1
|
Wang X, Chen R, Liu J, Wang E, Luo H. Liver injury related to vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the USA FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2025:1-9. [PMID: 39881499 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2025.2460449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) are known to cause adverse events like cardiotoxicity and haematotoxicity, their impact on liver injury remains understudied. This study evaluates the association between VEGFR-TKIs and liver injury using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2006 to 2024. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine VEGFR-TKIs (Axitinib, Vandetanib, Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib, Pazopanib, Ponatinib, Regorafenib, Sunitinib, Sorafenib) were analyzed. Disproportionality and Bayesian analyses identified cases of VEGFR-TKI-induced liver injury, assessing onset time, mortality, and hospitalization rates. RESULTS 8,619 cases of liver injury were identified. Pazopanib had the highest association with liver injury (reporting odds ratio 3.9). The median onset of liver injury was 21 days. Mortality was 28.5%, with Sorafenib linked to the highest mortality (48.6%). Lenvatinib had the highest hospitalization rate (56%). CONCLUSION VEGFR-TKIs are associated with liver injury. Close monitoring is required to mitigate the risks of hospitalization and early mortality during treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Berg OK, Aagård N, Helgerud J, Brobakken MF, Hoff J, Wang E. No impairment of maximal oxygen uptake, pulmonary function and walking economy in patients diagnosed with long COVID: consideration of disease severity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2025:10.1007/s00421-025-05722-4. [PMID: 39891711 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-025-05722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
|
3
|
Kovalenko E, Adachi I, Aihara H, Asner DM, Aushev T, Ayad R, Babu V, Banerjee S, Belous K, Bennett J, Bessner M, Bilka T, Biswas D, Bobrov A, Bodrov D, Bondar A, Bozek A, Bračko M, Branchini P, Browder TE, Budano A, Campajola M, Chang MC, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Cho HE, Cho K, Cho SJ, Choi SK, Choi Y, Choudhury S, Dash N, De Nardo G, De Pietro G, Dhamija R, Di Capua F, Doležal Z, Dong TV, Dubey S, Ecker P, Epifanov D, Ferlewicz D, Fulsom BG, Garg R, Gaur V, Garmash A, Giri A, Goldenzweig P, Graziani E, Gu T, Guan Y, Gudkova K, Hadjivasiliou C, Hara T, Hayasaka K, Hazra S, Hou WS, Hsu CL, Inami K, Ipsita N, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Jacobs WW, Jin Y, Kawasaki T, Kiesling C, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kim KH, Kim YK, Kinoshita K, Kodyš P, Korobov A, Korpar S, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kumar R, Kumara K, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lai YT, Lam T, Levit D, Li LK, Li Gioi L, Libby J, Liventsev D, Ma Y, Martini A, Masuda M, Matsuda T, Matvienko D, Meier F, Merola M, Miyabayashi K, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Mussa R, Nakamura I, Nakao M, Natkaniec Z, Natochii A, Nayak L, Nayak M, Niiyama M, Nishida S, Ogawa S, Ono H, Pakhlova G, Pardi S, Park J, Park SH, Passeri A, Patra S, Paul S, Pedlar TK, Pestotnik R, Piilonen LE, Podobnik T, Prencipe E, Prim MT, Purohit MV, Rout N, Russo G, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Savinov V, Schnell G, Schwanda C, Seino Y, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shan W, Sharma C, Shiu JG, Shwartz B, Sokolov A, Solovieva E, Starič M, Sumihama M, Takizawa M, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Tenchini F, Tiwary R, Uchida M, Unno Y, Uno S, Usov Y, Vinokurova A, Wang D, Wang E, Wang MZ, Wang XL, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yan W, Yang SB, Yelton J, Yin JH, Yook Y, Yuan CZ, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V. Evidence of h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η Decay and Search for h_{b}(1P,2P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0} with the Belle Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:261901. [PMID: 39879008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.261901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
We report the first evidence for the h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η transition with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations. The decay branching fraction is measured to be B[h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η]=(7.1_{-3.2}^{+3.7}±0.8)×10^{-3}, which is noticeably smaller than expected. We also set upper limits on π^{0} transitions of B[h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0}]<1.8×10^{-3}, and B[h_{b}(1P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0}]<1.8×10^{-3}, at the 90% confidence level. These results are obtained with a 131.4 fb^{-1} data sample collected near the ϒ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berg OK, Aagård N, Helgerud J, Brobakken MF, Hoff J, Wang E. Maximal oxygen uptake, pulmonary function and walking economy are not impaired in patients diagnosed with long COVID. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05652-7. [PMID: 39611942 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 may result in the development of new symptoms, known as long COVID, a few months after the original infection. PURPOSE It is elusive to what extent physical capacity in patients diagnosed with long COVID is impacted. METHODS We compared maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), one of the single most important factors for cardiovascular health and mortality, expired lung volumes and air flow, oxygen cost of walking and 6-min-walking-test (6MWT), in 20 patients diagnosed with long COVID (11 males and 9 females; 44 ± 16 years (SD); 26.7 ± 3.8BMI, duration of acute phase 1.7 ± 1.2 weeks, tested 4 ± 3 months after long COVID diagnosis) with 20 healthy age and sex matched controls (11 males and 9 females; 44 ± 16 years; 25.9 ± 4.0BMI). RESULTS Long COVID patients had a V̇O2max of 41.4 ± 16.2 mL∙kg-1∙min-1(men) and 38.2 ± 7.5 (women) and this was not different from controls. Similarly, mean spirometry measures in the patient group (VC; FVC; FEV1; FEV1/FVC) were also not different (85-106%) from predicted healthy values. Finally, inclined treadmill (5%, 4 km∙h-1) walking economy was not different between the groups (long COVID: 15.2 ± 1.1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1; controls: 15.2 ± 1.2 mL∙kg-1∙min-1), while the 6MWT revealed a difference (long COVID: 606 ± 118 m; controls: 685 ± 85 m; p = 0.036). CONCLUSION V̇O2max, oxygen cost of walking, and spirometry measurements did not appear to be impaired in patients diagnosed with long COVID with a prior mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. The typical outcomes in these essential factors for health and longevity implies that while long COVID can present with a range of symptoms, caution should be made when attributing these symptoms directly to compromised pulmonary function or V̇O2max.
