1
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De Vita E, Smits N, van den Hurk H, Beck EM, Hewitt J, Baillie G, Russell E, Pannifer A, Hamon V, Morrison A, McElroy SP, Jones P, Ignatenko NA, Gunkel N, Miller AK. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of N-(4-Benzamidino)-Oxazolidinones: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:79-95. [PMID: 31675166 PMCID: PMC7004151 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is a secreted serine protease that belongs to the family of tissue kallikreins. Aberrant expression of KLK6 has been found in different cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, and KLK6 is currently studied as a potential target in these pathologies. We report a novel series of KLK6 inhibitors discovered in a high-throughput screen within the European Lead Factory program. Structure-guided design based on docking studies enabled rapid progression of a hit cluster to inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In particular, inhibitors 32 ((5R)-3-(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)-N-((S)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)propyl)-2-oxooxazolidine-5-carboxamide) and 34 ((5R)-3-(6-carbamimidoylpyridin-3-yl)-N-((1S)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)propyl)-2-oxooxazolidine-5-carboxamide) have single-digit nanomolar potency against KLK6, with over 25-fold and 100-fold selectivities against the closely related enzyme trypsin, respectively. The most potent compound, 32, effectively reduces KLK6-dependent invasion of HCT116 cells. The high potency in combination with good solubility and low clearance of 32 make it a good chemical probe for KLK6 target validation in vitro and potentially in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Vita
- Cancer Drug Development GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesUniversity of Heidelberg69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Niels Smits
- Pivot Park Screening CentreKloosterstraat 95349 ABOss (TheNetherlands
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Joanne Hewitt
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Gemma Baillie
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Emily Russell
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Andrew Pannifer
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Véronique Hamon
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Angus Morrison
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Stuart P. McElroy
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Philip Jones
- European Screening Centre Newhouse (ESC) Biocity ScotlandBo'ness RoadML15UHNewhouseScotland
| | - Natalia A. Ignatenko
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- Cancer Drug Development GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- Cancer Drug Development GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)69120HeidelbergGermany
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2
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M. Beck E, Parnell E, Cowley A, Porter A, Gillespie J, Robinson J, Robinson L, Pannifer AD, Hamon V, Jones P, Morrison A, McElroy S, Timmerman M, Rutjes H, Mahajan P, Wiejak J, Luchowska-Stańska U, Morgan D, Barker G, Rehmann H, Yarwood SJ. Identification of A Novel Class of Benzofuran Oxoacetic Acid-Derived Ligands that Selectively Activate Cellular EPAC1. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111425. [PMID: 31726720 PMCID: PMC6912754 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP promotes EPAC1 and EPAC2 activation through direct binding to a specific cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) within each protein, leading to activation of Rap GTPases, which control multiple cell responses, including cell proliferation, adhesion, morphology, exocytosis, and gene expression. As a result, it has become apparent that directed activation of EPAC1 and EPAC2 with synthetic agonists may also be useful for the future treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. To identify new EPAC agonists we have developed a fluorescent-based, ultra-high-throughput screening (uHTS) assay that measures the displacement of binding of the fluorescent cAMP analogue, 8-NBD-cAMP to the EPAC1 CNBD. Triage of the output of an approximately 350,000 compound screens using this assay identified a benzofuran oxaloacetic acid EPAC1 binder (SY000) that displayed moderate potency using orthogonal assays (competition binding and microscale thermophoresis). We next generated a limited library of 91 analogues of SY000 and identified SY009, with modifications to the benzofuran ring associated with a 10-fold increase in potency towards EPAC1 over SY000 in binding assays. In vitro EPAC1 activity assays confirmed the agonist potential of these molecules in comparison with the known EPAC1 non-cyclic nucleotide (NCN) partial agonist, I942. Rap1 GTPase activation assays further demonstrated that SY009 selectively activates EPAC1 over EPAC2 in cells. SY009 therefore represents a novel class of NCN EPAC1 activators that selectively activate EPAC1 in cellulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Beck
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Angela Cowley
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Alison Porter
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jonathan Gillespie
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - John Robinson
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Lindsay Robinson
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrew D. Pannifer
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Veronique Hamon
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Philip Jones
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Angus Morrison
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Stuart McElroy
- European Screening Centre Newhouse, University of Dundee, Biocity Scotland, Bo’Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (L.R.); (A.D.P.); (V.H.); (P.J.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Martin Timmerman
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (H.R.)
