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Matzko ME, Sephton-Clark PCS, Young EL, Jhaveri TA, Martinsen MA, Mojica E, Boykin R, Pierce VM, Cuomo CA, Bhattacharyya RP. A novel rRNA hybridization-based approach to rapid, accurate Candida identification directly from blood culture. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6674770. [PMID: 36002024 PMCID: PMC9989835 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are increasingly common and carry high morbidity and mortality, yet fungal diagnostics lag behind bacterial diagnostics in rapidly identifying the causal pathogen. We previously devised a fluorescent hybridization-based assay to identify bacteria within hours directly from blood culture bottles without subculture, called phylogeny-informed rRNA-based strain identification (Phirst-ID). Here, we adapt this approach to unambiguously identify 11 common pathogenic Candida species, including C. auris, with 100% accuracy from laboratory culture (33 of 33 strains in a reference panel, plus 33 of 33 additional isolates tested in a validation panel). In a pilot study on 62 consecutive positive clinical blood cultures from two hospitals that showed yeast on Gram stain, Candida Phirst-ID matched the clinical laboratory result for 58 of 59 specimens represented in the 11-species reference panel, without misclassifying the 3 off-panel species. It also detected mixed Candida species in 2 of these 62 specimens, including the one discordant classification, that were not identified by standard clinical microbiology workflows; in each case the presence of both species was validated by both clinical and experimental data. Finally, in three specimens that grew both bacteria and yeast, we paired our prior bacterial probeset with this new Candida probeset to detect both pathogen types using Phirst-ID. This simple, robust assay can provide accurate Candida identification within hours directly from blood culture bottles, and the conceptual approach holds promise for pan-microbial identification in a single workflow. LAY SUMMARY Candida bloodstream infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality, yet slow diagnostics delay recognition, worsening patient outcomes. We develop and validate a novel molecular approach to accurately identify Candida species directly from blood culture one day faster than standard workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Matzko
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Poppy C S Sephton-Clark
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eleanor L Young
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tulip A Jhaveri
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie A Martinsen
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Mojica
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rich Boykin
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Virginia M Pierce
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roby P Bhattacharyya
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Young EL, Feng BJ, Stark AW, Damiola F, Durand G, Forey N, Francy TC, Gammon A, Kohlmann WK, Kaphingst KA, McKay-Chopin S, Nguyen-Dumont T, Oliver J, Paquette AM, Pertesi M, Robinot N, Rosenthal JS, Vallee M, Voegele C, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Andrulis IL, John EM, Hashibe M, Gertz J, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Lesueur F, Goldgar DE, Tavtigian SV. Multigene testing of moderate-risk genes: be mindful of the missense. J Med Genet 2016; 53:366-76. [PMID: 26787654 PMCID: PMC4893078 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-risk genes have not been extensively studied, and missense substitutions in them are generally returned to patients as variants of uncertain significance lacking clearly defined risk estimates. The fraction of early-onset breast cancer cases carrying moderate-risk genotypes and quantitative methods for flagging variants for further analysis have not been established. METHODS We evaluated rare missense substitutions identified from a mutation screen of ATM, CHEK2, MRE11A, RAD50, NBN, RAD51, RINT1, XRCC2 and BARD1 in 1297 cases of early-onset breast cancer and 1121 controls via scores from Align-Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation (GVGD), combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD), multivariate analysis of protein polymorphism (MAPP) and PolyPhen-2. We also evaluated subjects by polygenotype from 18 breast cancer risk SNPs. From these analyses, we estimated the fraction of cases and controls that reach a breast cancer OR≥2.5 threshold. RESULTS Analysis of mutation screening data from the nine genes revealed that 7.5% of cases and 2.4% of controls were carriers of at least one rare variant with an average OR≥2.5. 2.1% of cases and 1.2% of controls had a polygenotype with an average OR≥2.5. CONCLUSIONS Among early-onset breast cancer cases, 9.6% had a genotype associated with an increased risk sufficient to affect clinical management recommendations. Over two-thirds of variants conferring this level of risk were rare missense substitutions in moderate-risk genes. Placement in the estimated OR≥2.5 group by at least two of these missense analysis programs should be used to prioritise variants for further study. Panel testing often creates more heat than light; quantitative approaches to variant prioritisation and classification may facilitate more efficient clinical classification of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Young
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - B J Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - A W Stark
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - F Damiola
- Breast Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - G Durand
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - N Forey
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - T C Francy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - A Gammon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - W K Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - K A Kaphingst
- Department of Communication and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
| | - S McKay-Chopin
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - T Nguyen-Dumont