Collapse
|
5
|
Duval B, Abdolmaleki A, Agostini M, Ajay C, Alberti S, Alessi E, Anastasiou G, Andrèbe Y, Apruzzese G, Auriemma F, Ayllon-Guerola J, Bagnato F, Baillod A, Bairaktaris F, Balbinot L, Balestri A, Baquero-Ruiz M, Barcellona C, Bernert M, Bin W, Blanchard P, Boedo J, Bolzonella T, Bombarda F, Boncagni L, Bonotto M, Bosman T, Brida D, Brunetti D, Buchli J, Buerman J, Buratti P, Burckhart A, Busil D, Caloud J, Camenen Y, Cardinali A, Carli S, Carnevale D, Carpanese F, Carpita M, Castaldo C, Causa F, Cavalier J, Cavedon M, Cazabonne J, Cerovsky J, Chapman B, Chernyshova M, Chmielewski P, Chomiczewska A, Ciraolo G, Coda S, Colandrea C, Contré C, Coosemans R, Cordaro L, Costea S, Craciunescu T, Crombe K, Dal Molin A, D’Arcangelo O, de Las Casas D, Decker J, Degrave J, de Oliveira H, Derks G, di Grazia L, Donner C, Dreval M, Dunne M, Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud G, Esposito B, Ewalds T, Faitsch M, Farník M, Fasoli A, Felici F, Ferreira J, Février O, Ficker O, Frank A, Fransson E, Frassinetti L, Fritz L, Furno I, Galassi D, Gałązka K, Galdon-Quiroga J, Galeani S, Galperti C, Garavaglia S, Garcia-Munoz M, Gaudio P, Gelfusa M, Genoud J, Gerrú Miguelanez R, Ghillardi G, Giacomin M, Gil L, Gillgren A, Giroud C, Golfinopoulos T, Goodman T, Gorini G, Gorno S, Grenfell G, Griener M, Gruca M, Gyergyek T, Hafner R, Hamed M, Hamm D, Han W, Harrer G, Harrison J, Hassabis D, Henderson S, Hennequin P, Hidalgo-Salaverri J, Hogge JP, Hoppe M, Horacek J, Huber A, Huett E, Iantchenko A, Innocente P, Ionita-Schrittwieser C, Ivanova Stanik I, Jablczynska M, Jansen van Vuuren A, Jardin A, Järleblad H, Järvinen A, Kalis J, Karimov R, Karpushov A, Kavukcuoglu K, Kay J, Kazakov Y, Keeling J, Kirjasuo A, Koenders J, Kohli P, Komm M, Kong M, Kovacic J, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E, Krutkin O, Kudlacek O, Kumar U, Kwiatkowski R, Labit B, Laguardia L, Laszynska E, Lazaros A, Lee K, Lerche E, Linehan B, Liuzza D, Lunt T, Macusova E, Mancini D, Mantica P, Maraschek M, Marceca G, Marchioni S, Mariani A, Marin M, Marinoni A, Martellucci L, Martin Y, Martin P, Martinelli L, Martinelli F, Martin-Solis J, Masillo S, Masocco R, Masson V, Mathews A, Mattei M, Mazon D, Mazzi S, Mazzi S, Medvedev S, Meineri C, Mele A, Menkovski V, Merle A, Meyer H, Mikszuta-Michalik K, Miron I, Molina Cabrera P, Moro A, Murari A, Muscente P, Mykytchuk D, Nabais F, Napoli F, Nem R, Neunert M, Nielsen S, Nielsen A, Nocente M, Noury S, Nowak S, Nyström H, Offeddu N, Olasz S, Oliva F, Oliveira D, Orsitto F, Osborne N, Oyola Dominguez P, Pan O, Panontin E, Papadopoulos A, Papagiannis P, Papp G, Passoni M, Pastore F, Pau A, Pavlichenko R, Pedersen A, Pedrini M, Pelka G, Peluso E, Perek A, Perez Von Thun C, Pesamosca F, Pfau D, Piergotti V, Pigatto L, Piron C, Piron L, Pironti A, Plank U, Plyusnin V, Poels Y, Pokol G, Poley-Sanjuan J, Poradzinski M, Porte L, Possieri C, Poulsen A, Pueschel M, Pütterich T, Quadri V, Rabinski M, Ragona R, Raj H, Redl A, Reimerdes H, Reux C, Ricci D, Riedmiller M, Rienäcker S, Rigamonti D, Rispoli N, Rivero-Rodriguez J, Romero Madrid C, Rueda Rueda J, Ryan P, Salewski M, Salmi A, Sassano M, Sauter O, Schoonheere N, Schrittwieser R, Sciortino F, Selce A, Senni L, Sharapov S, Sheikh U, Sieglin B, Silva M, Silvagni D, Simmendefeldt Schmidt B, Simons L, Solano E, Sozzi C, Spolaore M, Spolladore L, Stagni A, Strand P, Sun G, Suttrop W, Svoboda J, Tal B, Tala T, Tamain P, Tardocchi M, Tema Biwole A, Tenaglia A, Terranova D, Testa D, Theiler C, Thornton A, Thrysoe A, Tomes M, Tonello E, Torreblanca H, Tracey B, Tsimpoukelli M, Tsironis C, Tsui C, Ugoletti M, Vallar M, van Berkel M, van Mulders S, van Rossem M, Venturini C, Veranda M, Verdier T, Verhaegh K, Vermare L, Vianello N, Viezzer E, Villone F, Vincent B, Vincenzi P, Voitsekhovitch I, Votta L, Vu N, Wang Y, Wang E, Wauters T, Weiland M, Weisen H, Wendler N, Wiesen S, Wiesenberger M, Wijkamp T, Wüthrich C, Yadykin D, Yang H, Yanovskiy V, Zebrowski J, Zestanakis P, Zuin M, Zurita M. Experimental research on the TCV tokamak. NUCLEAR FUSION 2024; 64:112023. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
Abstract
Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), recently celebrating 30 years of near-continual operation, continues in its missions to advance outstanding key physics and operational scenario issues for ITER and the design of future power plants such as DEMO. The main machine heating systems and operational changes are first described. Then follow five sections: plasma scenarios. ITER Base-Line (IBL) discharges, triangularity studies together with X3 heating and N2 seeding. Edge localised mode suppression, with a high radiation region near the X-point is reported with N2 injection with and without divertor baffles in a snowflake configuration. Negative triangularity (NT) discharges attained record, albeit transient, β
N ∼ 3 with lower turbulence, higher low-Z impurity transport, vertical stability and density limits and core transport better than the IBL. Positive triangularity L-Mode linear and saturated ohmic confinement confinement saturation, often-correlated with intrinsic toroidal rotation reversals, was probed for D, H and He working gases. H-mode confinement and pedestal studies were extended to low collisionality with electron cyclotron heating obtaining steady state electron iternal transport barrier with neutral beam heating (NBH), and NBH driven H-mode configurations with off-axis co-electron cyclotron current drive. Fast particle physics. The physics of disruptions, runaway electrons and fast ions (FIs) was developed using near-full current conversion at disruption with recombination thresholds characterised for impurity species (Ne, Ar, Kr). Different flushing gases (D2, H2) and pathways to trigger a benign disruption were explored. The 55 kV NBH II generated a rich Alfvénic spectrum modulating the FI fas ion loss detector signal. NT configurations showed less toroidal Alfvén excitation activity preferentially affecting higher FI pitch angles. Scrape-off layer and edge physics. gas puff imaging systems characterised turbulent plasma ejection for several advanced divertor configurations, including NT. Combined diagnostic array divertor state analysis in detachment conditions was compared to modelling revealing an importance for molecular processes. Divertor physics. Internal gas baffles diversified to include shorter/longer structures on the high and/or low field side to probe compressive efficiency. Divertor studies concentrated upon mitigating target power, facilitating detachment and increasing the radiated power fraction employing alternative divertor geometries, optimised X-point radiator regimes and long-legged configurations. Smaller-than-expected improvements with total flux expansion were better modelled when including parallel flows. Peak outer target heat flux reduction was achieved (>50%) for high flux-expansion geometries, maintaining core performance (H
98 > 1). A reduction in target heat loads and facilitated detachment access at lower core densities is reported. Real-time control. TCV’s real-time control upgrades employed MIMO gas injector control of stable, robust, partial detachment and plasma β feedback control avoiding neoclassical tearing modes with plasma confinement changes. Machine-learning enhancements include trajectory tracking disruption proximity and avoidance as well as a first-of-its-kind reinforcement learning-based controller for the plasma equilibrium trained entirely on a free-boundary simulator. Finally, a short description of TCV’s immediate future plans will be given.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang MJ, Wang E. Reply letter. J Clin Anesth 2024; 97:111542. [PMID: 38945058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