| | - Helma Rutjes
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (H.R.)
| | - Pravin Mahajan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Jolanta Wiejak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (J.W.); (U.L.-S.)
| | - Urszula Luchowska-Stańska
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (J.W.); (U.L.-S.)
| | - David Morgan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephen J. Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (J.W.); (U.L.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Abstract
The Great Migration and the Civil Rights Movement were two pivotal events experienced by the southern African American population during the 20th Century. Each has received considerable attention by social scientists and historians, and a possible connection between the two phenomena has been speculated. However, no systematic investigation of the effect of migration on protest during the Jim Crow era has been conducted. In this study we use data for 333 southern communities to examine the relationship between youthful black migration between 1950 and 1960 and the occurrence of sit-ins early in 1960. We find a strong positive, non-linear, relationship between net-migration and the likelihood of a sit-in which can be explained by two sets of mediating influences: local demographic conditions and local organizational presence. Our findings offer strong empirical support for an association between southern black migration and protest during Jim Crow and suggest the value of considering the influence of demographic forces on collective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart E Tolnay
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - E M Beck
- Independent Researcher, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Victoria Sass
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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O’Neill BT, Beck EM, Butler CR, Nolan CE, Gonzales C, Zhang L, Doran SD, Lapham K, Buzon LM, Dutra JK, Barreiro G, Hou X, Martinez-Alsina LA, Rogers BN, Villalobos A, Murray JC, Ogilvie K, LaChapelle EA, Chang C, Lanyon LF, Steppan CM, Robshaw A, Hales K, Boucher GG, Pandher K, Houle C, Ambroise CW, Karanian D, Riddell D, Bales KR, Brodney MA. Design and Synthesis of Clinical Candidate PF-06751979: A Potent, Brain Penetrant, β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitor Lacking Hypopigmentation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4476-4504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher R. Butler
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cathleen Gonzales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John C. Murray
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Ogilvie
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. LaChapelle
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley Robshaw
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Germaine G. Boucher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karamjeet Pandher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claude W. Ambroise
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Karanian
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Riddell
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dutra JK, Beck EM, Nag S, Takano A, Amini N, Arakawa R, Brodney MA, Buzon LM, Doran SD, Lanyon LF, McCarthy TJ, Bales KR, Nolan CE, O’Neill BT, Schildknegt K, Halldin C, Villalobos A. Identification of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligand for Imaging β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in Brain. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3296-3308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy J. McCarthy
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Klaas Schildknegt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Butler CR, Beck EM, Harris A, Huang Z, McAllister LA, am Ende CW, Fennell K, Foley TL, Fonseca K, Hawrylik SJ, Johnson DS, Knafels JD, Mente S, Noell GS, Pandit J, Phillips TB, Piro JR, Rogers BN, Samad TA, Wang J, Wan S, Brodney MA. Azetidine and Piperidine Carbamates as Efficient, Covalent Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9860-9873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anthony Harris
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura A. McAllister
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher W. am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy L. Foley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kari Fonseca
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven J. Hawrylik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - G. Stephen Noell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracy B. Phillips
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin R. Piro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tarek A. Samad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jane Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shuangyi Wan
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Zhang L, Chen L, Beck EM, Chappie TA, Coelho RV, Doran SD, Fan KH, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Hughes Z, Kuszpit K, Lachapelle EA, Lazzaro JT, Lee C, Mather RJ, Patel NC, Skaddan MB, Sciabola S, Verhoest PR, Young JM, Zasadny K, Villalobos A. The Discovery of a Novel Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B-Preferring Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8538-8551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard V. Coelho
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsien Fan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zoe Hughes
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kyle Kuszpit
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. Lachapelle
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chewah Lee
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert J. Mather
