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Gupta A, Pouliquen I, Steinfeld J, Price R, Austin D, Bradford E, Yancey S, Gruber A. La pharmacocinétique et la pharmacodynamie du mépolizumab chez les enfants âgés entre 6 et 11 ans avec un asthme sévère éosinophilique. Rev Mal Respir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Albers F, Bratton D, Yancey S, Bradford E, Liu M, Hozawa S, Humbert M, Gruber A. L’effet du mepolizumab sur le taux d’exacerbations chez les patients avec un asthme sévère éosinophilique en fonction du taux d’IgE, du statut atopique et le score RAST. Rev Mal Respir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Humbert M, Bratton D, Yancey S, Bradford E, Liu M, Hozawa S, Albers F, Gruber A. L’effet du mépolizumab sur le taux d’exacerbations chez les patients avec un asthme sévère éosinophilique en fonction de leur éligibilité et utilisation antérieure d’omalizumab. Rev Mal Respir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pouliquen IJ, Howarth P, Austin D, Gunn G, Meyer E, Price RG, Bradford E. Response to case report: Airway autoimmune responses in severe eosinophilic asthma following low-dose Mepolizumab therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:45. [PMID: 29118815 PMCID: PMC5668989 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I J Pouliquen
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
| | - P Howarth
- Respiratory Franchise, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - D Austin
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
| | - G Gunn
- Immunogenicity and Clinical Immunology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA USA
| | - E Meyer
- Immunogenicity and Clinical Immunology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA USA
| | - R G Price
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
| | - E Bradford
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
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Ortega H, Albers F, Llanos-Ackert J, Bradford E, Price R, Pouliquen I, Castro M. P506 Impact of weight on the efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Katial R, Albers F, Prazma C, Bradford E, Ortega H, Price R, Pouliquen I, Castro M. P505 Impact of weight on steroid reduction in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Albers FC, Price RG, Yancey SW, Bradford E. ENCORE: Effect of Mepolizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Patients Eligible for Omalizumab Treatment. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FC Albers
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park
| | - RG Price
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, Uxbridge
| | - SW Yancey
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park
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Zeldovich VB, Clausen CH, Bradford E, Fletcher DA, Maltepe E, Robbins JR, Bakardjiev AI. Placental syncytium forms a biophysical barrier against pathogen invasion. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003821. [PMID: 24348256 PMCID: PMC3861541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal syncytiotrophoblasts form a unique fused multinuclear surface that is bathed in maternal blood, and constitutes the main interface between fetus and mother. Syncytiotrophoblasts are exposed to pathogens circulating in maternal blood, and appear to have unique resistance mechanisms against microbial invasion. These are due in part to the lack of intercellular junctions and their receptors, the Achilles heel of polarized mononuclear epithelia. However, the syncytium is immune to receptor-independent invasion as well, suggesting additional general defense mechanisms against infection. The difficulty of maintaining and manipulating primary human syncytiotrophoblasts in culture makes it challenging to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of host defenses in this unique tissue. Here we present a novel system to study placental pathogenesis using murine trophoblast stem cells (mTSC) that can be differentiated into syncytiotrophoblasts and recapitulate human placental syncytium. Consistent with previous results in primary human organ cultures, murine syncytiotrophoblasts were found to be resistant to infection with Listeria monocytogenes via direct invasion and cell-to-cell spread. Atomic force microscopy of murine syncytiotrophoblasts demonstrated that these cells have a greater elastic modulus than mononuclear trophoblasts. Disruption of the unusually dense actin structure--a diffuse meshwork of microfilaments--with Cytochalasin D led to a decrease in its elastic modulus by 25%. This correlated with a small but significant increase in invasion of L. monocytogenes into murine and human syncytium. These results suggest that the syncytial actin cytoskeleton may form a general barrier against pathogen entry in humans and mice. Moreover, murine TSCs are a genetically tractable model system for the investigation of specific pathways in syncytial host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara B. Zeldovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Casper H. Clausen
- Department of Bioengineering and Program in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Bradford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Program in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna I. Bakardjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Defense, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fu J, Wei B, Wen T, Johansson MEV, Liu X, Bradford E, Thomsson KA, McGee S, Mansour L, Tong M, McDaniel JM, Sferra TJ, Turner JR, Chen H, Hansson GC, Braun J, Xia L. Loss of intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans causes spontaneous colitis in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1657-66. [PMID: 21383503 DOI: 10.1172/jci45538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) are primary components of the intestinal mucins that form the mucus gel layer overlying the gut epithelium. Impaired expression of intestinal O-glycans has been observed in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the etiology of this disease is unknown. Here, we report that mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans, the predominant form of O-glycans, developed spontaneous colitis that resembled human UC, including massive myeloid infiltrates and crypt abscesses. The colitis manifested in these mice was also characterized by TNF-producing myeloid infiltrates in colon mucosa in the absence of