|
7
|
Chen X, Wang C, Dong Z, Luo H, Ye C, Li L, Wang E. Unintentional fall mortality by place, sex, and age group among older Chinese adults, 2010-21. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04170. [PMID: 39325920 PMCID: PMC10715456 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional falls are known to be a leading cause of injury mortality among older Chinese adults, yet we lack data on the most recent trends in related mortality. To address this, we used the latest nationally representative data from China to examine trends in elderly unintentional fall mortality by place (urban/rural), sex (men/women), and age group (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and ≥85 years) from 2010 to 2021. Methods We retrieved mortality data from the Chinese Health Statistical Yearbook (2010-21) and population data from the Chinese Population Census (2010, 2020). Using line graphs, we examined mortality trends over time. We fitted a joinpoint regression model to detect periods experiencing significant changes and calculated the average and specific annual percentage change of mortality rates to quantify significant changes in the mortality of the elderly due to unintentional falls. Results Between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised mortality rate from unintentional falls increased from 45.7 to 67.8 per 100 000 population among Chinese adults aged 65 years and older. Subgroup analyses by sex and place showed similar changing patterns to the overall mortality trends. The joinpoint regression identified certain recent periods that saw significant increases in mortality among adults aged 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and 80-84 years. During the study period, men and individuals living in rural areas generally had higher unintentional fall mortality rates than women and people living in urban areas (mortality rate ratios: 1.09-1.21 for men vs. women and 1.01-1.27 for rural areas vs. urban areas). Notably, the differences between urban and rural areas, and those between men and women, were consistent across the three younger age groups (65-69, 70-74, and 75-79 years) studied, but reduced in the two oldest age groups (80-84 and ≥85 years). Conclusions The age-standardised mortality rate from unintentional falls increased between 2010 and 2021 among Chinese adults aged 65 years or older, with wide variations across years. Unintentional fall mortality has recently increased among adults aged 65 to 84 years. Differences between urban and rural areas, as well as between men and women, deserve the attention of injury researchers and policymakers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Liu X, Guo L, Liu X, Gao Q, Wang E, Dong Z. PPARγ agonist alleviates calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics in renal tubular epithelial cell. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310947. [PMID: 39325731 PMCID: PMC11426502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone formation is a common disease that causes a significant threat to human health. The crystallization mechanism of calcium oxalate, the most common type of kidney stone, has been extensively researched, yet the damaging effects and mechanisms of calcium oxalate crystals on renal tubular epithelial cells remain incompletely elucidated. Regulated mitochondrial dynamics is essential for eukaryotic cells, but its role in the occurrence and progression of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis is not yet understood. METHODS An animal model of calcium oxalate-related nephrolithiasis was established in adult male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats by continuously administering drinking water containing 1% ethylene glycol for 28 days. The impact of calcium oxalate crystals on mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells was investigated using HK2 cells in vitro. Blood samples and bilateral kidney tissues were collected for histopathological evaluation and processed for tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress detection, and mitochondrial dynamics parameter analysis. RESULTS Calcium oxalate crystals caused higher levels of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Administration of a PPARγ agonist significantly alleviated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells, and improved renal function, accompanied by reduced levels of oxidative stress, increased antioxidant enzyme expression, alleviation of inflammation, and reduced fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that increased mitochondrial fission in renal tubular epithelial cells is a critical component of kidney injury caused by calcium oxalate stones, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the tissue and the subsequent initiation of apoptosis. Regulating mitochondrial dynamics represents a promising approach for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang MJ, Jia ZW, Wang E, Li JC, Tang AM, Song ZB, Zhang Z. Night shift work and myocardial infarction in the UK Biobank. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:409-416. [PMID: 38944843 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work has become popular along with adverse effects such as disrupted biological rhythms, metabolic changes, sleep disorders and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown a link between myocardial infarction and shift work, but evidence is still lacking. AIMS We aim to explore the association between present and past shift work and risk of myocardial infarction in a large population of European workers. METHODS We analysed data from the UK Biobank with >500 000 participants and an average 12-year follow-up duration. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyse the relationship between present shift work (n = 265 064), lifetime duration or frequency of shift work (n = 71 428) and the risk of myocardial infarction, as well as the association between rest day during shift work and myocardial infarction incidents in night shift workers (n = 14 588). RESULTS Night shift workers had a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to day workers, including 'shift but never/rarely night shifts' (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.20), 'some night shifts' (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27) and 'usual/permanent night shifts' (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.07-1.37), respectively. Similarly, higher frequency and longer duration of night shift work were associated with the increased risk of myocardial infarction (<10 years: HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42; ≥10 years: HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.77; or an average of more than eight nights per month: HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.71). However, longer rest days couldn't decrease myocardial infarction risk compared to those who rest 1 day. CONCLUSIONS Present and lifetime exposure to night shifts were associated with a risk of myocardial infarction and did not benefit from longer rest days.
