs) for 2 days in the classroom. SUBJECTS Interviews were completed by 109 parents (17% African-American, 32% Hispanic-American and 51 Euro-American). RESULTS Student mean daily FJV intake was 2.1 servings. Principal components analyses revealed subscales measuring positive and negative parenting practices; self-efficacy for modelling and planning/encouraging FJV consumption, and making FJV available; encouraging, consequences and discouraging food socialization practices; negative home, cost and canned/frozen food barriers; meal planning; child shopping; mother food preparation; and child lunch and dinner FJV preparation practices. Internal consistencies were adequate to high. Negative parent practices and negative home FJV barriers were significantly negatively correlated with child FJV consumption variables. Planning/encouraging self-efficacy was positively associated with fruit consumption, and child dinner FJV preparation was significantly negatively correlated with child juice consumption. CONCLUSIONS These questionnaires may provide important insights about the relationship between parent-reported socioenvironmental influences and children's FJV consumption. Future work should test these questionnaires with larger groups of parents and youths, with more reliable estimates of usual FJV intake, e.g. 7-day food records, to obtain a detailed understanding of how parents influence what children eat. Tests of models of relationships among these variables are warranted, but should control for possible confounding variables, e.g. socioeconomic status, gender of the child, etc.
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Cullen KW, Eagan J, Baranowski T, Owens E, de Moor C. Effect of a la carte and snack bar foods at school on children's lunchtime intake of fruits and vegetables. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2000; 100:1482-6. [PMID: 11138440 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare lunch fruit, juice, and vegetable (FJV) intake of fourth-grade students who receive only National School Lunch Program meals and fifth-grade students who also have access to a school snack bar and to compare FJV intake by meal source among fifth-grade students. DESIGN Cross-sectional study: students completed FJV preference questionnaires and 5 days of lunch food records in classrooms. SUBJECTS/SETTING 312 fourth- and 282 fifth-grade students in south Texas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean FJV consumption. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance. RESULTS Fourth-grade students (n = 312) consumed significantly more fruits, juices, and vegetables (0.80 serving) than fifth-grade students (n = 282) (0.60 serving). Students whose parents reported a high school education or less consumed more regular and total vegetables than students whose parents reported some college or higher education. There were no interaction effects among gender, grade, ethnic, or family education groups. Fifth-grade students who ate only snack bar meals consumed significantly less total fruits, juices, and vegetables (0.40 serving) than fifth-grade students who ate school lunch meals (0.82 serving). Controlling for FJV preferences did not change the main effect for grade level in the FJV consumption models. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS FJV consumption during school lunch is low. School foodservice staff should identify FJV items that middle school students prefer and increase availability of those items in middle school cafeterias and snack bars.
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Comparative Study |
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Brown PW, Silverman J, Owens E, Tabor DC, Terz JJ, Lawrence W. Intraductal "noninfiltrating" carcinoma of the breast. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1976; 111:1063-7. [PMID: 184756 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1976.01360280021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We are reviewing 40 patients with noninvasive intraductal carcients; 10% developed oppostie breast cancer of the invasive variety. Twenty-one patients underwent radical mastectomy in which one patient was found to have a positive axillary node. The 19 remaining patients had total mastectomy alone. No recurrence of death attributed to intraductal carcinoma was found in 39 patients available for follow-up.