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nandini C. Patel
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marc B. Skaddan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M. Young
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal
Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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8
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Butler CR, Ogilvie K, Martinez-Alsina L, Barreiro G, Beck EM, Nolan CE, Atchison K, Benvenuti E, Buzon L, Doran S, Gonzales C, Helal CJ, Hou X, Hsu MH, Johnson EF, Lapham K, Lanyon L, Parris K, O'Neill BT, Riddell D, Robshaw A, Vajdos F, Brodney MA. Aminomethyl-Derived Beta Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors: Engaging Gly230 without an Anilide Functionality. J Med Chem 2016; 60:386-402. [PMID: 27997172 PMCID: PMC5461923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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A growing subset of β-secretase
(BACE1) inhibitors for the
treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) utilizes an anilide chemotype
that engages a key residue (Gly230) in the BACE1 binding site. Although
the anilide moiety affords excellent potency, it simultaneously introduces
a third hydrogen bond donor that limits brain availability and provides
a potential metabolic site leading to the formation of an aniline,
a structural motif of prospective safety concern. We report herein
an alternative aminomethyl linker that delivers similar potency and
improved brain penetration relative to the amide moiety. Optimization
of this series identified analogues with an excellent balance of ADME
properties and potency; however, potential drug–drug interactions
(DDI) were predicted based on CYP 2D6 affinities. Generation and analysis
of key BACE1 and CYP 2D6 crystal structures identified strategies
to obviate the DDI liability, leading to compound 16,
which exhibits robust in vivo efficacy as a BACE1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei-Hui Hsu
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | - Eric F Johnson
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
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9
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Zuhl AM, Nolan CE, Brodney MA, Niessen S, Atchison K, Houle C, Karanian DA, Ambroise C, Brulet JW, Beck EM, Doran SD, O'Neill BT, Am Ende CW, Chang C, Geoghegan KF, West GM, Judkins JC, Hou X, Riddell DR, Johnson DS. Chemoproteomic profiling reveals that cathepsin D off-target activity drives ocular toxicity of β-secretase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13042. [PMID: 27727204 PMCID: PMC5062570 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase BACE1 is considered one of the most promising approaches for treating Alzheimer's disease. Several structurally distinct BACE1 inhibitors have been withdrawn from development after inducing ocular toxicity in animal models, but the target mediating this toxicity has not been identified. Here we use a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify cathepsin D (CatD) as a principal off-target of BACE1 inhibitors in human cells. We find that several BACE1 inhibitors blocked CatD activity in cells with much greater potency than that displayed in cell-free assays with purified protein. Through a series of exploratory toxicology studies, we show that quantifying CatD target engagement in cells with the probe is predictive of ocular toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our findings designate off-target inhibition of CatD as a principal driver of ocular toxicity for BACE1 inhibitors and more generally underscore the power of chemical proteomics for discerning mechanisms of drug action. Several β-secretase (BACE) inhibitors exhibit unexplained ocular toxicity in preclinical studies. Here the authors generate a clickable photoaffinity probe to interrogate off-targets in cells and animals, and identify inhibition of cathepsin D as a driver of ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Zuhl
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Charles E Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Michael A Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Kevin Atchison
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Christopher Houle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - David A Karanian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - Claude Ambroise
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Jeffrey W Brulet
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Elizabeth M Beck
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Kieran F Geoghegan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Graham M West
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - David R Riddell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
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10
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Beck EM, Smits JEG, St Clair CC. Evidence of low toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to birds invites re-evaluation of avian protection strategies. Conserv Physiol 2015; 3:cov038. [PMID: 27293723 PMCID: PMC4778453 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to water containing petroleum waste products can generate both overt and subtle toxicological responses in wildlife, including birds. Such exposure can occur in the tailings ponds of the mineable oil sands, which are located in Alberta, Canada, under a major continental flyway for waterfowl. Over the 40 year history of the industry, a few thousand bird deaths have been reported following contact with bitumen on the ponds, but a new monitoring programme demonstrated that many thousands of birds land annually without apparent harm. This new insight creates an urgent need for more information on the sublethal effects on