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Philip S, McDermott P, Cooper E, Coates V, McCann M. Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Ventilatory Support in COVID-19 Hospitalisations. Ir Med J 2024; 117:928. [PMID: 38526316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
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Yiasemidou M, Yates C, Cooper E, Goldacre R, Lindsey I. External rectal prolapse: more than meets the eye. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:783-785. [PMID: 37278904 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yiasemidou
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - C Yates
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - E Cooper
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - R Goldacre
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, England
| | - I Lindsey
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England.
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Cooper E, Ekram S, Hartrich M. A Woman With Decreased Urine Output. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:e73-e74. [PMID: 37479415 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cooper
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Sahrish Ekram
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL
| | - Molly Hartrich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL
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Guenther M, Wei Y, Stein S, D’Ippolito A, Farouq D, Moebius D, Marineau J, Cooper E, Chuaqui C, Carulli J, Olson E. CDK11 is a selective dependency in neuroblastoma harboring loss of chromosome 1p36. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonzalez A, Cooper E, Herren J, Lipnik AJ, Xie KL. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in the Management of Post-Liver Transplant Vascular Complications. Semin Intervent Radiol 2022; 39:537-544. [PMID: 36561931 PMCID: PMC9767772 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzalez
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Cooper
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Josi Herren
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew J. Lipnik
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen L. Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
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Peasley C, Cooper E. Restoration of categorical spatial relations explains the facilitated recognition of inverted objects. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cooper E, Crawford E, Maher J, Chinn J, Runge A, Bera K, Zezoff D, Dinicu A, Naaseh A, Lucas A, White K, Tewari S, Hari A, Bernstein M, Chang J, Ziogas A, Pearre D, Tewari K. Feasibility Of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid (VIA) Screening For Cervical Cancer In Tanzania With Emphasis On Baseline Knowledge And Educational Intervention. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ariyaratne H, Scott E, Anderson A, Cooper E, Pasciuti K. Linac-based stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for lung cancer: single-institution outcomes. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schindler A, Meabon J, Baskin B, Cooper E, Yagi M, Simon B, Peskind E, Phillips P, Cook D. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the prevention/treatment of comorbid mild traumatic brain injury and PTSD. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ariyaratne H, Chander A, Anderson A, Pasciuti K, Cooper E. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for second primary lung malignancy arising post-pneumonectomy. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Taylor A, Cooper E, Ham K. Delayed intestinal perforation secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918763410. [PMID: 29662682 PMCID: PMC5894924 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918763410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented 4 h after being hit by a car. It had bilateral inguinal hernias and a mesenteric rent that were repaired surgically and a hematoma in the left retroperitoneal space. No other intra-abdominal abnormalities were identified on abdominal surgical exploration. Approximately 72 h after presentation, the cat started vomiting and developed severe abdominal discomfort. A sudden decrease in mentation and elevation of respiratory rate and effort ensued. Abdominal radiographs showed loss of detail in the abdominal cavity, and abdominocentesis confirmed septic peritonitis. The cat was euthanized, and post-mortem evaluation of the bowel revealed two 1 cm perforations of the jejunum. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, delayed intestinal perforation secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma has not previously been reported in cats. It has been reported in dogs, but the pathophysiology resulting in perforation is poorly understood. Delayed intestinal injury secondary to blunt force abdominal trauma has been reported in people, especially in children, as a result of motor vehicle accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - E Cooper
