Vaginal prevalence of human papillomavirus infections in women with uterovaginal aplasia before and after laparoscopically assisted creation of a neovagina: a prospective epidemiological observational study

OBJECTIVE

To study vaginal as opposed to cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition with regard to true prevalence, HPV types, and the role of co-factors in virgins and after their sexual debut.

DESIGN

Prospective epidemiological observational study.

SETTING

University hospital specialised in genital malformations.

POPULATION

Women diagnosed with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and undergoing neovaginoplasty between November 2011 and July 2017.

METHODS

This is a prospective study including 186 women with MRKHS before and after sexual debut.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Conventional vaginal cytology and different HPV tests were performed at surgery and during routine gynaecological follow-up 1, 3, 6 and ≥ 11 months after surgery and risk factors were documented.

RESULTS

The mean age of all women at surgery was 20.1 years (SD 5.4), mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.1 kg/m² (SD 4.6). In 83 vaginal samples from 41 different women at least one of the HPV tests was positive. Thirty-three different HPV types were detected. The prevalence of 41/186 = 22.0% as well as type distribution are comparable with those found in a young German female population. The overall rate of acquisition was clearly associated with sexual activity and smoking habits. Out of 367 Papanicolaou smears only six were abnormal with Pap IIID (MN II) and no obvious vaginal lesion was detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaginal HPV prevalence and HPV types in previously virgin women after creation of a neovagina are not different from the acquisition of cervical infections in the general population and is clearly associated with sexual activity and with smoking habits. However, abnormal Papanicolaou smears are rarely seen.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

Vaginal HPV prevalence after creation of a neovagina is similar to that on the cervix in the general population.

Abstract P1-07-20: Developing prognostic indicators of poor outcomes in PRAEGNANT metastatic breast cancer cohort

Background: Despite novel, targeted therapies, metastatic breast cancer patients have an extremely unfavourable prognosis. Prognostic and predictive factors for patients with advanced breast cancer are not well understood. Molecular assessment of the patient and the tumor in the metastatic situation is not routinely performed despite advances in molecular precision medicine indicating great benefit to this patient group. Here we present early findings from the first 142 patients of a prospective molecular breast cancer registry with completed transcriptomic profiling.

Methods: The PRAEGNANT study proctocol (NCT02338767) is a molecular registry designed to provide an infrastructure for the real-time comprehensive analysis of tumor and patient molecular characteristics under study conditions. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumors have been used from this registry to identify molecular, transcriptomic predictors for overall survival (OS).

Known clinical correlates for OS (e.g. hormone-receptor status, age at diagnosis, and BMI) were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard ratios, and compared to transcriptomic markers of outcomes. Transcriptomes for all patient tumors were sequenced on the Illumina sequencing platform, and analyzed by RSEM to estimate transcripts per million (TPM) values for each gene isoform. Log-TPM values were used in established (PAM50) and novel (hierarchical clustering) expression-based subtyping of tumor samples. Expression-based subtypes were demonstrated to be strong prognostic indicators by Cox analysis. A Lasso regression machine learning algorithm was used to develop an expression-based predictive model of OS.

Results: Hormone receptor positivity (HR=0.7, p<0.006) and TNBC status (HR=1.4, p<0.01) were significantly associated with outcomes. PAM50 subtypes were also strong indicators of outcomes (e.g. Basal disease compared to Luminal-A subtype has HR=1.4, p<0.017). A novel expression-based high-risk cluster in this cohort was more indicative of poor prognosis than clinical variates or Basal-type, with a HR=2.7 (p<0.009) when compared to Luminal-A subtype. An expression-based survival prediction model achieved a concordance-index of 0.65 in an unseen validation cohort. Patients predicted as having the shortest survival times were in the high-risk cluster.

Conclusions: Here we demonstrate using molecular profiling to develop prognostic signatures that out-perform standard clinical correlates of poor outcomes, even in a small subset of the total cohort. As the PRAEGNANT cohort expands these prognostic tools will continue to improve and supplement physician knowledge to improve patient outcomes.

Citation Format: Szeto C, Benz S, Nguyen A, Rübner M, Wallwiener D, Tesch H, Hadji P, Fehm TN, Janni W, Overkamp F, Lueftner D, Lux MP, Wallwiener M, Beckmann MW, Huebner H, Ettl J, Hartkopf AD, Mueller V, Taran FA, Belleville E, Schneeweiss A, Soon-Shiong P, Rabizadeh S, Fasching PA. Developing prognostic indicators of poor outcomes in PRAEGNANT metastatic breast cancer cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-20.

Abstract P6-11-10: Impact of disease progression on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer in the PRAEGNANT breast cancer registry

Background: Improved progression-free survival is considered as treatment goal for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) since it is assumed to delay or prevent deterioration of quality of life.Aim of our analysis was to examine the influence of disease progression on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: The PRAEGNANT study comprises a real-life registry for patients with MBC. HRQoL was assessed with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 Version 3.0 questionnaire at study entry and every 3 months thereafter. The primary endpoint was minimally important deterioration (MID) in global HRQoL score by ≥ five points between baseline and any follow-up assessment. A logistic regression model was built with MID (yes/no) at a follow-up timepoint as outcome variable and several covariates as predictors.