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Sawada Y, Hiraga S, Francis B, Patlak C, Pettigrew K, Ito K, Owens E, Gibson R, Reba R, Eckelman W. Kinetic analysis of 3-quinuclidinyl 4-[125I]iodobenzilate transport and specific binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in rat brain in vivo: implications for human studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990; 10:781-807. [PMID: 2134838 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1990.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodinated R- and S-Quinuclidinyl derivatives of RS-benzilate (R- and S-125IQNB) have been synthesized for quantitative evaluation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding in vivo. Two sets of experiments were performed in rats. The first involved determining the metabolite-corrected blood concentration and tissue distribution of tracer R-IQNB (active enantiomer) and S-IQNB (inactive enantiomer) in brain 1 min to 26 h after intravenous injection. The second involved the measurement of brain tissue washout over a 2-min period after loading the brain by an intracarotid artery injection of the ligands. Various pharmacokinetic models were tested, which included transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), nonspecific binding, low-affinity binding, and high-affinity binding. Our analysis demonstrated that the assumptions of rapid equilibrium across the BBB and rapid nonspecific binding are incorrect and result in erroneous estimates of the forward rate constant for binding at the high-affinity receptor sites (k3). The estimated values for influx across the BBB (K1), the steady-state accumulation rate in cerebrum (K), and the dissociation rate constant at the high-affinity site (k4) of R-IQNB were independent of the specific compartmental model used to analyze these data (K1 approximately 0.23 ml/min/g, K approximately 0.13 ml/min/g, and k4 approximately 0.0019 min-1 for caudate). In contrast, the estimated values of k3 and the efflux rate constant (k2) varied over a 10-fold range between different compartmental models (k3 approximately 2.3-22 min-1 and k2 approximately 1.6-16 min-1 in caudate), but their ratios were constant (k3/k2 approximately 1.4). Our analysis demonstrates that the estimates of k3 (and derived values such as the binding potential) are model dependent, that the rate of R-IQNB accumulation in cerebrum depends on transport across the BBB as well as the rate of binding, and that uptake in cerebrum is essentially irreversible during the first 360 min after intravenous administration. Graphical analysis was consistent with compartmental analysis of the data and indicated that steady-state uptake of R-IQNB in cerebrum is established within 1-5 min after intravenous injection. We propose a new approach to the analysis of R-IQNB time-activity data that yields reliable quantitative estimates of k3, k4, and the nonspecific binding equilibrium constant (Keq) by either compartmental or graphical analysis. The approach is based on determining the free unbound fraction of radiolabeled ligand in blood and an estimate of K1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Giolas TG, Owens E, Lamb SH, Schubert ED. Hearing performance inventory. THE JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING DISORDERS 1979; 44:169-95. [PMID: 502485 DOI: 10.1044/jshd.4402.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hearing Performance Inventory (HPI) was developed to assess hearing performance in problem areas experienced in everyday listening. It consists of six sections: (1) Understanding Speech, (2) Intensity, (3) Response to Auditory Failure, (4) Social, (5) Personal, and (6) Occupational. A self-report response style is used. Sentences were written to describe a number of listening situations covering a variety of talker characteristics and communication processes. The development, current status, and clinical implications of the HPI are presented.
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Owens E, Schubert ED. Development of the California Consonant Test. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1977; 20:463-74. [PMID: 904308 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.2003.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A 100-item, multiple-choice test for consonant identification labeled the California Consonant Test (CCT) has been developed expressly for use with hearing-impaired patients. A computer-assisted analysis was obtained for the test responses of 550 patients with sensorineural hearing loss. The test seems highly sensitive to configurations of high-tone loss, but the correlation with degree of loss, especially in the instance of flat configurations, is somewhat low (-0.40). Test-retest correlation is 0.96. A correlation of 0.35 with a W-22 list indicates that the two tests are measuring different aspects of speech reception. In addition to its usefulness in identifying consonant confusions for rehabilitation purposes, the CCT may prove helpful in ranking hearing aids. For the latter purpose, two 50-item subforms, designed for equivalence, have been under observation for possible use when time is a critical factor. Repetitions of the 100-item list offer greater stability, however.
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Owens E, Kessler DK, Raggio MW, Schubert ED. Analysis and revision of the minimal auditory capabilities (MAC) battery. Ear Hear 1985; 6:280-90. [PMID: 4076551 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-198511000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) Battery was administered individually to 75 hearing aid users with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The purposes of the study were (1) to determine the reliability of the individual tests, their range of difficulty, and their intercorrelations; (2) to undertake a standardization procedure based on data from this population; and (3) to assess the need for revisions. Difficulty ranged gradually from a mean score of 86% correct for the Spondee Same/Different test to a mean of 16% for the NU 6 monosyllabic word test. Alpha estimates of reliability were 0.89 or higher for all but the Everyday Sounds test (0.85), the Question/Statement test (0.83), and the Spondee Same/Different test (0.81). Along with the reliability and range of difficulty results, interest correlations provided no indication that any of the tests should be discarded. In the standardization of the MAC, the mean score correct on each test was set at 100 and the standard deviation at 10. Prepared tables for immediate conversion of a raw score to a standardized score for any test are included in an Appendix. Among revisions, also listed in the Appendix, the CID Everyday Sentences test was reduced to 20 items from 40, the SPIN High-Context Sentences were assigned key words, and the assessment of distinctive feature identification was discontinued.