birds from non-bitumen toxicants that occur in the water, including naphthenic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and salts. Ten studies have addressed the effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), and none reported acute or substantial adverse health effects. Interpretive caution is warranted, however, because nine of the studies addressed reclaimed wetlands that received OSPW, not OSPW ponds per se, and differences between experimental and reference sites may have been reduced by shared sources of pollution in the surrounding air and water. Two studies examined eggs of birds nesting >100 km from the mine sites. Only one study exposed birds directly and repeatedly to OSPW and found no consistent differences between treated and control birds in blood-based health metrics. If it is true that aged forms of OSPW do not markedly affect the health of birds that land briefly on the ponds, then the extensiveness of current bird-deterrent programmes is unwarranted and could exert negative net environmental effects. More directed research on bird health is urgently needed, partly because birds that land on these ponds subsequently migrate to destinations throughout North America where they are consumed by both humans and wildlife predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Beck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Z-708, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2E9
| | - Judit E. G. Smits
- Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 2D20, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaT2N 4Z6
| | - Colleen Cassady St Clair
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Z-708, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2E9
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11
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Brodney MA, Beck EM, Butler CR, Barreiro G, Johnson EF, Riddell D, Parris K, Nolan CE, Fan Y, Atchison K, Gonzales C, Robshaw AE, Doran SD, Bundesmann MW, Buzon L, Dutra J, Henegar K, LaChapelle E, Hou X, Rogers BN, Pandit J, Lira R, Martinez-Alsina L, Mikochik P, Murray JC, Ogilvie K, Price L, Sakya SM, Yu A, Zhang Y, O'Neill BT. Utilizing structures of CYP2D6 and BACE1 complexes to reduce risk of drug-drug interactions with a novel series of centrally efficacious BACE1 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3223-52. [PMID: 25781223 PMCID: PMC4415909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In recent years, the first generation
of β-secretase (BACE1)
inhibitors advanced into clinical development for the treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the alignment of drug-like
properties and selectivity remains a major challenge. Herein, we describe
the discovery of a novel class of potent, low clearance, CNS penetrant
BACE1 inhibitors represented by thioamidine 5. Further
profiling suggested that a high fraction of the metabolism (>95%)
was due to CYP2D6, increasing the potential risk for victim-based
drug–drug interactions (DDI) and variable exposure in the clinic
due to the polymorphic nature of this enzyme. To guide future design,
we solved crystal structures of CYP2D6 complexes with substrate 5 and its corresponding metabolic product pyrazole 6, which provided insight into the binding mode and movements between
substrate/inhibitor complexes. Guided by the BACE1 and CYP2D6 crystal
structures, we designed and synthesized analogues with reduced risk
for DDI, central efficacy, and improved hERG therapeutic margins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric F Johnson
- #The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ying Fan
- #The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aijia Yu
- ∇WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- ∇WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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12
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Butler CR, Brodney MA, Beck EM, Barreiro G, Nolan CE, Pan F, Vajdos F, Parris K, Varghese AH, Helal CJ, Lira R, Doran SD, Riddell DR, Buzon LM, Dutra JK, Martinez-Alsina LA, Ogilvie K, Murray JC, Young JM, Atchison K, Robshaw A, Gonzales C, Wang J, Zhang Y, O’Neill BT. Discovery of a Series of Efficient, Centrally Efficacious BACE1 Inhibitors through Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2678-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501833t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Departamento
de Inovação, Eurofarma Laboratorios S.A., Avenida Vereador
José Diniz, 3465, Campo Belo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinlong Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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13
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Beck EM, Smits JEG, St Clair CC. Health of domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) following exposure to oil sands process-affected water. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:8847-8854. [PMID: 25003652 DOI: 10.1021/es501259x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bitumen extraction from the oil sands of northern Alberta produces large volumes of process-affected water that contains substances toxic to wildlife. Recent monitoring has shown that tens of thousands of birds land on ponds containing this water annually, creating an urgent need to understand its effects on bird health. We emulated the repeated, short-term exposures that migrating water birds are thought to experience by exposing pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) to recycled oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). As indicators of health, we measured a series of physiological (electrolytes, metabolites, enzymes, hormones, and blood cells) and toxicological (metals and minerals) variables. Relative to controls, juvenile birds exposed to OSPW had higher potassium following the final exposure, and males had a higher thyroid hormone ratio (T3/T4). In adults, exposed birds had higher vanadium, and, following the final exposure, higher bicarbonate. Exposed females had higher bile acid, globulin, and molybdenum levels, and males, higher corticosterone. However, with the exception of the metals, none of these measures varied from available reference ranges for ducks, suggesting OSPW is not toxic to juvenile or adult birds after three and six weekly, 1 h exposures, but more studies are needed to know the generality of this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Beck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Z-708, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2E9