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Oliver
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Paquette
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - M Pertesi
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - N Robinot
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J S Rosenthal
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - M Vallee
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, CHUQ Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - C Voegele
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Epidemiology (Genome Epidemiology Lab), Seoul National University School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - M C Southey
- Department of Communication and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
| | - I L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M Hashibe
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - J Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - F Le Calvez-Kelm
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - F Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer Team, Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - D E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - S V Tavtigian
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Persia ME, Young EL, Utterback PL, Parsons CM. Effects of dietary ingredients and Eimeria acervulina infection on chick performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility. Poult Sci 2006; 85:48-55. [PMID: 16493945 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In each of three 2-wk experiments, chicks were inoculated on d 9 or 11 with 5.0 x 10(5) Eimeria acervulina sporulated oocysts (acute infection) or on d 9, 12, 15, and 18 with 1.5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts (chronic infection). In Experiment 1, both fish meal (15%) and GroBiotic-P (GB; International Ingredient Corporation, St. Louis, MO; 5%) diets completely ameliorated the negative effects of acute and chronic coccidiosis infection on growth performance of crossbred chicks. The acute coccidiosis infection greatly reduced MEn and amino acid (AA) digestibility, and the magnitude of response varied with the timing of excreta collection after inoculation. Both fish meal and GB diets ameliorated the large negative effects of coccidiosis infection on MEn and AA digestibility. In Experiment 2, a wheat-barley-pectin diet and acute coccidiosis infection depressed crossbred chick BW gain, AA digestibility, and MEn in comparison with a corn-soybean meal diet; there generally were no interactions between diet type and coccidiosis infection. In Experiment 3, using commercial broiler chicks, diets containing 2 to 6% GB did not improve the growth performance of coccidiosis-infected chicks, but they did improve the growth of the noninfected chicks. The results of this study indicate that coccidiosis infection (E. acervulina) reduces MEn and AA digestibility in chicks and that the coccidiosis effect is influenced by diet composition, type of infection (acute vs. chronic), and timing of excreta collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Persia
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Sharma TK, Young EL, Miller S, Cutler AF. Evaluation of a rapid, new method for detecting serum IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori. Clin Chem 1997; 43:832-6. [PMID: 9166238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased need for rapid, inexpensive tests to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection. Our objective was to determine the performance characteristics of an immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detection of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies. A commercially available ICT kit (FlexSure HP) was tested with a well-characterized cohort of banked sera as well as with fresh serum from randomly selected symptomatic patients. The ICT was evaluated with 107 stored sera and 96 prospective patients. The test correctly identified 65 of 68 H. pylori-infected and 37 of 39 noninfected stored sera and 54 of 57 infected and 30 of 39 noninfected patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 96%, 95%, 97%, and 93% in stored serum and 95%, 77%, 86%, and 91% in fresh serum, respectively. We concluded that the ICT, reported at 4 min, is highly sensitive for detecting anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in human serum. With a high negative predictive value, the test may be used to exclude H. pylori infection in symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Sharma
- Section of Gastroenterology, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, MI 48235, USA
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Abstract
AIM To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of a newly developed urea-membrane test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric tissue. METHODS Patients presenting for upper endoscopy with no recent exposure to H. pylori-altering drugs were enrolled. Antral biopsy specimens were tested by the urea-membrane and urea-gel methods and submitted for histology. Patients underwent [13C]urea breath tests. Presence of H. pylori was established by histology or the combination of a positive [13C]urea breath test and a positive urea-gel test. Absence of H.pylori required both the [13C]urea breath test and the invasive tests to be negative. The urea-membrane test was reported at 1 hour. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients (47 men and 52 women) with a mean age of 51.43 +/- 14.9 years participated. Fifty of 99 patients (prevalence, 50.5%) tested positive for H. pylori. The urea-membrane test correctly identified 49 of 50 H. pylori-positive and 46 of 49 H. pylori-negative patients, yielding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 98.0%, 93.9%, and 94.2% and 97.9%, respectively, in this population. CONCLUSIONS Rapidly available and reliable results from the urea-membrane test can facilitate clinical decision prior to patient discharge from the endoscopy suite.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Young
- Section of Gastroenterology, Sinai Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48235, USA
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