Collapse
|
10
|
Adachi I, Aggarwal L, Aihara H, Akopov N, Aloisio A, Al Said S, Asner DM, Atmacan H, Aushev V, Aversano M, Ayad R, Babu V, Bae H, Bahinipati S, Bambade P, Banerjee S, Bansal S, Barrett M, Baudot J, Beaubien A, Becherer F, Becker J, Belous K, Bennett JV, Bernlochner FU, Bertacchi V, Bertemes M, Bertholet E, Bessner M, Bettarini S, Bianchi F, Bierwirth L, Bilka T, Biswas D, Bobrov A, Bodrov D, Bolz A, Borah J, Bozek A, Bračko M, Branchini P, Briere RA, Browder TE, Budano A, Bussino S, Campajola M, Cao L, Casarosa G, Cecchi C, Cerasoli J, Chang MC, Chang P, Cheaib R, Cheema P, Chen C, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Chirapatpimol K, Cho HE, Cho K, Cho SJ, Choi SK, Choi Y, Choudhury S, Cochran J, Corona L, Das S, Dattola F, De La Cruz-Burelo E, De La Motte SA, de Marino G, De Nardo G, De Pietro G, de Sangro R, Destefanis M, Dey S, Dhamija R, Di Capua F, Dingfelder J, Doležal Z, Dong TV, Dorigo M, Dort K, Dossett D, Dreyer S, Dubey S, Dugic K, Dujany G, Ecker P, Epifanov D, Feichtinger P, Ferber T, Ferlewicz D, Fillinger T, Finck C, Finocchiaro G, Fodor A, Forti F, Fulsom BG, Gabrielli A, Ganiev E, Garcia-Hernandez M, Garg R, Gaudino G, Gaur V, Gellrich A, Ghevondyan G, Ghosh D, Ghumaryan H, Giakoustidis G, Giordano R, Giri A, Glazov A, Gobbo B, Godang R, Gogota O, Goldenzweig P, Grammatico T, Granderath S, Graziani E, Greenwald D, Gruberová Z, Gu T, Guan Y, Gudkova K, Han Y, Hara T, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hazra S, Hedges MT, Heidelbach A, Heredia de la Cruz I, Hernández Villanueva M, Higuchi T, Hoek M, Hohmann M, Horak P, Hsu CL, Humair T, Iijima T, Inami K, Inguglia G, Ipsita N, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Jacobs WW, Jang EJ, Ji QP, Jia S, Jin Y, Junkerkalefeld H, Kalita D, Kaliyar AB, Kandra J, Kang S, Karyan G, Kawasaki T, Keil F, Kiesling C, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kim KH, Kim YK, Kinoshita K, Kodyš P, Koga T, Kohani S, Kojima K, Korobov A, Korpar S, Kovalenko E, Kowalewski R, Kraetzschmar TMG, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kulii Y, Kumar J, Kumar M, Kumara K, Kunigo T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lacaprara S, Lai YT, Lalwani K, Lam T, Lanceri L, Lange JS, Laurenza M, Lautenbach K, Leboucher R, Le Diberder FR, Lee MJ, Leo P, Levit D, Lewis PM, Li LK, Li Y, Li YB, Libby J, Liu QY, Liu Y, Liu ZQ, Liventsev D, Longo S, Lueck T, Luo T, Lyu C, Ma Y, Maggiora M, Maharana SP, Maiti R, Maity S, Mancinelli G, Manfredi R, Manoni E, Mantovano M, Marcantonio D, Marinas C, Martellini C, Martinov T, Massaccesi L, Masuda M, Matvienko D, Maurya SK, McKenna JA, Mehta R, Meier F, Merola M, Metzner F, Miller C, Mirra M, Mitra S, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moneta S, Moser HG, Mrvar M, Mussa R, Nakamura I, Nakamura KR, Nakao M, Nakazawa Y, Narimani Charan A, Naruki M, Natkaniec Z, Natochii A, Nayak L, Nayak M, Nazaryan G, Neu M, Ninkovic J, Nishida S, Ogawa S, Onishchuk Y, Ono H, Otani F, Pakhlova G, Panta A, Pardi S, Parham K, Park SH, Paschen B, Passeri A, Patra S, Pedlar TK, Peschke R, Pestotnik R, Piilonen LE, Podesta-Lerma PLM, Podobnik T, Pokharel S, Praz C, Prell S, Prencipe E, Prim MT, Prudiiev I, Purwar H, Rados P, Raeuber G, Raiz S, Rauls N, Reif M, Reiter S, Remnev M, Ripp-Baudot I, Rizzo G, Robertson SH, Roehrken M, Roney JM, Rostomyan A, Rout N, Russo G, Sanders DA, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Sato Y, Savinov V, Scavino B, Schmitt C, Schnell G, Schwanda C, Schwickardi M, Seino Y, Selce A, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Sfienti C, Shan W, Shi XD, Shillington T, Shiu JG, Shtol D, Shwartz B, Sibidanov A, Simon F, Singh JB, Skorupa J, Sobie RJ, Sobotzik M, Soffer A, Sokolov A, Solovieva E, Spataro S, Spruck B, Starič M, Stavroulakis P, Stefkova S, Stroili R, Sumihama M, Sumisawa K, Sutcliffe W, Suwonjandee N, Svidras H, Takizawa M, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Tenchini F, Tittel O, Tiwary R, Torassa E, Trabelsi K, Tsaklidis I, Uchida M, Ueda I, Uglov T, Unger K, Unno Y, Uno K, Uno S, Urquijo P, Ushiroda Y, Vahsen SE, van Tonder R, Varvell KE, Veronesi M, Vinokurova A, Vismaya VS, Vitale L, Vobbilisetti V, Volpe R, Wakai M, Wallner S, Wang E, Wang MZ, Wang XL, Wang Z, Warburton A, Watanabe M, Watanuki S, Wessel C, Won E, Xu XP, Yabsley BD, Yamada S, Yan W, Yang SB, Yelton J, Yin JH, Yoshihara K, Yuan CZ, Zani L, Zeng F, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhilich V, Zhou QD, Zhukova VI, Žlebčík R. Search for Rare b→dℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Transitions at Belle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:101804. [PMID: 39303229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