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K Ham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences - Small Animal Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gandhi S, Ewing J, Cooper E, Chaves J, Gray B. Comparison of Low-Dose Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis With and Without Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Lower Extremity Ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cooper E, Sheikh Z, Townend W, Johnson M, Hutchinson A. PALLIATIVE CARE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Arch Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-206402.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jefferson L, Fairhurst C, Cooper E, Hewitt C, Torgerson T, Cook L, Tharmanathan P, Cockayne S, Torgerson D. No difference found in time to publication by statistical significance of trial results: a methodological review. JRSM Open 2016; 7:2054270416649283. [PMID: 27757242 PMCID: PMC5052771 DOI: 10.1177/2054270416649283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Time-lag from study completion to publication is a potential source of publication bias in randomised controlled trials. This study sought to update the evidence base by identifying the effect of the statistical significance of research findings on time to publication of trial results. Design Literature searches were carried out in four general medical journals from June 2013 to June 2014 inclusive (BMJ, JAMA, the Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine). Setting Methodological review of four general medical journals. Participants Original research articles presenting the primary analyses from phase 2, 3 and 4 parallel-group randomised controlled trials were included. Main outcome measures Time from trial completion to publication. Results The median time from trial completion to publication was 431 days (n = 208, interquartile range 278–618). A multivariable adjusted Cox model found no statistically significant difference in time to publication for trials reporting positive or negative results (hazard ratio: 0.86, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.16, p = 0.32). Conclusion In contrast to previous studies, this review did not demonstrate the presence of time-lag bias in time to publication. This may be a result of these articles being published in four high-impact general medical journals that may be more inclined to publish rapidly, whatever the findings. Further research is needed to explore the presence of time-lag bias in lower quality studies and lower impact journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jefferson
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - C Fairhurst
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - E Cooper
- Elderly medicine, York Hospital, York YO31 8HE, UK
| | - C Hewitt
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - T Torgerson
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - L Cook
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - P Tharmanathan
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Cockayne
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D Torgerson
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Czaplicki LM, Cooper E, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM, Vilgalys R, Gunsch CK. A New Perspective on Sustainable Soil Remediation-Case Study Suggests Novel Fungal Genera Could Facilitate in situ Biodegradation of Hazardous Contaminants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 26:59-72. [PMID: 27917031 DOI: 10.1002/rem.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Deciding upon a cost effective and sustainable method to address soil pollution is a challenge for many remedial project managers. High pressure to quickly achieve cleanup goals pushes for energy-intensive remedies that rapidly address the contaminants of concern with established technologies, often leaving little room for research and development especially for slower treatment technologies, such as bioremediation, for the more heavily polluted sites. In the present case study, new genomic approaches have been leveraged to assess fungal biostimulation potential in soils polluted with particularly persistent hydrophobic contaminants. This new approach provides insights into the genetic functions available at a given site in a way never before possible. In particular, this article presents a case study where next generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to categorize fungi in soils from the Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site in Portsmouth, Virginia. Data suggest that original attempts to harness fungi for bioremediation may have focused on fungal genera poorly suited to survive under heavily polluted site conditions, and that more targeted approaches relying on native indigenous fungi which are better equipped to survive under site specific conditions may be more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Czaplicki
- Candidate and Dean's Graduate Fellow in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Her doctoral thesis focuses on fungal bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils. She received her M.S. from Duke University and her B.S. in Environmental Engineering from The Ohio State University
| | - E Cooper
- research scientist and she manages the Duke Superfund Analytical Chemistry Core in Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Cooper is interested in analyzing environmentally important organic compounds in a variety of matrices including sediments, water, biological samples, and polyurethane foam. She received her Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences from Duke University. She earned her B.S in Plant Science and her M.S. in Plant and Soil Sciences from the University of Delaware
| | - P L Ferguson
- an associate professor of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. His research focuses on developing new methods for trace analysis of organic and nanoparticulate contaminants in the aquatic environment. Dr. Ferguson received his Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in Coastal Oceanography. He received his B.S. in Marine Science and Chemistry from the University of South Carolina
| | - H M Stapleton
- an associate professor in the Nicholas School of the Environment. Her research increases the understanding of the fate and transformation of organic contaminants in aquatic systems and indoor environments. Dr. Stapleton received her Ph.D. and M.S. from the University of Maryland, and her B.S. from Long Island University Southampton College
| | - R Vilgalys
- professor in the Department of Biology and adjunct professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. His research focuses on fungal evolution, genetics and systematics. Dr. Vilgalys received his Ph.D. in Botany from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He received his M.S. in Botany from Virginia Tech and his B.A. in Biology from the State University of New York College at Genesco