lymphocytes, supporting an essential role for myeloid cells in colitis initiation. Furthermore, induced deletion of intestinal core 1-derived O-glycans caused spontaneous colitis in adult mice. These data indicate a causal role for the loss of core 1-derived O-glycans in colitis. Finally, we detected a biosynthetic intermediate typically exposed in the absence of core 1 O-glycan, Tn antigen, in the colon epithelium of a subset of UC patients. Somatic mutations in the X-linked gene that encodes core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase-specific chaperone 1 (C1GALT1C1, also known as Cosmc), which is essential for core 1 O-glycosylation, were found in Tn-positive epithelia. These data suggest what we believe to be a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Guan Y, Watson AJM, Marchiando AM, Bradford E, Shen L, Turner JR, Montrose MH. Redistribution of the tight junction protein ZO-1 during physiological shedding of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C1404-14. [PMID: 21346149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We questioned how tight junctions contribute to intestinal barrier function during the cell shedding that is part of physiological cell renewal. Intravital confocal microscopy studied the jejunal villus epithelium of mice expressing a fluorescent zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) fusion protein. Vital staining also visualized the cell nucleus (Hoechst staining) or local permeability to luminal constituents (Lucifer Yellow; LY). In a cell fated to be shed, ZO-1 redistributes from the tight junction toward the apical and then basolateral cell region. ZO-1 rearrangement occurs 15 ± 6 min (n = 28) before movement of the cell nucleus from the epithelial layer. During cell extrusion, permeation of luminal LY extends along the lateral intercellular spaces of the shedding cell only as far as the location of ZO-1. Within 3 min after detachment from the epithelial layer, nuclear chromatin condenses. After cell loss, a residual patch of ZO-1 remains in the space previously occupied by the departed cell, and the size of the patch shrinks to 14 ± 2% (n = 15) of the original cell space over 20 min. The duration of cell shedding measured by nucleus movement (14 ± 1 min) is much less than the total duration of ZO-1 redistribution at the same sites (45 ± 2 min). In about 15% of cell shedding cases, neighboring epithelial cells also undergo extrusion with a delay of 5-10 min. With the use of normal mice, ZO-1 immunofluorescent staining of fixed tissue confirmed ZO-1 redistribution and the presence of ZO-1 patches beneath shedding cells. Immunostaining also showed that redistribution of ZO-1 occurred without corresponding mixing of apical and basolateral membrane domains as marked by ezrin or E-cadherin. ZO-1 redistribution is the earliest cellular event yet identified as a herald of physiological cell shedding, and redistribution of tight junction function along the lateral plasma membrane sustains epithelial barrier during cell shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, USA
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Bradford E, Shull G. CLIC5 is required for appropriate thermogenesis during fasting. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.788.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Shull
- Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
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Abstract
A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with a classic clinical presentation but with unusual pathological and radiographic findings is reported. The pathology revealed evidence of prior hemorrhage, and imaging studies revealed focal cerebral atrophy as well as contrast enhancement on MR scans. The contrast enhancement was visible only by utilizing magnetization transfer pulses on T1-weighted scans. The case report indicates that image criteria for PML may need to be redefined in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ng
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305
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Abstract
One hundred twenty 4-mo-old wether lambs born to Targhee ewes and sired by six rams each from Merino (Finewool, FM and Strongwool, SM), Rambouillet (Dubois, DR and Texas, TR), and Targhee (T) breeds were randomly assigned to predetermined slaughter weight groups of 43, 48, 52, and 57 kg and evaluated for growth and carcass traits. Overall mean ADG and feed conversion rate (FC, kilograms of feed/kilogram of gain) were .28 and 6.4 kg, respectively; T grew the fastest (.31 kg) and FM grew the slowest (.23 kg). Targhee and SM had the best FC (6.2), whereas FM (6.8) had the poorest FC (P < .05). Overall mean backfat thickness (BT) and carcass fat (CF) were 4.8 mm and 25.6%, respectively. Targhee had the lowest (24%) and FM the highest (27.8%) CF percentage (P < .05). Differences (P < .05) were observed for BT and CF among slaughter weight groups; overall means for both traits gradually increased from the 43- to the 57-kg groups. Separate analysis of the 43- and the 48-kg groups indicated nonsignificant breed differences for feed traits, whereas significant differences still existed for CF. It was concluded that Merino strains grew more slowly, were less efficient in postweaning growth, and had higher carcass fat content than U.S. breeds at a constant slaughter weight; SM were more comparable to U.S. breeds than were FM. Merino-cross lambs should be slaughtered at lighter BW to avoid excessive carcass fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sakul
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
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Bradford E. Physiotherapy and renal failure. Physiotherapy 1973; 59:146-8. [PMID: 4790911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Schaefer DW, Benedek GB, Schofield P, Bradford E. Spectrum of Light Quasielastically Scattered from Tobacco Mosaic Virus. J Chem Phys 1971. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1676675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dean AC, Bradford E, Hubbard AW, Pocklington WD, Thomson J. Separation of permitted and non-permitted solvents for use in foodstuffs by gas chromatography and the use of a solid sampler for the estimation of residual solvents in oils and oleoresins. J Chromatogr A 1969; 44:465-71. [PMID: 5356711 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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