1
|
Van Arkel A, Willemsen I, Kilsdonk-Bode L, Vlamings-Wagenaars S, Van Oudheusden A, De Waegemaeker P, Leroux-Roels I, Verelst M, Maas E, Van Oosten A, Willemse P, Van Asselen E, Klomp-Berens E, Franssen K, Van Cauwenberg E, Schweitzer V, Kluytmans J. Feedback of ATP measurement as a tool for reducing environmental contamination in hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 33:6430447. [PMID: 34791294 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DESIGN A two-phase prospective intervention study. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if feedback of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements decreases environmental contamination within hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area. METHODS Standardized ATP measurements were conducted in nine hospitals on pre-defined fomites. Four different fomite groups were defined: medical devices, patient-bound materials, ward-bound materials and sanitary items. ATP results were reported in relative light unit (RLU), RLU >1000 was considered as 'not clean.' Two rounds of ATP measurements were conducted. After the first round of ATP measurements, results were provided to the wards and cleaning staff. The second round of ATP measurements was performed one year later. The amount of surface contamination before and after the feedback was compared. RESULTS In total 1923 ATP measurements were performed. Before feedback 960 ATP measurements were conducted and after feedback 963 were conducted. The overall median reduction in RLU was 381 (P < 0.001), from 568 before feedback to 187 afterward. In each hospital there was a reduction of the median RLU after feedback. CONCLUSIONS Substantial reductions in RLU values were found after feedback of ATP measurements. Feedback of ATP measurement in itself was associated with a major reduction of surface contamination in hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Van Arkel
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, Breda 4818 CK, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, Tilburg 5022 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Willemsen
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, Breda 4818 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Kilsdonk-Bode
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, Breda 4818 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Sindy Vlamings-Wagenaars
- Department of Infection Control, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, Tilburg 5022 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Van Oudheusden
- Department of Infection Control, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, Tilburg 5022 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal De Waegemaeker
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Comeel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Comeel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Laboratory for Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Comeel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Comeel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Martine Verelst
- Department of Infection Control, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Evelien Maas
- Department of Infection Control, ZorgSaam Hospital, Wielingenlaan 2, Terneuzen 4535 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Van Oosten
- Department of Infection Control, Admiraal de Ruyter Hospital, 's-Gravenpolderseweg 114, Goes 4462 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Willemse
- Department of Infection Control, Elkerliek Hospital, Wesselmanlaan 25, Helmond 5707 HA, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Van Asselen
- Department of Infection Control, Elkerliek Hospital, Wesselmanlaan 25, Helmond 5707 HA, The Netherlands
| | - Ella Klomp-Berens
- Department of Infection Control, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Franssen
- Department of Infection Control, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Infection Control, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Antwerp 2650, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Schweitzer
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Utrecht University Hospital, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, Breda 4818 CK, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, Tilburg 5022 GC, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.,Microvida Laboratory for Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, Breda 4818 CK, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Arkel A, Willemsen I, Kilsdonk-Bode L, Vlamings-Wagenaars S, van Oudheusden A, Waegemaeker PD, Leroux-Roels I, Verelst M, Maas E, van Oosten A, Willemse P, van Asselen E, Klomp-Berens E, Franssen K, Van Cauwenberg E, Kluytmans J. ATP measurement as an objective method to measure environmental contamination in 9 hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:77. [PMID: 32466792 PMCID: PMC7254657 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the level of environmental contamination in hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area, using ATP measurements. Design A cross-sectional observational survey. Methods Standardized ATP measurements were conducted in 9 hospitals on 32 hospital wards. Thirty pre-defined surfaces per hospital ward were measured with the 3 M Clean Trace NG luminometer. Results are displayed in relative light units (RLU). RLU > 1000 was considered as “not clean.” Differences in RLU values were compared between countries, hospitals, fomite groups and medical specialties. Results A total of 960 ATP measurements were performed, ranging from 60 up to 120 per hospital. The median RLU-value was 568 (range: 3–277,586) and 37.7% of the measurements were rated as not clean (RLU > 1000). There were significant differences between countries, hospitals and fomite groups. Conclusion ATP measurements can be used as a more objective approach to determine the level of environmental contamination in hospitals. Significant differences in ATP levels were found between hospitals and between countries. Also, substantial differences were found between different fomite groups. These findings offer potential targets for improvement of cleanliness in healthcare facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas van Arkel
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Ina Willemsen
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anne van Oudheusden
- Department of Infection Control, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Verelst
- Department of Infection Control, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Maas
- Department of Infection Control, ZorgSaam Hospital, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita van Oosten
- Department of Infection Control, Admiraal de Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Willemse
- Department of Infection Control, Elkerliek Hospital, Helmond, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Asselen
- Department of Infection Control, Elkerliek Hospital, Helmond, The Netherlands
| | - Ella Klomp-Berens
- Department of Infection Control, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Franssen
- Department of Infection Control, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Kluytmans
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Microvida Laboratory for Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|