| | - C K Gunsch
- an associate professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Her research focuses on characterizing and engineering environmental microbiomes. Dr. Gunsch received her Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. She received her M.S. in Environmental Engineering and Science from Clemson University and her B.S. in Civil Engineering from Purdue University
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Norcia A, Ales J, Cooper E, Wiegand T. Measuring perceptual differences between compressed and uncompressed video sequences using the swept-parameter Visual Evoked Potential. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sprague W, Cooper E, Durand JB, Banks M. Disparity Preferences in V1 Reflect the Statistics of Disparity in Natural Viewing. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kipling SL, Young K, Foster JD, Smart NJ, Hunter AE, Cooper E, Francis NK. Laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: short-term outcomes of a prospective case series. Tech Coloproctol 2013; 18:445-51. [PMID: 24081545 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-013-1071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic approaches for the resection of low rectal cancer and the extralevator technique for abdominoperineal excision are both becoming increasingly popular. There are little published data regarding the combined application of these techniques to the resection of low rectal tumours. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of such an approach and to appraise short-term outcomes in a consecutive series of patients undergoing laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic ELAPE at our institution between 2008 and 2011 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The abdominal phase of the operation was performed laparoscopically, and following extralevator resection, the perineum was reconstructed using a biologic mesh. All patients were enrolled in an enhanced recovery programme. RESULTS Of 166 patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer at our institution between 2008 and 2011, 28 underwent laparoscopic ELAPE. Median age was 70 years, median body mass index was 27.5 kg/m(2), and 71% were male. The conversion rate to laparotomy was 18%. Three patients (10.8%) had circumferential resection margins <1 mm; no intraoperative tumour perforation occurred. The median length of stay was 7 days, with a 30-day readmission rate of 21% and no 30-day mortality. Post-operative perineal wound complications occurred in 25%. At median 38-month follow-up (range 23-66 months), overall survival was 75%, disease-free survival was 71%, and there were three local recurrences (11%). CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision can be safely performed without compromising short-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Kipling
- Department of General Surgery, Yeovil District Hospital, Higher Kingston, Yeovil, BA21 4AT, UK
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Abstract
Mortality statistics for excessive alcohol consumption show no signs of abatement, with a report published in 2011 from the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that 2.5 million people worldwide died because of their alcohol consumption. Serious physiological, psychological, social and legal problems are thought to affect many more. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that often occurs in those individuals who significantly reduce or stop their intake after a prolonged and excessive period of drinking. Pharmacological treatment of the AWS has traditionally been undertaken by the use of the benzodiazepines, but recent years have witnessed the emergence of several alternatives. The aim of this paper was (1) to review the evidence base supporting the use of various pharmacological agents currently employed to treat AWS, and (2) to consider the efficacy and safety of the emerging alternatives to the benzodiazepines. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and BNI databases were extensively searched in order to retrieve the maximum number of relevant articles. Reference lists from relevant literature were also used to identify other potential studies for inclusion. All studies concerned with measuring the efficacy and safety of the various pharmacological treatment options for AWS were considered and a total of 63 trials were included in this review. Findings support the use of benzodiazepines as the recommended drug of choice for the treatment of AWS in the absence of adequate evidence to support the use of alternative agents. There is a lack of evidence of a superior pharmacological agent to the benzodiazepines for the treatment of AWS. There are several studies that have shown that there are pharmacological alternatives that could compete or act as an adjunct with the benzodiazepines in terms of high efficacy and safety in the treatment of AWS, but there is a need for further quality research to be carried out before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cooper
- Community Mental Health Team, Pennine Care NHS foundation Trust, Stockport , UK
