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Rosado L, Münchow EA, de Oliveira E, Lacerda-Santos R, Freitas DQ, Carlo HL, Verner FS. Translucency and Radiopacity of Dental Resin Composites - Is There a Direct Relation? Oper Dent 2023:492396. [PMID: 37079916 DOI: 10.2341/22-056-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to correlate the translucency degree of varying resin composites with their radiopacity. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four resin composites (conventional or bulk-fill) of various shades and opacities were selected from the following manufacturers: 3M ESPE (nanofilled), Ivoclar (nanohybrid), and FGM (microhybrid). Resin composite samples (n=5) were prepared (5-mm diameter × 1.5-mm thickness) for comparison using prepared samples of human dentin and enamel as controls. The translucency of each sample was measured using the translucent parameter (TP) method with a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) and CIEL*a*b* color system over white and black backgrounds. The samples were also x-rayed using a photostimulable phosphor plate system for measurement of their radiopacity (in mmAl). All data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0.05); data for TP and radiopacity were correlated using the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Overall, the translucent shades and bulk-fill resin composites showed greater translucency than the other resins. While "body" and "enamel" shades demonstrated intermediate translucency to dentin and enamel, the "dentin" shades were more standardized, showing similar translucency to human dentin. All tested resin composites showed similar or greater radiopacity to human enamel, except the Empress Direct (Ivoclar) resin with Trans Opal shade, which was not radiopaque. Dentin and enamel showed radiopacity similar to 1 and 2 mmAl (millimeters of aluminum), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The resin composites investigated in this study differed regarding their translucency degree and radiopacity level, without any positive relationship between the two properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lpl Rosado
- Lucas P Lopes Rosado, DDS, MSc, PhD researcher, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - E A Münchow
- Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Els de Oliveira
- Eduardo Lopes Soares de Oliveira, DDS, Department of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - R Lacerda-Santos
- Rogério Lacerda-Santos, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - D Q Freitas
- Deborah Queiroz Freitas, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - H L Carlo
- Hugo Lemes Carlo DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - F S Verner
- *Francielle Silvestre Verner, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
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Pelozin BRA, Rodrigues LP, Arruda BFT, Voltarelli VA, Brum PC, Oliveira ED, Fernandes T. Aerobic exercise training prevents skeletal myopathy by myomiRs regulation in heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Heart failure (HF) is the endpoint of systemic arterial hypertension. Exercise intolerance is a common symptom, partly due, to changes in the skeletal muscle mass (SM) and fiber type profile. Otherwise, aerobic exercise training (ET) has been used as an important non-pharmacological therapy in HF. MyomiRs are a muscle-specific class of miRNAs, which regulate genes that inhibiting the expression of proteins in pathological and physiological conditions controlling phenotypic changes in the SM, however little is known about these changes in ET-induced HF
Purpose
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ET involved in the metabolic alterations of SM in HF rats of hypertensive etiology.
Methods
The study was approved by the animal ethics committee (USP-No. 2020/01). 20 male rats, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and 10 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), SHR controls, nine-months-old, were divided into three groups: sedentary WKY (WKY-S), sedentary SHR (SHR-S), and trained (SHR-T). The ET consisted of swimming sessions with 60 minutes, 1x/day, 5x/week, for 10 weeks, with 5% of body overload. After ET protocol, blood pressure (BP), cardiac morphology and function (Echocardiography), exercise tolerance test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), mitochondrial oxygen consumption (Oroboros), immunohistochemistry of the SM, expression of miRNAs (RT-qPCR) were evaluated. Statistical analyzes were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error.
Results
ET reduced blood pressure levels and cardiac dysfunction in SHR-T compared to SHR-S. The SHR-S group covered smaller distance in the exercise tolerance test (255±22 meters) compared to the WKY-S (419±19 meters, p<0.0001), however ET reestablished the exercise tolerance (SHR-T: 365±20 meters; SHR-S: p<0.001 and WKY-S: p>0.05). The HF induced changes in type I and II fibers composition (I: 73±0.6% and II: 24±0.9%), VO2 peak (50±1.5 mL kg–1 min–1), mitochondrial oxygen consumption (State 3: 3.0±0.2 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1) and myomiRs expression (miRNA-208b: 65±4%, -499: 73±5%, -1: 153±10%) in the soleus muscle of SHR-S compared to WKY-S (I: 94±0.6%, II: 6±0.6%, p<0.001; VO2 peak: 59±2.3 mL kg–1 min–1, p<0.01; State 3: 4.0±0.2 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1, p<0.05; miRNAs: p<0.01). ET minimized changes in metabolic profile by counteract the muscle fiber type switching, and the oxygen consumption impairment, and myomiRs expression dysregulation (I: 90±0.5%, II: 9±0.6%, SHR-S p<0.01; VO2 peak: 79±2.4 mL kg–1 min–1, SHR-S: p<0.0001; State 3: 5.45±0.32 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1, SHR-S: p<0.0001; miRNA-208b: 91±5%, -499: 106±8%, -1: 100±9%; SHR-S: p<0.01).
Conclusions
ET reestablished structural and metabolic changes in SM, resulting from the progression of HF, through the regulation of myomiRs, improving exercise tolerance.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES): Academic Excellence Program (Proex).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R A Pelozin
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L P Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - V A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E D Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to determine the contractile effect of crude and acetone leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. on mammalian myocardium. Crude leaf extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat neurological disorders. Some flavonoids isolated from this plant presented a positive inotropic effect on myocardium. This motivated us to test the extracts on the atria of guinea pigs of both sexes (300-500 g) and surprisingly we observed inotropic depression instead of an increase in force. The maximum effect of the crude extract was 79.4 +/- 8.1% of the control force amplitude (N = 5 hearts, 10 trials, 27 +/- 0.1 degrees C, stimulus: 2 Hz, 400 V, 0.5 ms). The EC50 for crude, ethanol, acetic, aqueous, and acetone extracts was 300, 300, 600, 1000, and 140 microg/ml, respectively, with a Hill constant of 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.4, respectively. Blockade of cholinergic, beta-adrenergic, or opioid membrane receptors with 1.5 microM atropine sulfate, 1 microM propranolol, and 10 microM naloxone, respectively, did not change the effect of the crude extract. The acetone extract abolished the Bowditch positive staircase phenomenon (N = 5 hearts, 10 trials, 27 +/- 0.1 degrees C), suggesting a possible reduction of the calcium inward current, and also promoted the so-called Woodworth phenomenon. The effect was concentration-dependent and indicated the existence of another inhibitory contractile mechanism such as the simultaneous activation of some of the membrane potassium channels reducing the myocardial action potential duration and further decreasing the cellular calcium entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica do Coração, Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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