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Owens E, Benedict M, Schubert ED. Consonant phonemic errors associated with pure-tone configurations and certain kinds of hearing impairment. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1972; 15:308-22. [PMID: 5047869 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.1502.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the course of developing multiple-choice items for speech discrimination testing, phonemic errors were observed as they relate to pure-tone configurations and to certain types of hearing impairment. For the phonemes involved, the following observations were made: (1) The /s, ∫, t∫, d
3
/ and the initial /t/ and /θ/ were easily identified by patients with flat pure-tone configurations, but were difficult for patients with sharply falling slopes, 500 to 4000 Hz. (2) Identification of the /s/ and the initial /t/ and /θ/ was highly dependent upon energy in the frequency range above 2000 Hz, whereas identification of the /∫, t∫, d
3
/ was highly dependent upon the range between 1000 and 2000 Hz. (3) Over all the items testing a given stimulus phoneme, the total number of phonemes employed as alternate responses ranged from three to eight, averaging five. The actual erroneous responses for any given stimulus phoneme, however, were usually limited to two or three phonemes, and these were generally the same regardless of pure-tone configuration. (4) Although the error-response phonemes were usually the same as the stimulus phoneme in manner of production, some error phonemes were produced in a different manner, but in the same place, as the stimulus phoneme. Probability of error for individual phonemes seemed to be more closely related to pure-tone configurations than to kinds of hearing impairment.
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Owens E, Talbott CB, Schubert ED. Vowel discrimination of hearing-impaired listeners. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1968; 11:648-55. [PMID: 5722492 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.1103.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vowel discrimination ability was observed in two groups of 20 hearing-impaired subjects each. Each group listened to a different list of closed-set test items specifically designed for the study. A surprisingly low number of errors occurred, suggesting that vowel items in general lack the efficiency required for speech discrimination testing using a closed-set response system. Among the most difficult phonemes to discriminate clearly were /ɔ
I
/, /ɔ/, /au/, /ε/, /o/, and /α/. The phonemes most frequently substituted in error were adjacent to the stimulus phoneme on the Formant 1 versus Formant 2 vowel charts. The /u/ was the most frequent substitution for several vowels.
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Owens E, Raggio M. Performance inventory for profound and severe loss (PIPSL). THE JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING DISORDERS 1988; 53:42-56. [PMID: 3339867 DOI: 10.1044/jshd.5301.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to develop a quantifiable and reliable self-rating inventory specifically for persons with profound and severe hearing losses. Fifty such subjects with such losses who wore hearing aids rated themselves on a scale of 0-6 (never to always) on 125 items that sampled their performance in a variety of communicative situations. Items were assigned to tentative categories that were then refined so as to achieve high internal consistency, reflected by high alpha coefficients, with a minimal number of items. Six final categories, or scales, containing a total of 58 items, emerged with alpha coefficients .86 or higher. The scales were labeled Understanding Speech With Visual Cues, Intensity, Response to Auditory Failure, Environmental Sounds, Understanding Speech With No Visual Cues, and Personal. Another 16 items that failed to fit into any scale, and did not form a scale of their own, were also included in the final inventory because they related to individual rehabilitative concerns and activities in ways not represented among the items of the six scales.
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Sher AE, Owens E. Consonant confusions associated with hearing loss above 2000 Hz. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1974; 17:669-81. [PMID: 4444287 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.1704.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A 100-item test for the identification of phonemes was presented to two groups of listeners. One group consisted of 35 patients with normal hearing up to 2000 Hz accompanied by a high-tone loss. The other group consisted of persons with normal hearing who heard the speech stimuli presented through a low-pass filter with a cutoff at 2040 Hz. There were no significant differences between the two groups in overall scores, in probabilities of error for individual phonemes, or in the kinds of error substitutions made. Findings were as follows: (1) the overall scores indicated difficulty in phonemic identification; (2) the phonemes contributing to this difficulty were primarily /b, p, t, k, s, θ/ in both the initial and final positions, /t∫, ∫, f, dƷ, z, v/ in the final position only, and /d/ in the initial position only; and (3) the phonemes substituted for the stimulus phonemes in the initial position were the same in manner of articulation as the stimulus phoneme, and typically only one confusion occurred per stimulus phoneme. The phonemes substituted for the stimulus phonemes in the final position were not necessarily the same in manner of articulation as the stimulus phoneme, and more than one confusion generally occurred for each stimulus phoneme.