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14
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Zhang L, Villalobos A, Beck EM, Bocan T, Chappie TA, Chen L, Grimwood S, Heck SD, Helal CJ, Hou X, Humphrey JM, Lu J, Skaddan MB, McCarthy TJ, Verhoest PR, Wager TT, Zasadny K. Design and Selection Parameters to Accelerate the Discovery of Novel Central Nervous System Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligands and Their Application in the Development of a Novel Phosphodiesterase 2A PET Ligand. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4568-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400312y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Bocan
- BioImaging Center, Precision Medicine,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- BioImaging Center, Precision Medicine,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven D. Heck
- Data Analytical Group, Groton
Center of Chemistry, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Marc B. Skaddan
- BioImaging Center, Precision Medicine,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy J. McCarthy
- BioImaging Center, Precision Medicine,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis T. Wager
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry,
Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- BioImaging Center, Precision Medicine,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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15
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McMurray L, Beck EM, Gaunt MJ. Chemical Synthesis of Aspidosperma Alkaloids Inspired by the Reverse of the Biosynthesis of the Rhazinilam Family of Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9288-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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McMurray L, Beck EM, Gaunt MJ. Chemical Synthesis of Aspidosperma Alkaloids Inspired by the Reverse of the Biosynthesis of the Rhazinilam Family of Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Cavelti M, Kvrgic S, Beck EM, Kossowsky J, Vauth R. Assessing recovery from schizophrenia as an individual process. A review of self-report instruments. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 27:19-32. [PMID: 22130177 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies investigating indicators of recovery from schizophrenia yielded two concepts of recovery. The first is the reduction of psychiatric symptoms and functional disabilities ('clinical recovery'), while the second describes the individual adaptation process to the threat posed to the individual sense of self by the disorder and its negative consequences ('personal recovery'). Evidence suggests that both perceptions contribute substantially to the understanding of recovery and require specific assessment and therapy. While current reviews of measures of clinical recovery exist, measures of personal recovery have yet to be investigated. Considering the steadily growing literature on recovery, this article gives an update about existing measures assessing personal recovery. METHOD A literature search for instruments was performed using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO&PSYNDEXPlus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were: (1) quantitative self-report measures; (2) specifically developed for adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder or at least applied to individuals suffering from severe mental illness; (3) empirically tested psychometric properties and/or published in a peer-reviewed, English-language journal. Instruments were evaluated with regard to psychometric properties (validity and reliability) and issues of application (user and administrator friendliness, translations). RESULTS Thirteen instruments met the inclusion criteria. They were individually described and finally summarized in a table reflecting the pros and cons of each instrument. This may enable the reader to make an evidence-based choice for a questionnaire for a specific application. CONCLUSION The Recovery Assessment Scale is possibly the best currently available measure of personal recovery when all evaluation criteria are included. However, the ratings listed in the current paper depended on the availability of information and the quality of available reports of previous assessment of the measurement properties. Considering the significant amount of information lacking and inconsistent findings, further research on the reviewed measures is perhaps more important than the development of new measures of personal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cavelti
- Department of Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment, Psychiatrische Universitätspoliklinik, Psychiatric University Hospital of Basel, Claragraben 95, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
The application of chiral sulfinamides and achiral sulfonic acids as a cocatalyst system for enantioselective protonation reactions is described. Structurally simple, easily accessible sulfinamides were found to induce moderate-to-high ee's in the formation of 2-aryl-substituted cycloalkanones from the corresponding trimethylsilyl enol ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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19