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Mori H, Matsumoto Y, Kryssanov V, Cooper E, Ogawa H, Makino S, Struzik ZR, Rutkowski TM. Multi-command Tactile Brain Computer Interface: A Feasibility Study. Haptic and Audio Interaction Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41068-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Charlebois A, Lee L, Cooper E, Mason K, Powis J. Factors associated with HCV antiviral treatment uptake among participants of a community-based HCV programme for marginalized patients. J Viral Hepat 2012; 19:836-42. [PMID: 23121361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in developed countries occur among illicit drug users, HCV antiviral treatment uptake is poor in this population. Several studies have shown that patients can successfully be treated for HCV in the context of methadone maintenance programmes, but little evidence exists evaluating HCV treatment models for substance users where methadone maintenance is not indicated. This retrospective cohort study involved 129 persons participating in psycho-educational support groups and integrated, interprofessional, community-based health services focused on the treatment for HCV among marginalized populations with high rates of crack cocaine use and mental health comorbidities. We sought to identify the factors associated with antiviral treatment uptake. Group participation improved access to health care. While 19% had previously seen an HCV specialist prior to group initiation, 59% saw an HCV specialist during the group. Half of the participants were nonimmune to hepatitis A or B at baseline, and 80% of these patients received immunization through the programme. The programme treated 24 patients with pegylated interferon and ribavirin and achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) rate of 91% for genotype 2 or 3 and 54% for genotype 1. Stable housing was independently associated with initiation of treatment, and there was a nonsignificant trend towards lower rates of treatment initiation among women. SVR rates for those who had used crack or injection drugs in the month prior to joining the programme did not differ significantly from those who had abstained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charlebois
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gurav K, Cooper E, Junno J, Stein D, Chintada DR, Doddamane M, Moses S. P2-S2.21 Traditional devadasi system under transition: boon or bane for HIV prevention programme? Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Cooper E, Watson L. A retrospective audit of weight loss in bariatric surgery patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01177_12.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Held R, Cooper E, O'Brien J, Banks M. Making big things look small: Blur combined with other depth cues affects perceived size and distance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cooper E, Iqbal A, Bartlett A, Marriott C, Whitfield PJ, Brown MB. A comparison of topical formulations for the prevention of human schistosomiasis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:957-62. [PMID: 15285838 DOI: 10.1211/0022357043996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, a dimeticone formulation has been shown to be effective at preventing Schistosoma cercariae infecting skin, while DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), a highly effective insecticide, has been shown to have activity against cercariae. Seven formulations, 3 containing DEET, were prepared and applied to excised human skin in Franz cells for 1 h. Schistosoma cercariae were applied for 30 min at 1 and 24 h, and the number that penetrated the skin calculated (n = 9). DEET could not be incorporated into the dimeticone formulation, yet it remained the most effective at preventing cercarial penetration, both 1 and 24 h after application. The ointments that contained DEET did prevent penetration but their mode of action was due to the toxicity of DEET against the cercariae. The persistence of the protection afforded by the dimeticone formulation after washing suggests that the formulation may be interacting with the stratum corneum to prevent cercarial recognition of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cooper
- Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford St, SE1 9NN, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kahal
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole BH15 2JB.
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Stanwood N, Cooper E, Nasso J, Guzick D. A pilot randomized controlled trial of LNG-IUD versus DMPA for young postpartum women. Contraception 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Haiduven D, Cooper E, Luther S. Comparison of live versus online bioreadiness training programs for nurses. Am J Infect Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Rossi A, Walker AS, Forni DD, Klein N, Gibb DM, Aboulker JP, Babiker A, Compagnucci A, Darbyshire J, Debré M, Gersten M, Giaquinto C, Gibb DM, Jones A, Aboulker JP, Babiker A, Blanche S, Bohlin AB, Butler K, Castelli-Gattinara G, Clayden P, Darbyshire J, Debré M, de Groot R, Faye A, Giaquinto C, Gibb DM, Griscelli C, Grosch-Wörner I, Levy J, Lyall H, Mellado Pena M, Nadal D, Peckham C, Ramos Amador JT, Rosado L, Rudin C, Scherpbier H, Sharland M, Tovo PA, Valerius N, Wintergerst U, Boucher C, Clerici M, de Rossi A, Klein N, Loveday C, Muñoz-Fernandez M, Pillay D, Rouzioux C, Babiker A, Darbyshire J, Gibb DM, Harper L, Johnson D, Kelleher P, McGee L, Poland A, Walker AS, Aboulker JP, Carrière I, Compagnucci A, Debré M, Eliette V, Leonardo S, Moulinier C, Saidi Y, Galli L, Foot A, Kershaw H, Caul O, Tarnow-Mordi W, Petrie J, McIntyre P, Appleyard K, Gibb DM, Novelli V, Klein N, McGee L, Ewen S, Johnson M, Gibb DM, Cooper E, Fisher T, Barrie R, Norman J, King D, Larsson-Sciard EL. Relationship between Changes in Thymic Emigrants and Cell-Associated HIV-1 Dna in HIV-1-Infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. Antivir Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350501000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives and methods To investigate the relationship between cell-associated HIV-1 dynamics and recent thymic T-cell emigrants, HIV-1 DNA and T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC, a marker of recent thymic emigrants) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 181 samples from 33 HIV-1-infected children followed for 96 weeks after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Results At baseline, HIV-1 DNA was higher in children with higher TREC ( P=0.02) and was not related to age, CD4 or HIV-1 RNA in multivariate analyses ( P>0.3). Overall, TREC increased and HIV-1 DNA decreased significantly after ART initiation, with faster HIV-1 DNA declines in children with higher baseline TREC ( P=0.009). The greatest decreases in HIV-1 DNA occurred in children with the smallest increases in TREC levels during ART ( P=0.002). However, this inverse relationship between changes in HIV-1 DNA and TREC tended to vary according to the phase of HIV-1 RNA decline ( P=0.13); for the same increase in TREC, HIV-1 DNA decline was much smaller during persistent or transient viraemia compared with stable HIV-1 RNA suppression. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that TREC levels predict HIV-1 DNA response to ART and suggest that immune repopulation by thymic emigrants adversely affects HIV-1 DNA decline in the absence of persistent viral suppression, possibly by providing a cellular source for viral infection and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, AIDS Reference Centre, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Davide De Forni
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, AIDS Reference Centre, Padova, Italy
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- PHL Regional Virus Laboratory, Bristol
| | - H Kershaw
- PHL Regional Virus Laboratory, Bristol
| | - O Caul
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee
| | | | | | | | | | - DM Gibb
- Newham General Hospital, London
| | | | - N Klein
- Newham General Hospital, London
| | - L McGee
- Newham General Hospital, London
| | - S Ewen
- Newham General Hospital, London
| | | | - DM Gibb
- St Bartholemew's Hospital, London
| | - E Cooper
- St Bartholemew's Hospital, London
| | - T Fisher
- St Bartholemew's Hospital, London
| | | | - J Norman
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London
| | - D King
- University College London Medical School
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Liu JT, Wang CH, Chou IC, Sun SS, Koa CH, Cooper E. Regaining consciousness for prolonged comatose patients with right median nerve stimulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2003; 87:11-4. [PMID: 14518515 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6081-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
During the past half year, we have utilized right median nerve stimulation (produced by Empi. Co. USA) to awaken consciousness of patients on 6 cases, 2 with brain trauma, one with aneurysm rupture, one with hemorrhagic stroke and two with hypoxic encephalopathy. The comatose duration ranged from 6 to 17 weeks. All patients underwent SPECT scan for cerebral perfusion evaluation and neurotransmitter quantification before and after the stimulation. The stimulation time lasted from 8 to 10 hours on daytime. The stimulation persisted for 3 months in all patients. Four patients recovered from the consciousness within 35 days. There was no obvious clinical improvement in two patients. Brain perfusion increased in all cases through the SPECT study after stimulation. The elevation of neurotransmitter in CSF was found in 5 out of the 6 cases. Median nerve stimulation elevates the cerebral blood flow and may influence the patient's consciousness. Young patients (<40 years old) had better results than old patients. The stimulation could be initiated if the patient's acute stage was over. In our series, although increase in cerebral blood flow was found in all cases, some patients did not regain consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ROC.
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Sun W, Thomson W, Stewart D, Cooper E. Using E-Z vacuum manifold to isolate DNA for HLA molecular typing. Hum Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vojdani A, Vojdani E, Cooper E. Antibodies to myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocytes peptides, alpha-beta-crystallin, lymphocyte activation and cytokine production in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Intern Med 2003; 254:363-74. [PMID: 12974875 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure neurone-specific humoral and cellular immune parameters in MRI-positive patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND It has been postulated from animal models for MS and in situ evidence in MS patients that antibodies, activated T cells and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the destruction of myelin sheaths and loss of oligodendrocytes in active areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy control subjects and 20 patients with abnormal MRI and clinical diagnosis of MS. Sera were tested for levels of IgG, IgM and IgA against myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides, and a small heat-shock protein, alpha-beta-crystallin. Lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of MBP, MOG peptides and alpha-beta-crystallin, measured for stimulated T cells, cytokine production and compared with controls. RESULTS Patients with MS showed the highest levels of IgG, IgM or IgA antibodies against one or all three tested antigens. Moreover, in the presence of MBP, MOG peptides or alpha-beta-crystallin, a significant percent- age of lymphocytes from MS patients underwent blast transformation, which resulted in high levels of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) production. Sensitivity of these assays was 60-80% and specificity, 65-70%. CONCLUSIONS Detection of antibodies against MBP, MOG peptides, alpha-beta-crystallin, lymphocyte stimulation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to these antigens could be used as surrogate markers for the confirmation of MS diagnosis. A combination of antibodies, lymphocyte activation or cytokine production with abnormal MRI may significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of MS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc., Beverly Hills Facility [corrected] USA.