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Kasten GW, Owens E, Kennedy D. Ventricular tachycardia resulting from central venous catheter tip migration due to arm position changes: report of two cases. Anesthesiology 1985; 62:185-7. [PMID: 3970372 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198502000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Case Reports |
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Cooney R, Owens E, Jurasinski C, Gray K, Vannice J, Vary T. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents sepsis-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 267:E636-41. [PMID: 7526701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.5.e636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a mediator of the sepsis-induced skeletal muscle catabolism, we investigated the effects of a specific IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on skeletal muscle protein metabolism in a rodent model of chronic abdominal sepsis. A constant infusion of IL-1ra (2 mg.kg-1.h-1) or saline was begun immediately after the induction of sepsis and continued for 5 days. The effect of IL-1ra on protein metabolism was examined in individual muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus, heart) containing different fiber types. Infusion of IL-1ra in control animals did not alter protein metabolism in any of the muscles examined. Muscle weight, protein content, and the rate of protein synthesis in gastrocnemius were reduced by sepsis, whereas none of these parameters were affected in soleus or heart. Infusion of IL-1ra prevented the sepsis-induced loss of muscle protein and inhibition of protein synthesis in gastrocnemius but was without effect in soleus or heart. IL-1ra infusion restored translational efficiency in the gastrocnemius of septic rats and was without effect on the RNA content. These results provide evidence for a role of IL-1 as a mediator of the sepsis-induced abnormalities in skeletal muscle protein metabolism.
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Molnar P, Groothuis D, Blasberg R, Zaharko D, Owens E, Fenstermacher J. Regional thymidine transport and incorporation in experimental brain and subcutaneous tumors. J Neurochem 1984; 43:421-32. [PMID: 6736959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The regional distribution and local incorporation of [14C]thymidine into a nonextractable tissue fraction, probably DNA, was measured in normal and neoplastic tissues. We studied brain tumors induced by avian sarcoma virus and ethylnitrosourea, and transplanted RG-2 intracerebral and subcutaneous gliomas. An incorporation quotient, Q, was calculated for different tumor regions and brain from the methanol nonextractable radioactivity in the tissue and the plasma concentration-time integral of thymidine. The incorporation quotient represents the rate of clearance of thymidine from blood and its incorporation into macromolecules (probably DNA). The values of Q were compared with a labeling index measured in the same tissue regions with conventional autoradiography. The following observations were made: (1) the mean plasma half-life of thymidine was 6.5 min; (2) the regional incorporation quotient in tumors varied from values comparable to normal brain to more than 100 times higher; (3) RG-2 tumors had significantly higher Qs than the other tumor models; (4) Q in subcutaneous tumors varied most widely (greater than 500-fold range); (5) the labeling index reflected the values of Q in some tumor regions but not in others; differences between the two were most frequently related to tumor cell density and the intensity of individual tumor cell labeling. A comparison of these data with previous studies of capillary permeability and blood flow in these tumor models indicates that the incorporation of [14C]thymidine into a nonextractable tissue fraction can be limited by transcapillary transport in brain tumors and by blood flow in systemic tumors, and that thymidine disposition in these tumors is not always indicative of the rate of DNA synthesis.
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Epstein A, Giolas TG, Owens E. Familiarity and intelligibility of monosyllabic word lists. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1968; 11:435-8. [PMID: 5664271 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.1102.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intelligibility functions of word lists and a sample of continuous discourse distorted by several levels of low-pass filtering demonstrate the effect of word familiarity when normal-hearing subjects are listening to distorted speech. Lists of varying degrees of familiarity compiled by Owens (1961), PB-50 lists 6 and 9, W-22 list 1-A, and a sample of continuous discourse are compared. Errors increased as distortion increased for the lists falling in the “unfamiliar” category, while intelligibility remained undisturbed in the continuous discourse and in the “familiar” lists as long as frequencies below 1560 Hz were left intact.
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Owens E, Kessler DK, Schubert ED. Interim assessment of candidates for cochlear implants. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1982; 108:478-83. [PMID: 6896640 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1982.00790560016005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery was administered to patients with profound postlingual sensorineural hearing loss to obtain interim audiometric indices on the relative benefits of cochlear implants and hearing aids. One group used a cochlear implant comprising a multielectrode array and a single-channel stimulator, another group wore hearing aids, with only borderline satisfaction, and the third group wore hearing aids to good advantage. Scores for the latter group were consistently higher than the borderline group on two prosodic tests, but the borderline group scored better on closed-set spondee and vowel recognition tests. Scores were essentially the same for the two groups on the remaining tests. Tentative criteria induces were applied to members of the borderline group in terms of the hearing improvement that might be anticipated from an implant.