We present the results of a search for the b→dℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} flavor-changing neutral-current rare decays B^{+,0}→(η,ω,π^{+,0},ρ^{+,0})e^{+}e^{-} and B^{+,0}→(η,ω,π^{0},ρ^{+})μ^{+}μ^{-} using a 711 fb^{-1} data sample that contains 772×10^{6} BB[over ¯] events. The data were collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We find no evidence for signal and set upper limits on branching fractions at the 90% confidence level in the range (3.8-47)×10^{-8} depending on the decay channel. The obtained limits are the world's best results. This is the first search for the channels B^{+,0}→(ω,ρ^{+,0})e^{+}e^{-} and B^{+,0}→(ω,ρ^{+})μ^{+}μ^{-}.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang MJ, Chen N, Ye CY, Li Q, Luo H, Wu JH, Liu XY, Guo Q, Sessler DI, Wang E. Association between hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 administration during noncardiac surgery and postoperative acute kidney injury: A propensity score-matched analysis of a large cohort in China. J Clin Anesth 2024; 96:111493. [PMID: 38723416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The use of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 has been linked to renal injury in critically ill patients, but its impact on surgical patients remains uncertain. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING This study was conducted at one tertiary care hospital in China. PATIENTS We evaluated the records of 51,926 Chinese adults who underwent noncardiac surgery from 2013 to 2022. Patients given a combination of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and crystalloids were propensity-matched at a 1: 1 ratio of baseline characteristics to patients given only crystalloids (11,725 pairs). INTERVENTIONS Eligible patients were divided into those given a combination of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and crystalloid during surgery and a reference crystalloid group consisting of patients who were not given any colloid. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the incidence of acute kidney injury. Secondarily, acute kidney injury stage, need for renal replacement therapy, intensive care unit transfer rate, and duration of postoperative hospitalization were considered. MAIN RESULTS After matching, hydroxyethyl starch use [8.5 (IQR: 7.5-10.0) mL/kg] did not increase the incidence of acute kidney injury compared with that in the crystalloid group [2.0 vs. 2.2%, OR: 0.90 (0.74-1.08), P = 0.25]. Nor did hydroxyethyl starch use worsen acute kidney injury stage [OR 0.90 (0.75-1.08), P = 0.26]. No significant differences between the fluid groups were observed in renal replacement therapy [OR 0.60 (0.41-0.90), P = 0.02)] or intensive care unit transfers [OR 1.02 (0.95-1.09), P = 0.53] after Bonferroni correction. Even in a subset of patients at high risk of renal injury, hydroxyethyl starch use was not associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 use was not significantly associated with a greater incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury compared to receiving crystalloid solutions only.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu T, Savinov V, Adachi I, Aihara H, Asner DM, Atmacan H, Aushev T, Ayad R, Banerjee S, Belous K, Bennett J, Bessner M, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Biswas D, Bobrov A, Bodrov D, Borah J, Bozek A, Bračko M, Branchini P, Browder TE, Budano A, Campajola M, Červenkov D, Chang MC, Chang P, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Cho K, Choi SK, Choi Y, Choudhury S, Das S, De Nardo G, De Pietro G, Dhamija R, Di Capua F, Dingfelder J, Doležal Z, Dong TV, Dubey S, Ecker P, Ferber T, Ferlewicz D, Fulsom BG, Gaur V, Giri A, Goldenzweig P, Graziani E, Guan Y, Gudkova K, Hadjivasiliou C, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hedges MT, Herrmann D, Hou WS, Hsu CL, Ipsita N, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Jacobs WW, Jia S, Jin Y, Joo KK, Kawasaki T, Kiesling C, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kim KH, Kim YJ, Kodyš P, Korobov A, Korpar S, Kovalenko E, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kumara K, Kumita T, Kwon YJ, Lai YT, Lee SC, Levit D, Li LK, Li YB, Li Gioi L, Liventsev D, Masuda M, Matsuda T, Maurya SK, Meier F, Merola M, Metzner F, Miyabayashi K, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Mussa R, Nakamura I, Nakao M, Natkaniec Z, Natochii A, Nayak L, Nayak M, Niiyama M, Nishida S, Ogawa S, Pakhlova G, Pardi S, Park H, Park J, Park SH, Passeri A, Patra S, Paul S, Pedlar TK, Pestotnik R, Piilonen LE, Podobnik T, Prencipe E, Prim MT, Röhrken M, Russo G, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Schnell G, Schwanda C, Seino Y, Senyo K, Sevior ME, Shan W, Sharma C, Shiu JG, Solovieva E, Starič M, Takizawa M, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Tenchini F, Tiwary R, Trabelsi K, Uchida M, Unno Y, Uno S, Usov Y, Vahsen SE, Varvell KE, Vinokurova A, Wang E, Wang MZ, Wang XL, Watanuki S, Won E, Xu X, Yabsley BD, Yan W, Yang SB, Yuan L, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhukova V. Search for Baryon-Number-Violating Processes in B^{-} Decays to the Ξ[over ¯]_{c}^{0}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-} Final State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:071802. [PMID: 39213574 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the results of the first search for B^{-} decays to the Ξ[over ¯]_{c}^{0}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-} final state using 711 fb^{-1} of data collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The results are interpreted in terms of both direct baryon-number-violating B^{-} decay and Ξ_{c}^{0}-Ξ[over ¯]_{c}^{0} oscillations which follow the standard model decay B^{-}→Ξ_{c}^{0}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}. We observe no evidence for baryon number violation and set the 95% confidence-level upper limits on the ratio of baryon-number-violating and standard model branching fractions B(B^{-}→Ξ[over ¯]_{c}^{0}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-})/B(B^{-}→Ξ_{c}^{0}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-}) to be <2.7% and on the effective angular frequency of mixing ω in Ξ_{c}^{0}-Ξ[over ¯]_{c}^{0} oscillations to be <0.76 ps^{-1} (equivalent to τ_{mix}>1.3 ps).