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Keller MJ, Wheeler DG, Cooper E, Meier JL. Role of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter's 19-base-pair-repeat cyclic AMP-response element in acutely infected cells. J Virol 2003; 77:6666-75. [PMID: 12767986 PMCID: PMC156166 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.12.6666-6675.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2003] [Accepted: 03/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested a role of the five copies of the 19-bp-repeat cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element (CRE) in major immediate-early (MIE) promoter activation, the rate-limiting step in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. We used two different HCMV genome modification strategies to test this hypothesis in acutely infected cells. We report the following: (i) the CREs do not govern basal levels of MIE promoter activity at a high or low multiplicity of infection (MOI) in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)- or NTera2-derived neuronal cells; (ii) serum and virion components markedly increase MIE promoter-dependent transcription at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), but this increase is not mediated by the CREs; (iii) forskolin stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway induces a two- to threefold increase in MIE RNA levels in a CRE-specific manner at a low MOI in both HFF- and NTera2-derived neuronal cells; and (iv) the CREs do not regulate basal levels of HCMV DNA replication at a high or low MOI in HFF. Their presence does impart a forskolin-induced increase in viral DNA replication at a low MOI but only when basal levels of MIE promoter activity are experimentally diminished. In conclusion, the 19-bp-repeat CREs add to the robust MIE promoter activity that occurs in the acutely infected stimulated cells, although the CREs' greater role may be in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Helen C. Levitt Center for Viral Pathogenesis and Disease, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Cooper E, Fraser M, Kwan J, Davidson D, O'Reilly M, Paull A. Shadowing—a new approach to infection control in the workplace. J Hosp Infect 2003. [DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2002.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Peri CV, Shaffrey ME, Farace E, Cooper E, Alves WM, Cooper JB, Young JS, Jane JA. Pilot study of electrical stimulation on median nerve in comatose severe brain injured patients: 3-month outcome. Brain Inj 2001; 15:903-10. [PMID: 11595086 DOI: 10.1080/02699050110065709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To determine if electrical stimulation (ES) benefits (waking time, 3-month outcomes) treated coma patients. RESEARCH DESIGN Double blind randomized-controlled study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Ten coma patients; six treatment and four controls, using the 'Respond Select' by EMPI. EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS Treatment group received radial nerve ES applied in 300 ms intermittent pulses at 40 Hz, 15-20m A 8 hours a day up to 14 days of coma; control group received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS ES group emerged from coma mean 2 days earlier than controls, although this result was not statistically significant. At 3 months post-injury, there was no group difference in Glasgow Outcome Scale, although the ES group had improved function over controls as measured by the FIM/FAM (mean of 114 and 64.5, respectively, n.s.). CONCLUSIONS These data show an interesting trend, although statistical power was limited in this small pilot study, suggesting the need for a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Peri
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Cooper E, Paull A. Occupational exposure: there for your protection. Aust Nurs J 2001; 9:35. [PMID: 11908118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Abstract
Activity-dependent changes in gene expression involving the transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) occur in learning and memory, pain, and drug addiction. This mechanism may also be important for cytomegaloviral infections of the brain. The human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter/enhancer (hCMV promoter), rate-limiting for productive cytomegalovirus infection, contains five cAMP-response elements (CREs). Indirect evidence suggests that this promoter does not function in unstimulated neurons. Here we test the hypothesis that expression from the hCMV promoter in neurons is induced by membrane depolarization. For these experiments, we infected cultured sympathetic and hippocampal neurons with hCMV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) promoter/reporter constructs using adenoviral gene transfer techniques and measured transgene expression by quantifying GFP fluorescence and GFP mRNA levels. We found that depolarization up-regulates promoter activity by >90-fold. Moreover, our results from pharmacological experiments suggest that this induction occurred through a CREB-dependent pathway. Importantly, site-directed mutagenesis of all five CREs in the promoter blocked this up-regulation almost completely, whereas mutating four of them had no effect. We conclude that the hCMV promoter acts as a molecular switch in neurons and is strongly induced by membrane depolarization, neuronal activity, or other stimuli that activate CREB. These results may provide insight into molecular mechanisms of cytomegalovirus-related diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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41