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Owens E, Telleen CC. Speech perception with hearing aids and cochlear implants. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1981; 107:160-3. [PMID: 6894086 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1981.00790390026008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A battery of tests using speech materials was developed to evaluate the auditory perception skills of five subjects with profound postlingual hearing loss. Two of the subjects wore hearing aids, and three subjects used cochlear implants. Responses of the two subjects with hearing aids were consistently superior to those of the subjects with implants, and one of the three subjects with implants consistently performed better than the other two. The subjects with implants displayed wide variations in response, indicating the necessity of evaluating each implant prosthesis as it was used by a given subject. In addition to tests of auditory speech perception, a measure of lipreading ability with amplification provided useful information.
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Owens E, Raggio M. The UCSF tracking procedure for evaluation and training of speech reception by hearing-impaired adults. THE JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING DISORDERS 1987; 52:120-8. [PMID: 3573743 DOI: 10.1044/jshd.5202.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A tracking procedure that emphasizes practical coping strategies for hearing-impaired patients, along with practice in responding to other cues in the perception of connected speech, is described in detail in the course of its use with one subject. The subject's tracking scores before and after training illustrate the potential value of the procedure both as an evaluative measure and as a training tool. The organization of the materials and the design of the training protocol allow for a wide range of practice activities in tracking, including the use of nonverbatim as well as verbatim responses.
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Case Reports |
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Owens E. Consonant errors and remediation in sensorineural hearing loss. THE JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING DISORDERS 1978; 43:331-47. [PMID: 692099 DOI: 10.1044/jshd.4303.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of consonant errors for hearing-impaired subjects in a multiple-choice format revealed that about 14 consonants caused most of the difficulty in consonant recognition. For a given consonant, error probability was typically lower in the initial position of the stimulus word than in the final position. When errors were made, the substitutions were limited typically to two or three other consonants, with a greater variety occurring for consonants in the final position. Substitutions tended to be the same over a wide range of pure-tone configurations. Place errors were predominant, but manner errors also occurred. In only a few instances did specific relationships occur between particular stimulus consonants and pure-tone configurations. With knowledge of the error consonants and typical substitutions, auditory recognition of consonants can be improved by programmed instruction methods. Shaping can be accomplished by a manipulation of the response foils (choices). Since it has been shown that visual recognition of consonants can also be improved, advantage can be taken of both the visual and auditory modalities in remedial procedures. Frequency of usage in the language should be considered in the ordering of consonants for retraining purposes. Work in consonant recognition should be beneficial to the hearing-impaired patient as part of a total rehabilitation program.
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Bercowsky E, Shalhav AL, Elbahnasy AM, Owens E, Clayman RV. The effect of patient position on intrarenal anatomy. J Endourol 1999; 13:257-60. [PMID: 10405902 DOI: 10.1089/end.1999.13.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although flexible ureteroscopes are designed with mechanisms for active and passive tip deflection, one of the major problems is the not infrequent inability to enter the lower pole calices. Accordingly, we measured the change in the lower pole infundibulopelvic (LIP) angle when the patient's position was varied (i.e., prone, supine, head down) during intravenous urography (IVU). PATIENTS AND METHODS The LIP angle was measured in 20 right and 26 left adult kidneys during an IVU with the patient in six different positions: supine level, supine 20 degrees head down, supine 45 degrees head up, prone level, prone 20 degrees head down, and prone 45 degrees head up. None of the patients had a history of renal surgery. RESULTS In all cases, the broadest angle of entry to the lower pole infundibulum was obtained with the patient in a prone position and 20 degrees head down. CONCLUSIONS The LIP angle broadens when the patient lies in a prone 20 degrees head down position. This maneuver could improve the surgeon's ability to access the lower pole calices when performing flexible ureteronephroscopy.
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Abstract
The revised Hearing Performance Inventory contains 90 items selected in part on a statistical basis and in part on clinical relevance from a previous experimental form. An analysis of the responses of 354 hearing-impaired subjects was used to evaluate the performance of each of the 90 items remaining in the Revised Form. Because the only items eliminated were either found or deemed to be too easy, too difficult or redundant, the Revised Form maintains the strength of the previous form while reducing significantly the time required for its administration.