Results: In total, 329 patients were included in this analysis, with disease progression in 63 patients. Concerning the primary study aim, progression status predicted MID of global HRQoL status in addition to the other covariates. The adjusted odds ratio for the effect of progression status on MID was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.04 – 4.73). Comparisons of mean differences of QoL domains/scales yielded no differences.

Conclusions: We provide evidence that disease progression in patients with metastatic breast cancer in a real-world registry has a significant negative impact on HRQoL as measured by MID of HRQoL. This study emphasizes the relevance of avoiding progression and prolonging PFS to maintain QoL.

Citation Format: Wallwiener M, Nabieva N, Haeberle L, Taran FA, Hartkopf AD, Volz B, Overkamp F, Brandl AL, Kolberg H-C, Hadji P, Tesch H, Ettl J, Lux MP, Lueftner D, Belleville E, Fasching PA, Janni W, Beckmann MW, Wimberger P, Hielscher C, Fehm T, Brucker SY, Wallwiener D, Schneeweiss A, Mueller V. Impact of disease progression on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer in the PRAEGNANT breast cancer registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-10.

A Case of Choroidal Melanoma Metastatic to the Breast

A 61-year-old woman developed blurred vision in her left eye in December 2006. A clinical diagnosis of choroidal melanoma was made. The patient underwent excision of the left lens, followed by vitrectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy. She remained systemically healthy until 50 months later when, during a CT scan done for staging purposes, a newly visible lump was noted in the lower quadrant of her left breast. Core needle biopsy of the lesion in the left breast was performed, and histologic examination revealed metastasis from the choroidal melanoma. The patient underwent breast-conserving surgery of the left breast. Definitive histological examination showed clear tumor margins in the resected specimen and one sentinel lymph node without evidence of metastatic cells. Twenty-nine months after surgery, a similar nodule was detected in the upper quadrant of the left breast. Core biopsy again showed metastatic melanoma, and similar breast-conserving surgery was performed. Systemic examination, including magnetic resonance imaging of the head and computed tomography of the pelvis, abdomen, and chest, was done regularly and revealed no significant findings. Solitary breast metastases from choroidal melanoma are extremely rare. Nevertheless, clinicians should be aware of this rare form of metastasis when treating patients with suspicious breast lesions and a history of choroidal melanoma. If solitary metastasis is confirmed, then breast-conserving surgery may be recommended.

Clinical Characteristics, Surgical Management and Adjuvant Therapy of Patients with Uterine Carcinosarcoma: A Retrospective Case Series

Purpose: To review a single-center experience over a 27-year period of managing uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), focusing on surgical practice, adjuvant therapy and clinical outcome. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of women with histologically proven UCS treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Germany, between 1983 and 2010. Inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed; follow-up and survival data were ascertained. Results: The study population comprised 18 patients with UCS. Primary surgical treatment consisted of total abdominal hysterectomy in 12 patients (67 %) and laparoscopic total hysterectomy in 4 patients (22 %). Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 94 % of patients (17/18). Lymph nodes were evaluated in 15 patients (83 %). Positive pelvic lymph nodes were present in 2 patients (11 %). A total of 17 patients (94 %) received adjuvant therapy. Disease recurred in 7 (39 %) patients of our study group, with no recurrence noted in the 4 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgical staging. Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 48.7 months (95 % CI: 0.0-157.3) and median overall survival (OS) was 49.9 months (95 % CI: 0.0-108.2). The 5-year survival rate was 40 %. Conclusion: UCS is a rare and aggressive uterine neoplasm with high recurrence rates and metastatic potential. Surgical staging consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy is the most important treatment for patients with UCS. Adjuvant radiation therapy appears to decrease pelvic recurrence, but there is a high incidence of distant recurrence, indicating the need for additional systemic treatment.

Surgical and Conservative Management of Symptomatic Leiomyomas during Pregnancy: a Retrospective Pilot Study

Purpose: Evidence regarding distinguishing characteristics of women with symptomatic leiomyomas during pregnancy who undergo myomectomy during pregnancy and those who respond to conservative treatment is sparse because it mostly derives from case reports and small patient series. As the first of its type, the present study analyzed the characteristics of women with symptomatic leiomyomas treated with myomectomy during pregnancy and those treated conservatively. Methods: We performed a computer search of medical records from 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2011 using the International Classification of Diseases Codes for pregnancy, myomectomy and leiomyomas during pregnancy. Results: 27 patients were admitted during pregnancy directly related to leiomyomas; 17 of the 27 patients received conservative treatment for symptomatic leiomyomas, and 10 patients had surgery during pregnancy: 3 had undergone diagnostic surgical procedures and 7 myomectomy. Perioperative and postoperative morbidity was low in all women in our sample. Conclusion: In our pilot study, myomectomy during pregnancy was safely performed in carefully selected patients, with subserosal or pedunculated leiomyomas that failed to respond to conservative treatment, with low perioperative and postoperative morbidity.