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Swift IJ, Sogorb-Esteve A, Heller C, Synofzik M, Otto M, Graff C, Galimberti D, Todd E, Heslegrave AJ, van der Ende EL, Van Swieten JC, Zetterberg H, Rohrer JD. Fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia: past, present and future. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:204-215. [PMID: 33188134 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders includes a heterogeneous group of conditions. However, following on from a series of important molecular studies in the early 2000s, major advances have now been made in the understanding of the pathological and genetic underpinnings of the disease. In turn, alongside the development of novel methodologies for measuring proteins and other molecules in biological fluids, the last 10 years have seen a huge increase in biomarker studies within FTD. This recent past has focused on attempting to develop markers that will help differentiate FTD from other dementias (particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD)), as well as from non-neurodegenerative conditions such as primary psychiatric disorders. While cerebrospinal fluid, and more recently blood, markers of AD have been successfully developed, specific markers identifying primary tauopathies or TDP-43 proteinopathies are still lacking. More focus at the moment has been on non-specific markers of neurodegeneration, and in particular, multiple studies of neurofilament light chain have highlighted its importance as a diagnostic, prognostic and staging marker of FTD. As clinical trials get under way in specific genetic forms of FTD, measures of progranulin and dipeptide repeat proteins in biofluids have become important potential measures of therapeutic response. However, understanding of whether drugs restore cellular function will also be important, and studies of key pathophysiological processes, including neuroinflammation, lysosomal function and synaptic health, are also now becoming more common. There is much still to learn in the fluid biomarker field in FTD, but the creation of large multinational cohorts is facilitating better powered studies and will pave the way for larger omics studies, including proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, as well as investigations of multimodal biomarker combinations across fluids, brain imaging and other domains. Here we provide an overview of the past, present and future of fluid biomarkers within the FTD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Joanna Swift
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aitana Sogorb-Esteve
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carolin Heller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emily Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Daniel Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Venkatraghavan V, Panman JL, van der Ende EL, Steketee R, Jiskoot LC, Poos JM, Dopper EG, Meeter LH, Kaat LD, Rombouts SA, Vernooij MW, Kievit AJ, Premi E, Cosseddu M, Bonomi E, Olives J, Rohrer JD, Sanchez‐Valle R, Borroni B, Bron EE, van Swieten JC, Papma JM, Klein S. Modelling the cascade of biomarker changes in progranulin‐related frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica L. Panman
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lize C. Jiskoot
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands
- Dementia Research Centre Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Jackie M. Poos
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Serge A.R.B. Rombouts
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands
- Leiden University Leiden Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janne M. Papma
- Erasmus MC ‐ University Medical Center Rotterdam Netherlands
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Barschke P, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Al Shweiki MR, Weishaupt JH, Landwehrmeyer GB, Anderl-Straub S, Weydt P, Diehl-Schmid J, Danek A, Kornhuber J, Schroeter ML, Prudlo J, Jahn H, Fassbender K, Lauer M, van der Ende EL, van Swieten JC, Volk AE, Ludolph AC, Otto M. Different CSF protein profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:503-511. [PMID: 32132225 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (C9-FTD). Until now, it is unknown which factors define whether C9orf72 mutation carriers develop ALS or FTD. Our aim was to identify protein biomarker candidates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which differentiate between C9-ALS and C9-FTD and might be indicative for the outcome of the mutation. METHODS We compared the CSF proteome of 16 C9-ALS and 8 C9-FTD patients and 11 asymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers (CAR) by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Eleven biomarker candidates were selected from the pool of differentially regulated proteins for further validation by multiple reaction monitoring and single-molecule array in a larger cohort (n=156). RESULTS In total, 2095 CSF proteins were identified and 236 proteins were significantly different in C9-ALS versus C9-FTD including neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) and chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1). Eight candidates were successfully validated including significantly increased ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1) levels in C9-ALS compared with C9-FTD and controls and decreased neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) levels in C9-FTD versus CAR. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a deep proteomic CSF analysis of C9-ALS versus C9-FTD patients. As a proof of concept, we observed higher NEFM and CHIT1 CSF levels in C9-ALS. In addition, we also show clear upregulation of UCHL1 in C9-ALS and downregulation of NPTXR in C9-FTD. Significant differences in UCHL1 CSF levels may explain diverging ubiquitination and autophagy processes and NPTXR levels might reflect different synapses organisation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Barschke
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Petra Steinacker
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Holger Jahn
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander E Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Panman JL, Louise van der Ende E, Meeter LH, Bouts MJ, Dopper EG, Jiskoot LC, Kaat LD, Minkelen R, Teunissen CE, Rombouts SA, Swieten JC, Papma JM. [P2–338]: ARE NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN AND WHITE MATTER INTEGRITY RELATED BIOMARKERS FOR FAMILIAL FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA? Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Panman
- Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Erasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Lize C. Jiskoot
- Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Erasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Erasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of BiochemistryVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | - John C. Swieten
- Erasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
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