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Abstract
This paper presents the first evidence yielded by a newly-compiled database of known lynch victims. Using information from the original census enumerators' manuscripts, we identify the individual- and household-level characteristics of more than 900 black males lynched in ten southern states between 1882 and 1930. First, we use the information gathered for successfully linked cases to present a profile of individual-level and household-level characteristics of a large sample of lynch victims. Second, we compare these characteristics to a randomly-generated sample of black men living in the counties where lynchings occurred. We use our findings from this comparative analysis to assess the empirical support for alternative theoretical perspectives on the selection of individuals as victims of southern mob violence. Third, we consider whether the individual-level risk factors for being targeted as a lynch victim varied substantially over time or across space. Our results demonstrate that victims were generally less embedded within the social and economic fabric of their communities than were other black men, suggesting that social marginality increased the likelihood of being targeted for lynching. These findings were generally consistent across decades, and within different socio-demographic contexts.
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20
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Abstract
This review details recent developments in the Pd-catalyzed C-H bond arylation and alkenylation of indoles and pyrroles, aromatic heterocycles that are frequently displayed in natural products and medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 IEW, UK
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21
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Jordan-Hore JA, Johansson CCC, Gulias M, Beck EM, Gaunt MJ. Oxidative Pd(II)-Catalyzed C−H Bond Amination to Carbazole at Ambient Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16184-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806543s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Jordan-Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Carin C. C. Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Moises Gulias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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22
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Abstract
Homo- and heterochiral tetrameric gamma-peptide derivatives in which the backbone is constrained by a five-membered ring populate a bend-ribbon conformation in solution stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kothari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW
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23
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Beck EM, Moebus S, Dragano N, Matysik GF, Stang A, Seibel R, Grönemeyer D, Erbel R, Jöckel KH. Vergleich der Lebenszufriedenheit bei Probanden mit und ohne KHK in der Heinz Nixdorf Recall Studie. Gesundheitswesen 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-948564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Gilligan DR, Beck EM. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE CHEMICAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN SULFONAMIDE DRUGS DURING THERAPY IN MAN. J Clin Invest 2006; 24:301-15. [PMID: 16695217 PMCID: PMC435459 DOI: 10.1172/jci101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Stang A, Moebus S, Dragano N, Beck EM, Möhlenkamp S, Schmermund A, Siegrist J, Erbel R, Jöckel KH. Baseline recruitment and analyses of nonresponse of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study: identifiability of phone numbers as the major determinant of response. Eur J Epidemiol 2006; 20:489-96. [PMID: 16121757 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-005-5529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study is an ongoing population-based prospective cardiovascular cohort study of the Ruhr area in Germany. This paper focuses on the recruitment strategy and its response results including a comparison of participants of the baseline examination with nonparticipants. Random samples of the general population were drawn from residents' registration offices including men and women aged 45-74 years. We used a multimode contact approach including an invitational letter, a maximum of two reminder letters and phone calls for the recruitment of study subjects. Nonparticipants were asked to fill in a short questionnaire. We calculated proportions of response, contact, cooperation and recruitment efficacy to characterize the participation. Overall, 4487 eligible subjects participated in our study. Although the elderly (65-75 years) had the highest contact proportion, the cooperation proportion was the lowest among both men and women. The recruitment efficacy proportion was highest among subjects aged 55-64 years. The identifiability of the phone number of study subjects was an important determinant of response. The recruitment efficacy proportion among subjects without an identified phone number was 11.4% as compared to 65.3% among subjects with an identified phone number. The majority of subjects agreed to participate after one invitational letter only (52.6%). A second reminding letter contributed only very few participants to the study. Nonparticipants were more often current smokers than participants and less often belonged to the highest social class. Living in a regular relationship with a partner was more often reported among participants than nonparticipants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stang
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Street 27, 06097, Halle, Germany.
