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Cerasoni JN, Hallett EY, Orijemie EA, Ashastina K, Lucas M, Farr L, Höhn A, Kiahtipes CA, Blinkhorn J, Roberts P, Manica A, Scerri EM. Human interactions with tropical environments over the last 14,000 years at Iho Eleru, Nigeria. iScience 2023; 26:106153. [PMID: 36843842 PMCID: PMC9950523 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ihò Eléérú (or Iho Eleru) rock shelter, located in Southwest Nigeria, is the only site from which Pleistocene-age hominin fossils have been recovered in western Africa. Excavations at Iho Eleru revealed regular human occupations ranging from the Later Stone Age (LSA) to the present day. Here, we present chronometric, archaeobotanical, and paleoenvironmental findings, which include the taxonomic, taphonomic, and isotopic analyses of what is the only Pleistocene faunal assemblage documented in western Africa. Our results indicate that the local landscape surrounding Iho Eleru, although situated within a regional open-canopy biome, was forested throughout the past human occupation of the site. At a regional scale, a shift from forest- to savanna-dominated ecotonal environment occurred during a mid-Holocene warm event 6,000 years ago, with a subsequent modern reforestation of the landscape. Locally, no environmental shift was observable, placing Iho Eleru in a persistent forested "island" during the period of occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Niccolò Cerasoni
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA,Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Emily Yuko Hallett
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan, 200132 Ibadan, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Kseniia Ashastina
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lucy Farr
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Alexa Höhn
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Goethe-Universität, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Kiahtipes
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Culture and the Environment, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - James Blinkhorn
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,School of Social Science, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eleanor M.L. Scerri
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany,Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta,Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany,Corresponding author
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Abstract
Africa, the cradle of human evolution, has one of the largest and most diverse rainforests in the world. The African rainforests contain evidence of human occupation as well as fluctuating climate during the Pleistocene; such evidence offers archaeologists and palaeoecologists the opportunity to understand how climatic fluctuations have influenced human behaviour. However, compared to the rainforests environments in Asia and South America, the human ecological history of those in West-Central Africa is poorly understood. This is because of comparatively fewer scientific programmes which synergize palaeoecological and archaeological data and thus could enhance the knowledge and allow for an evaluation of the impact of climatic fluctuations on human behaviour in the rainforests of West-Central Africa during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods. The goals of this paper are twofold, namely: (i) to provide a synthesis of the past climatic variability in the rainforests of West-Central Africa, and (ii) to demonstrate the influence of such variability on human behaviour during the Pleistocene to Holocene periods. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate Africanists to adopt an inclusive scientific anthropological and palaeoecological approach in understanding human-climate interactions in the West-Central African rainforests. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Scerri EML, Kühnert D, Blinkhorn J, Groucutt HS, Roberts P, Nicoll K, Zerboni A, Orijemie EA, Barton H, Candy I, Goldstein ST, Hawks J, Niang K, N'Dah D, Petraglia MD, Vella NC. Field-based sciences must transform in response to COVID-19. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1571-1574. [PMID: 32929241 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M L Scerri
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Denise Kühnert
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - James Blinkhorn
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Huw S Groucutt
- Extreme Events Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathleen Nicoll
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "A.Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Huw Barton
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Candy
- Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Steven T Goldstein
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - John Hawks
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Khady Niang
- Département d'Histoire, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Didier N'Dah
- Department of History and Archaeology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| | - Michael D Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Vella
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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