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Flavin K, Mullowney J, Murphy B, Owens E, Kirwan P, Murphy K, Hughes H, McLoughlin P. The development of novel organically modified sol-gel media for use with ATR/FTIR sensing. Analyst 2007; 132:224-9. [PMID: 17325755 DOI: 10.1039/b612402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to prepare and develop novel pre-concentration media by the sol-gel process, and their integration with mid-infrared transparent waveguides has been demonstrated. This research approach resulted in a mid-infrared sensing methodology in which the properties (porosity, functionality, polarity, etc.) of the recognition layer could be tailored by variation of the sol-gel precursors and processing conditions. Cross-linker type and concentration notably influenced p-xylene absorption and diffusion rate. Unreacted silanol groups appeared to be the dominant factor in the hydrophobicity of sol-gel layers. Variation of sol-gel precursors and thermal treatment altered both film cross-link density and polarity, as demonstrated by variation in the rate of analyte diffusion and equilibrium analyte concentration. The use of a novel 1 : 1 PTMOS : DPDMS material as pre-concentration medium in this analytical sensing approach was validated through the determination of p-nitrochlorobenzene in an aqueous environment. The response demonstrated linearity between 0-30 mg L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.989 and a limit of detection of 0.7 mg L(-1). Sensing times for p-nitrochlorobenzene were also reduced from several hours to 24 minutes, without loss of measurement accuracy or sensitivity, by a 10 degrees C increase in the sensing temperature and the use of a predictive Fickian model previously developed by this research group.
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Sooy FA, Owens E, Neufeld ES. Comparison of wire-vein and wire-gelfoam prostheses in stapedectomy for otosclerosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1973; 82:149-52. [PMID: 4702350 DOI: 10.1177/000348947308200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comparison was made of the overall postoperative results for a group of 50 patients who had undergone a wire-gelfoam stapedectomy procedure for otosclerosis and a group of 106 patients who had undergone a wire-vein graft procedure. All operations were performed by the same surgeon and all testing was conducted in sound treated rooms by experienced audiologists using calibrated equipment. The results for the wire-vein group were consistently superior. At the four-month postoperative test date, air-bone closure for the wire-vein group was better at all frequencies by approximately 2 to 4 dB. Also, the four-month postoperative speech discrimination scores showed a decrement of only 1.8% for the wire-vein group in contrast to a decrement of 5.9% for the wire-gelfoam group. Furthermore, while no serious postoperative complications occurred for the wire-vein group, two instances of fistulae and one instance of wire migration occurred for the wire-gelfoam group. These results, coupled with recently proved long-term stability for the wire-vein graft prosthesis, support our initial clinical impression favoring the wire-vein graft stapedectomy procedure.
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Humphrey B, Owens E, Sergy G. DEVELOPMENT OF A STRANDED OIL IN COARSE SEDIMENT (SOCS) MODEL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Oil spills in Canadian waters have a high probability of impacting coarse sediment beaches, yet our ability to predict oil fate and estimate natural self-cleaning rates is less than adequate. Data is lacking to understand fully many oillsediment interactions. Historically, shoreline interactions have been considered using fairly simple concepts.
We examined the processes that may occur on a coarse sediment beach, selected those which are important, and developed a fate and persistence model for stranded oil. The processes were divided into stages relative to the spill event, and the factors which affect each stage were evaluated. Three areas of special interest were the capacity of a beach to hold oil, the residual capacity of a beach for oil, and the long-term fate of the oil. After developing model algorithms, the outputs were compared to a data base of information collected during the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
The stranded oil in coarse sediment model will provide information at two levels: a general level for planning and sensitivity mapping and a more detailed level intended for the prediction of oil fate on specific known beaches. The strengths and weaknesses of the model have been assessed in terms of data deficiencies. The type and nature of the data which are most useful to, and which need to be collected for, spill planning and spill monitoring were identified.
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Owens E, Schubert ED. The development of constant items for speech discrimination testing. JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH 1968; 11:656-67. [PMID: 5722493 DOI: 10.1044/jshr.1103.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Subjects were English-speaking adults with hearing impairment. Etiology of hearing loss did not enter into selection. Consonant errors were observed on speech discrimination test lists employing a closed-set response system. Fifteen subjects were employed for the first list and 20 each for the remaining four lists, with an occasional subject serving in more than one group. Confusions between unvoiced and voiced consonants rarely occurred; the /r/ and /l/ were seldom confused with other phonemes; and nasals were seldom confused with non-nasals. Discrimination difficulty was related to both place and manner of articulation.
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