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Beck EM, Grimster NP, Hatley R, Gaunt MJ. Mild Aerobic Oxidative Palladium (II) Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization: Regioselective and Switchable C−H Alkenylation and Annulation of Pyrroles. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2528-9. [PMID: 16492024 DOI: 10.1021/ja058141u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed C-H bond functionalization system that operates under ambient and aerobic conditions can be used to alkenylate pyrroles with control of regioselectivty. A steric and electronic control strategy can be used to influence positional control in the C-H bond functionalization process that results in either the C2 or C3 alkenylated products. Air, molecular oxygen, or tBuOOBz can be used as reoxidant in this mild process, and the reaction works on a range of substrates. Finally a catalytic aerobic annulation strategy is described that can be controlled to produce cyclization at either the C2 or C3 positions, thus forming diverse pyrrole products.
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Scott JP, Hammond DC, Beck EM, Brands KM, Davies AJ, Dolling UH, Kennedy DJ. Expedient Diels–Alder assembly of 4-aryl-4-phenylsulfonyl cyclohexanones. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hofmann R, Beck EM, Böhm R, Danneberg G, Gerbl-Rieger S, Göttlich E, Koch A, Kühner M, Kummer V, Liebl K, Martens W, Missel T, Neef A, Palmgren U, Rabe R, Schilling B, Schneider F, Tilkes F, Wieser P. [Detection of airborne cultivatable microorganisms from compost sites--emissions and imissions]. Schriftenr Ver Wasser Boden Lufthyg 2000; 104:245-320. [PMID: 10803227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The statement presented here gives an overview and assessment of the procedures and concepts currently used for the collection and determination of airborne, culturable microorganisms at sources of emission within composting plants and in their near vicinity. The paper focuses on "classical" methods, which involve cultivation as an intermediate step for the determination of viable, airborne microorganisms. The theoretical and practical requirements on such methods are discussed. Results and experiences from recent investigations are described.
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Abstract
Varicoceles are found in approximately 15% of all men in the general population and up to 41% of all infertile men. However, the exact location and relationship of internal and external spermatic arteries, veins and lymphatics within the inguinal portion of the spermatic cord have not been previously well described in infertile men. The results of detailed intraoperative macroscopic and microscopic surgical dissections of the spermatic cord and gubernaculum of 83 infertile men with 115 palpable varicoceles are described. Enlarged veins exiting the testis and traversing the gubernaculum were present in 48% of the dissections. Enlarged external spermatic veins were detected in 74% of all spermatic cords. Typically, small internal spermatic veins drained into a large vein more proximally in the spermatic cord. An average of 3.6 lymphatics per spermatic cord was identified and preserved during the dissections. A solitary testicular artery was observed in 69% of the dissections. The testicular artery was adherent to the posterior surface of a large internal spermatic vein in 50% of the dissections and was surrounded by a dense complex of closely adherent veins in 30%. To decrease the incidence of postoperative varicocele recurrences we suggest a surgical approach that addresses all identifiable dilated and connecting veins. These findings suggest that surgical approaches that include intraoperative access to and ligation of low inguinal (external spermatic) and gubernacular veins may cause fewer recurrences, unligated small internal spermatic veins may be a cause of varicocele recurrence, and large internal spermatic veins should be individually identified, dissected and ligated since the testicular artery and lymphatics are often adherent to these veins. Optical magnification is important to facilitate identification of lymphatics, testicular arteries and small internal spermatic veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Beck
- Division of Urology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York
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Kuhnert A, Alber D, Grawe H, Kluge H, Maier KH, Reviol W, Sun X, Beck EM, Byrne AP, Hübel H, Bacelar JC, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM, Stephens FS. Observation of high-spin states in the N=84 nucleus 152Er and comparison with shell-model calculations. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 46:484-498. [PMID: 9968142 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