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng XQ, Yu H, Wang WJ, Wu QL, Wei H, Deng JS, Li ZJ, Wu JZ, Yang JJ, Zheng XM, Wei JJ, Fan SS, Zou XH, Shi J, Zhang FX, Wu DQ, Kou DP, Wang T, Wang E, Ye Z, Zheng X, Chen G, Huang WQ, Chen Y, Wei X, Chai XQ, Huang WQ, Wang L, Li K, Li L, Zhang Y, Li R, Jiao JL, Yu H, Liu J. Effect of volatile versus propofol anaesthesia on major complications and mortality after cardiac surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. Br J Anaesth 2024; 133:296-304. [PMID: 38839471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in terms of patient outcomes after cardiac surgery remains a topic of debate. METHODS Multicentre randomised trial in 16 tertiary hospitals in China. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive volatile anaesthesia (sevoflurane or desflurane) or propofol-based TIVA. The primary outcome was a composite of predefined major complications during hospitalisation and mortality 30 days after surgery. RESULTS Of the 3123 randomised patients, 3083 (98.7%; mean age 55 yr; 1419 [46.0%] women) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The composite primary outcome was met by a similar number of patients in both groups (volatile group: 517 of 1531 (33.8%) patients vs TIVA group: 515 of 1552 (33.2%) patients; relative risk 1.02 [0.92-1.12]; P=0.76; adjusted odds ratio 1.05 [0.90-1.22]; P=0.57). Secondary outcomes including 6-month and 1-yr mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and healthcare costs, were also similar for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among adults undergoing cardiac surgery, we found no difference in the clinical effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and propofol-based TIVA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-17013578).
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu YH, Hu C, Yang XM, Zhang Y, Cao YL, Xiao F, Zhang JJ, Ma LQ, Zhou ZW, Hou SY, Wang E, Loepke AW, Deng M. Association of preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 with mortality, respiratory morbidity and extrapulmonary complications after elective, noncardiac surgery: An observational cohort study. J Clin Anesth 2024; 95:111467. [PMID: 38593491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of preoperative infection with the contemporary strain of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative mortality, respiratory morbidity and extrapulmonary complications after elective, noncardiac surgery. DESIGN An ambidirectional observational cohort study. SETTING A tertiary and teaching hospital in Shanghai, China. PATIENTS All adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent elective, noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia at Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January until March 2023 were screened for eligibility. A total of 2907 patients were included. EXPOSURE Preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. The secondary outcomes included postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), acute kidney injury (AKI), postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk of postoperative mortality and morbidity imposed by preoperative COVID-19. MAIN RESULTS The risk of 30-day postoperative mortality was not associated with preoperative COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.13-1.28, P = 0.123] or operation timing relative to diagnosis. Preoperative COVID-19 did not increase the risk of PPCs (aOR, 95% CI: 0.99, 0.71-1.38, P = 0.944), MINS (aOR, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.22-1.30; P = 0.168), or AKI (aOR, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.10-1.09; P = 0.070) or affect postoperative sleep quality. Patients who underwent surgery within 7 weeks after COVID-19 had increased odds of developing delirium (aOR, 95% CI: 2.26, 1.05-4.86, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative COVID-19 or timing of surgery relative to diagnosis did not confer any added risk of 30-day postoperative mortality, PPCs, MINS or AKI. However, recent COVID-19 increased the risk of POD. Perioperative brain health should be considered during preoperative risk assessment for COVID-19 survivors.
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo N, Gao X, Ye C, Wang L, Tang L, Xie Y, Wang E. Establishment and validation of a risk prediction model for delayed neurocognitive recovery associated with cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring. Perioper Med (Lond) 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 39014493 PMCID: PMC11253552 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-024-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) is a common complication in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, and there are currently no effective therapies. It is vital to provide a reliable basis for clinical prediction. This study tried to analyse the risk factors for DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery and to establish a risk prediction model. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and DNR status of patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2018 to July 2020 was conducted. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the related risk factors for DNR post-operatively, and the predictive model of DNR post-operatively was constructed and validated internally. Patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery between January and July 2021 were also selected for external validation of the predictive model, to ultimately investigate the risk factors for DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. RESULTS The incidence of DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery was 15.2% (31/204). The maximum variability of cerebral oxygen, age, education, and pre-existing diabetes was related to the incidence of DNR (p < 0.05). The risk prediction model of DNR after laparoscopic colorectal surgery was established. The internal and external validation showed that the discrimination was good (the AUCs were 0.751 and 0.694, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The risk prediction model of DNR related to cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring shows good predictive performance and clinical value, providing a basis for postoperative DNR prevention.
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo S, Guo L, Chen N, Guo Q, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wang E. CRY2 mediates the cognitive decline induced by sleep deprivation in 5xFAD mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306930. [PMID: 39012854 PMCID: PMC11251589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptochrome-2 (CRY2) is a core rhythm gene that plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair. The present study investigated the potential role of CRY2 in mediating sleep deprivation-induced cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. METHODS To assess the effects of SD on different brain regions of the mouse brain, we used 18F FDG PET-CT. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test and Y-maze. Lentivirus was used for the overexpression of CRY2, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used for the downregulation of CRY2 to verify the effect of CRY2. We used qRT‒PCR and Western blotting to identify the downstream factors of CRY2 and evaluated the cognitive function of mice to confirm the effects of these factors. RESULTS The AD mice exhibited cognitive decline after 21 days of SD and had higher expression of CRY2 compared to AD mice with normal sleep. Overexpression of CRY2 led to decreased cognitive function in AD mice, and the downregulation of CRY2 attenuated the SD-induced cognitive decline in AD mice. CRY2 reduced the expression and function of CISH, which reduced the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and led to synaptic dysfunction. CISH overexpression attenuated the impairing effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in AD mice. Furthermore, 18F FDG PET-CT revealed that SD significantly reduced glucose metabolism in different brain regions of AD mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that sleep deprivation upregulated CRY2 in the hippocampus of AD mice, which resulted in synaptic dysfunction by decreasing CISH-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu J, Song Z, Zhao L, Gonzalez SC, Wang E, Hou X. The temporal trends of prevalence and years lived with disability of anaemia in China, Japan, and South Korea, from 1990 to 2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04073. [PMID: 38779874 PMCID: PMC11112532 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the disease burden of anaemia varies globally, yet they have not yet determined its exact extent in East Asian countries specifically. We thus aimed to investigate the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to anaemia from 1990 to 2021 in China, Japan, and South Korea. Methods We extracted the prevalence and YLDs with their age-standardised rates (ASRs) in China, Japan, and South Korea from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, stratified by sex, age, and causes. We then examined the temporal trend of anaemia burden from 1990 to 2021 using joinpoint analysis and the association of anaemia burden with the Human Development Index and Universal Health Index through Spearman's correlation analysis. Results In 2021, anaemia affected 136 million people in China (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 131, 141), with ASRs of prevalence of 8.9% (95% UI = 8.6, 9.3), and accounted for 3.0 million YLDs (95% UI = 2.0, 4.4). It affected 13.6 million people in Japan (95% UI = 11.8, 16.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 7.4% (95% UI = 6.1, 9.0), and caused 181 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 108, 282). It also affected 2.7 million individuals in South Korea (95% UI = 2.4, 3.