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Mirochnick M, Cooper E, Capparelli E, McIntosh K, Lindsey J, Xu J, Jacobus D, Mofenson L, Bonagura VR, Nachman S, Yogev R, Sullivan JL, Spector SA. Population pharmacokinetics of dapsone in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70:24-32. [PMID: 11452241 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of dapsone pharmacokinetics in children have been too small to allow assessment of the relationships between dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics or markers of efficacy and toxicity. METHODS We used population analysis to estimate dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters in children participating in a phase I/II study of daily and weekly dapsone in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. With use of the program NONMEM and a 1-compartment open model, the influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on oral clearance (CL/F) and oral volume of distribution (V/F) were examined. Measures of drug exposure (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] and predicted concentrations just before and 2 hours after administration) were estimated for each patient and correlated with markers of efficacy and toxicity. RESULTS Sixty children (median age, 3 years; age range, 2 months to 12 years) contributed 412 dapsone concentrations collected after 175 study doses. Final parameter estimates were 1.40 L/kg for V/F, 0.0283 L/kg/h for CL/F, and 2.66 for the absorption rate constant. Of the clinical characteristics evaluated, dapsone CL/F was significantly increased by 50% in children taking rifabutin, by 39% in black children, and by 38% in children younger than 2 years old. Although no significant correlations were found between any dapsone exposure parameter and markers of toxicity, increased AUC was associated with a decreased risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). CONCLUSION Ethnicity, age, and concomitant rifabutin use were associated with dapsone CL/F, with more rapid clearance observed in black children, children younger than 2 years old, and children receiving rifabutin. Dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters were not associated with toxicity, but higher dapsone AUC was associated with decreased risk of PCP. Monitoring of serum dapsone levels may be needed for optimal management of dapsone for PCP prophylaxis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirochnick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cooper E, Paull A, O'Reilly M. Now wash your hands. Aust Nurs J 2001; 9:35. [PMID: 11908325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cooper
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in various processes involved in regulating systemic blood pressure. These receptors are expressed at excitatory cholinergic synapses between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic sympathetic neurons and link the integrative activities of the CNS with peripheral effector mechanisms of the sympathetic nervous system. Nicotinic AChRs are also expressed on a subset of vagal afferent neurons, including those involved in baroreceptor reflexes. This review discusses the developmental expression of nAChRs on vagal afferent neurons and two factors that influence the differentiation of these neurons: ganglionic satellite cells and neurotrophins. In addition, this review discusses two important properties of neuronal nAChRs: inward rectification and calcium permeability. At the molecular level, intracellular polyamines, acting as gating particles, effectively block the receptor pore in a voltage-dependent manner, producing inward rectification. Moreover, a critical structural determinant underlies both the block by intracellular polyamines and calcium permeability. Finally, this review discusses the modulation and block of neuronal nAChRs by extracellular polyamines and the possible implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cooper
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Science Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Juranka PF, Haghighi AP, Gaertner T, Cooper E, Morris CE. Molecular cloning and functional expression of Xenopus laevis oocyte ATP-activated P2X4 channels. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1512:111-24. [PMID: 11334629 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
All cells contain mechanosensitive ion channels, yet the molecular identities of most are unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine what encodes the Xenopus oocyte's mechanosensitive cation channel. Based on the idea that homologues to known channels might contribute to the stretch channels, we screened a Xenopus oocyte cDNA library with cation channel probes. Whereas other screens were negative, P2X probes identified six isoforms of the P2X4 subtype of ATP-gated channels. From RNase protection assays and RT-PCR, we demonstrated that Xenopus oocytes express P2X4 mRNA. In expression studies, four isoforms produced functional ATP-gated ion channels; however, one, xP2X4c, had a conserved cysteine replaced by a tyrosine and failed to give rise to functional channels. By changing the tyrosine to a cysteine, we showed that this cysteine was crucial for function. We raised antibodies against a Xenopus P2X4 C-terminal peptide to investigate xP2X4 protein expression. This affinity purified anti-xP2X4 antibody recognized a 56 kDa glycosylated Xenopus P2X4 protein expressed in stably transfected HEK-293 cells and in P2X4 cDNA injected oocytes overexpressing the cloned P2X4 channels; however, it failed to recognize proteins in control, uninjected oocytes. This suggests that P2X4 channels and mechanosensitive cation channels are not linked. Instead, oocyte P2X4 mRNA may be part of the stored pool of stable maternal mRNA that remains untranslated until later developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Juranka
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, ON, Canada