We reviewed 53 patients with infection stones treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) monotherapy to determine the long-term rate free of stones and the stone recurrence rate as correlated with the pre-treatment stone burden and the radiological presence of sand or fragments after the procedure. Long-term followup (mean 26.6 months) was available on 33 patients representing 38 kidneys. Although only 3 kidneys were free of stones immediately after ESWL, 20 were without stones at 3 months and 18 (47%) were stone-free at followup. Of 9 kidneys with fragments of more than 5 mm. after the final treatment 7 (78%) had residual fragments at 3 months and experienced stone progression. Of 9 kidneys with sand remaining 6 (66%) and all 3 kidneys that appeared to be free of stones after ESWL were without stones at followup. The 3-month plain film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder was a reliable indicator of eventual outcome. Of 20 kidneys that were free of stones at 3 months 16 remained without stones. Of 18 kidneys with residual stone particles at 3 months 14 showed disease progression, 2 had stable disease and 2 passed residual sand. Only 1 of 17 patients who were free of stones or had stable stone disease had a positive urine culture at followup. Patients with infection stone fragments 3 months after ESWL monotherapy have a high rate of stone progression (78%) and should undergo further treatment. ESWL monotherapy of infection stones requires close patient followup to assure that all residual fragments have passed and urine remains sterile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Beck
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Surgery, New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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Beck EM, Vaughan ED, Sosa RE. The pulsed dye laser in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Semin Urol 1989; 7:25-9. [PMID: 2572041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Beck
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Division of Urology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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Lesko KT, Norman EB, Larimer R, Bacelar JC, Beck EM. Level scheme of 148Pm and the s-process neutron density. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 39:619-625. [PMID: 9955235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.39.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Stephens FS, Draper JE, Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM. Gamma-ray energy correlations from nuclei at very high spins. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 37:2927-2930. [PMID: 9954776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.37.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM, Draper JE, Riezebos HJ, Stephens FS. Superdeformed bands at high spin in Z=66 and 68 isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:270-273. [PMID: 10035717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Stephens FS, Draper JE, Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM. Three-photon correlations in rotational nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:2186-2189. [PMID: 10034675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Beck EM, Stephens FS, Bacelar JC, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM, Draper JE, Duyar C, McDonald AR. Superdeformed band in 135Nd. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:2182-2185. [PMID: 10034674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bacelar JC, Diamond RM, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Draper J, Stephens FS. Line-shape analysis of high spin states: Collectivity in 166Yb. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1987; 35:1170-1173. [PMID: 9953883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.35.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bacelar JC, Holm A, Diamond RM, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Draper J, Herskind B, Stephens FS. Lifetime measurements of high-spin states in 166Yb. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 57:3019-3022. [PMID: 10033933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Stephens FS, Draper JE, Egido JL, Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Diamond AR. Damping of nuclear rotational motion at modest temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 57:2912-2915. [PMID: 10033906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Patel SB, Stephens FS, Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Diamond RM, Draper JE. Effect of alignments on the shape of 158Yb. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 57:62-65. [PMID: 10033358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Tjom PO, Diamond RM, Bacelar JC, Beck EM, Deleplanque MA, Draper JE, Stephens FS. Slow and fast high-spin sequences in 158Er. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:2405-2408. [PMID: 10032136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Liegner KB, Beck EM, Rosenberg A. Laetrile-induced agranulocytosis. JAMA 1981; 246:2841-2. [PMID: 7310977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Beck EM. The classic: a treatise on gout. Alfred Baring Garrod. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1970; 71:3-13. [PMID: 4914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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