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 5.2% (95% UI = 4.6, 5.7), and led to 34 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 22, 55). We observed a significant gender discrepancy in the anaemia burden in these three countries, with the prevalence and YLD rates in women being almost twice as high as those in men. Moreover, the peak age of the anaemia burden shifted toward higher age groups in all three countries, particularly in Japan. Chronic kidney disease was responsible for a growing share of anaemia cases and YLDs, especially in adults aged more than 60 years in Japan and South Korea. Haemoglobinopathies were another noticeable cause of anaemia in China, though dietary iron deficiency remained the leading cause. Both socioeconomic development and essential health service coverage showed negative associations with the anaemia burden in the three countries in the past three decades, though with differential patterns. Conclusions Anaemia remains a major public health issue in China, Japan, and South Korea; targeted surveillance and interventions are recommended for high-risk populations and cause-specific anaemia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen N, Guo L, Wang L, Dai S, Zhu X, Wang E. Sleep fragmentation exacerbates myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury by promoting copper overload in cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3834. [PMID: 38714741 PMCID: PMC11076509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders increase the risk and mortality of heart disease, but the brain-heart interaction has not yet been fully elucidated. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent type of cell death activated by the excessive accumulation of intracellular copper. Here, we showed that 16 weeks of sleep fragmentation (SF) resulted in elevated copper levels in the male mouse heart and exacerbated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with increased myocardial cuproptosis and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that SF promotes sympathetic overactivity, increases the germination of myocardial sympathetic nerve terminals, and increases the level of norepinephrine in cardiac tissue, thereby inhibits VPS35 expression and leads to impaired ATP7A related copper transport and copper overload in cardiomyocytes. Copper overload further leads to exacerbated cuproptosis and apoptosis, and these effects can be rescued by excision of the sympathetic nerve or administration of copper chelating agent. Our study elucidates one of the molecular mechanisms by which sleep disorders aggravate myocardial injury and suggests possible targets for intervention.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhattacharyya P, Chen W, Huang X, Chatterjee S, Huang B, Kobrin B, Lyu Y, Smart TJ, Block M, Wang E, Wang Z, Wu W, Hsieh S, Ma H, Mandyam S, Chen B, Davis E, Geballe ZM, Zu C, Struzhkin V, Jeanloz R, Moore JE, Cui T, Galli G, Halperin BI, Laumann CR, Yao NY. Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors. Nature 2024; 627:73-79. [PMID: 38418887 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
By directly altering microscopic interactions, pressure provides a powerful tuning knob for the exploration of condensed phases and geophysical phenomena1. The megabar regime represents an interesting frontier, in which recent discoveries include high-temperature superconductors, as well as structural and valence phase transitions2-6. However, at such high pressures, many conventional measurement techniques fail. Here we demonstrate the ability to perform local magnetometry inside a diamond anvil cell with sub-micron spatial resolution at megabar pressures. Our approach uses a shallow layer of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres implanted directly within the anvil7-9; crucially, we choose a crystal cut compatible with the intrinsic symmetries of the nitrogen-vacancy centre to enable functionality at megabar pressures. We apply our technique to characterize a recently discovered hydride superconductor, CeH9 (ref. 10). By performing simultaneous magnetometry and electrical transport measurements, we observe the dual signatures of superconductivity: diamagnetism characteristic of the Meissner effect and a sharp drop of the resistance to near zero. By locally mapping both the diamagnetic response and flux trapping, we directly image the geometry of superconducting regions, showing marked inhomogeneities at the micron scale. Our work brings quantum sensing to the megabar frontier and enables the closed-loop optimization of superhydride materials synthesis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mao F, Wang E, Fu L, Fan W, Zhou J, Yan G, Liu T, Li Y. Identification of pyroptosis-related gene signature in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3175. [PMID: 38326642 PMCID: PMC10850360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality globally. It ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by ballooning and hepatic inflammation. In the past few years, pyroptosis has been shown as a type of programmed cell death that triggers inflammation and plays a role in the development of NASH. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in NASH remained unclear. In this study, we studied the expression level of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in NASH and healthy controls, developed a diagnostic model of NASH based on PRGs and explored the pathological mechanisms associated with pyroptosis. We further compared immune status between NASH and healthy controls, analyzed immune status in different subtypes of NASH. We identified altogether twenty PRGs that were differentially expressed between NASH and normal liver tissues. Then, a novel diagnostic model consisting of seven PRGs including CASP3, ELANE, GZMA, CASP4, CASP9, IL6 and TP63 for NASH was constructed with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.978 (CI 0.965-0.99). Obvious variations in immune status between healthy controls and NASH cases were detected. Subsequently, the consensus clustering method based on differentially expressed PRGs was constructed to divide all NASH cases into two distinct pyroptosis subtypes with different immune and biological characteristics. Pyroptosis-related genes may play an important role in NASH and can provide new insights into the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of NASH.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou KX, Patel M, Shimizu M, Wang E, Prisman E, Thang T. Development and validation of a novel craniofacial statistical shape model for the virtual reconstruction of bilateral maxillary defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:146-155. [PMID: 37391321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral maxillary defects are a challenge for fibula free flap reconstruction (FFFR) surgery due to limitations in virtual surgical planning (VSP) workflows. While meshes of unilateral defects can be mirrored to virtually reconstruct missing anatomy, Brown class c and d defects lack a contralateral reference and associated anatomical landmarks. This often results in poor placement of osteotomized fibula segments. This study was performed to improve the VSP workflow for FFFR using statistical shape modeling (SSM) - a form of unsupervised machine learning - to virtually reconstruct premorbid anatomy in an automated, reproducible, and patient-specific manner. A training set of 112 computed tomography scans was sourced from an imaging database by stratified random sampling. The craniofacial skeletons were segmented, aligned, and processed via principal component analysis. Reconstruction performance was validated on a set of 45 unseen skulls containing various digitally generated defects (Brown class IIa-d). Validation metrics demonstrated promising accuracy: mean 95th percentile Hausdorff distance of 5.47 ± 2.39 mm, mean volumetric Dice coefficient of 48.8 ± 14.5%, compactness of 7.28 × 105 mm2, specificity of 1.18 mm, and generality of 8.12 × 10-6 mm. SSM-guided VSP will allow surgeons to create patient-centric treatment plans, increasing FFFR accuracy, reducing complications, and improving postoperative outcomes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li QY, Duan L, Wang E, Zhang CL, Xiang ZH, Zhao F, Ouyang TY, Luo FY, Duan YY. Hemoadsorption and Coagulation Systemic Rebalance in Patients Undergoing Nonelective Cardiac Surgery and Treated with Antithrombotics. Blood Purif 2024; 53:386-395. [PMID: 38194932 PMCID: PMC11126205 DOI: 10.1159/000535807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insufficient withdrawal duration of antithrombotics leads to excessive bleeding after major surgery. We hypothesize that intraoperative hemoadsorption (HA) can reduce postoperative allogeneic transfusion requirements and excessive bleeding events (EBE), without an increase in ischemic/thromboembolic events (ITE) in patients who have taken antithrombotics and undergone nonelective cardiac surgery. METHODS A total of 460 patients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were included in this study and divided into two groups: HA and non-HA. Because of the risk of bias due to differences in antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, or basic coagulation function, propensity score matching was used for analyses. RESULTS Out of 154 cases in the HA group, 144 pairs were successfully matched. No HA safety events such as hemolysis, hypotension, or device failure occurred. After matching, the two groups were found to be comparable in preoperative antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, platelets and coagulation function, and demographic and perioperative characteristics. Although the HA group did not have a reduced incidence of EBE, this group exhibited significant decreases in the transfusion rate and volume, the incidence of ITE, acute kidney injury, and central nervous system injury. CONCLUSIONS For patients who have undergone nonelective cardiac surgery and taken antithrombotics, HA can simply and safely rebalance the postoperative coagulation system and have associations with reduced transfusion and postoperative ITE.