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Cooper E. Treatment for intestinal helminth infection. Message does not follow from systematic review's findings. BMJ 2000; 321:1225-6; author reply 1226-7. [PMID: 11185585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Pitt J, Henrard D, FitzGerald G, Mofenson L, Lew J, Hillyer G, Mendez H, Cooper E, Hanson C, Rich KC. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antibodies in perinatal HIV-1 infection: association with human HIV-1 transmission, infection, and disease progression. For the Women and Infants Transmission Study. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1243-6. [PMID: 10979926 DOI: 10.1086/315809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2000] [Revised: 06/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti -human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antibodies in 242 pregnant women and 238 infants were measured at birth and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after birth, to estimate their association with perinatal transmission and infant disease progression. Maternal anti-p24 (P=.01) and anti-gp120 (P=.04) antibodies were inversely associated with vertical transmission rates, independent of maternal percentage of CD4 cells, hard drug use, duration of ruptured membranes, serum albumin levels, serum vitamin A levels, and quantitative HIV-1 peripheral mononuclear blood cell culture, but not with maternal plasma immune complex dissociated p24 or HIV-1 RNA copy number, both of which were highly correlated with antibodies. From ages 1-2 months, anti-gp120, -gp41, -p31, and -p66 decayed to a greater extent in infected than in uninfected infants. Infected infants produced anti-p24 antibody by age 2 months, anti-p17 by 4 months, and anti-p41 and anti-gp120 by 6 months. As early as birth, infants with rapid disease progression had lower levels of anti-p24 than did infants whose disease did not rapidly progress, but not independently of HIV-1 RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pitt
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Scherer CA, Cooper E, Miller SI. The Salmonella type III secretion translocon protein SspC is inserted into the epithelial cell plasma membrane upon infection. Mol Microbiol 2000; 37:1133-45. [PMID: 10972831 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella species translocate effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm using a type III secretion system (TTSS). The translocation machinery probably contacts the eukaryotic cell plasma membrane to effect protein transfer. Data presented here demonstrate that both SspB and SspC, components of the translocation apparatus, are inserted into the epithelial cell plasma membrane 15 min after Salmonella typhimurium infection. In addition, a yeast two-hybrid interaction between SspC and an eukaryotic intermediate filament protein was identified. Three individual carboxyl-terminal point mutations within SspC that disrupt the yeast two-hybrid interaction were isolated. Strains expressing the mutant SspC alleles were defective for invasion, translocation of effector molecules and membrane localization of SspC. These data indicate that insertion of SspC into the plasma membrane of target cells is required for invasion and effector molecule translocation and that the carboxyl terminus of SspC is essential for these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Scherer
- Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357710, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
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Haghighi AP, Cooper E. A molecular link between inward rectification and calcium permeability of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha3beta4 and alpha4beta2 receptors. J Neurosci 2000; 20:529-41. [PMID: 10632582 PMCID: PMC6772427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed by central neurons are located at presynaptic nerve terminals. These receptors have high calcium permeability and exhibit strong inward rectification, two important physiological features that enable them to facilitate transmitter release. Previously, we showed that intracellular polyamines act as gating molecules to block neuronal nAChRs in a voltage-dependent manner, leading to inward rectification. Our goal is to identify the structural determinants that underlie the block by intracellular polyamines and govern calcium permeability of neuronal nAChRs. We hypothesize that two ring-like collections of negatively charged amino acids (cytoplasmic and intermediate rings) near the intracellular mouth of the pore mediate the interaction with intracellular polyamines and also influence calcium permeability. Using site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology on alpha(4)beta(2) and alpha(3)beta(4) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, we observed that removing the five negative charges of the cytoplasmic ring had little effect on either inward rectification or calcium permeability. However, partial removal of negative charges of the intermediate ring diminished the high-affinity, voltage-dependent interaction between intracellular polyamines and the receptor, abolishing inward rectification. In addition, these nonrectifying mutant receptors showed a drastic reduction in calcium permeability. Our results indicate that the negatively charged glutamic acid residues at the intermediate ring form both a high-affinity binding site for intracellular polyamines and a selectivity filter for inflowing calcium ions; that is, a common site links inward rectification and calcium permeability of neuronal nAChRs. Physiologically, this molecular mechanism provides insight into how presynaptic nAChRs act to influence transmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Haghighi
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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