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo S, Yang M, Yang H, Guo Q, Wang Y, Wang E. Association between the Number of Days/Week of Different Levels of Physical Activity and Chronic Pain in People of Different Races: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Pers Med 2023; 14:50. [PMID: 38248750 PMCID: PMC10821097 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular physical activity is beneficial for health, but the effect of the number of days/week of physical activity on chronic pain (CP) remains unclear, so we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the relationship between the number of days/weeks of different levels of physical activity and chronic pain in people of different races. METHODS We obtained summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on the number of days/week of physical activity and multisite chronic pain in European, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern, and African American populations. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the exposed data were visualized with a Manhattan plot via the R program. MR analysis was performed by the MR-Base platform. RESULTS The results indicated that a higher number of days/week with ≥10 min of walking protects against CP in African American and Afro-Caribbean populations (inverse-variance weighting, IVW p < 0.05) but has little effect on people of different races (IVW p > 0.05). A higher number of days/week with ≥10 min of moderate physical activity increased the risk of CP in European and South Asia (IVW p < 0.05) but had little effect on people of different races (IVW p > 0.05). The number of days/week of ≥10 min of vigorous physical activity increased the risk of CP in Europeans (IVW p < 0.05) and protected against CP in African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans (IVW p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A higher number of days/week of moderate and vigorous physical activity increased the risk of CP in Europeans; however, a higher number of days/week of walking and vigorous physical activity may protect against CP in African American and Afro-Caribbean individuals.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen X, Wang C, Dong Z, Luo H, Ye C, Li L, Wang E. Interplay of sleep patterns and oxidative balance score on total cardiovascular disease risk: Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04170. [PMID: 38085249 PMCID: PMC10715456 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Unhealthy lifestyle and diet may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but limited evidence exists regarding the association between sleep patterns, oxidative stress-related exposures to diet and lifestyle, and CVD risk. Methods We analysed data from 10 212 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2005-2018). Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data on sleep duration, sleepiness, and trouble sleeping, classified into three categories: healthy, intermediate, and poor sleep patterns. Healthy sleep was defined as sleeping seven to nine hours per night with no self-reported sleepiness or trouble sleeping, while intermediate and poor sleep patterns indicated one and two to three sleep problems, respectively. The oxidative balance score (OBS) was calculated based on twenty oxidative stress-related exposures to dietary and lifestyle factors, with a higher score indicating greater antioxidant exposure. Survey-based multivariable-adjusted regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of sleep patterns or OBS alone and combined with the total and specific CVD risk. Results Participants with poor sleep patterns had a higher likelihood of developing CVD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.45, P < 0.05), while an inverse association was found between OBS and CVD risk (quartile (Q) 4 vs Q1: OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.94, P = 0.02, P for trend <0.05). There was an interaction between sleep patterns and OBS (P for interaction = 0.03). Participants with unhealthy (intermediate and poor) sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS (Q1 and Q2) were significantly associated with increased risk of total CVD (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.42-3.74, P < 0.05), as well as angina and congestive heart failure, but not coronary heart disease (CHD). Stratified analysis showed that among individuals without hyperlipidaemia, participants with both unhealthy sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS exhibited a higher risk of CHD compared to those with healthy sleep patterns and antioxidative OBS. Conclusions Unhealthy sleep patterns and reduced oxidative balance are positively associated with an increased risk of overall and specific CVD. Interventions that target healthy sleep habits and antioxidant-rich diets and lifestyles may be important for reducing the risk of CVD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo L, Wang L, Qin G, Zhang J, Peng J, Li L, Chen X, Wang D, Qiu J, Wang E. M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. J Transl Med 2023; 21:888. [PMID: 38062516 PMCID: PMC10702013 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is a progressive heart disease that has yet to be fully understood at the molecular level. Elevated M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates heart failure, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We observed changes in PKM2 tetramerization levels during the progression of right heart failure and in vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the causal relationship between altered PKM2 tetramerization and the imbalance of redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Ultimately, our goal was to propose rational intervention strategies for the treatment of RVF. METHOD We established RVF in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). The pulmonary artery pressure and right heart function of rats were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography combined with right heart catheterization. TEPP-46 was used both in vivo and in vitro to promote PKM2 tetramerization. RESULTS We observed that oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorganization were associated with increased apoptosis in the right ventricular tissue of RVF rats. Quantitative proteomics revealed that PKM2 was upregulated during RVF and negatively correlated with the cardiac function. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization promoted mitochondrial network formation and alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, enhancing PKM2 tetramer formation improved cardiac mitochondrial morphology, mitigated oxidative stress and alleviated heart failure. CONCLUSION Disruption of PKM2 tetramerization contributed to RVF by inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulating ROS, and finally promoted the progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization holds potential as a promising therapeutic approach for RVF.
Collapse
|