Oxidative Stress Causes Renal Dopamine D1 Receptor Dysfunction and Hypertension via Mechanisms That Involve Nuclear Factor-κB and Protein Kinase C.
J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;
18:1446-57. [PMID:
17409305 DOI:
10.1681/asn.2006121373]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal dopamine, via activation of D1 receptors, plays a role in maintaining sodium homeostasis and BP. There exists a defect in renal D1 receptor function in hypertension, diabetes, and aging, conditions that are associated with oxidative stress. However, the exact underlying mechanism of the oxidative stress-mediated impaired D1 receptor signaling and hypertension is not known. The effect of oxidative stress on renal D1 receptor function was investigated in healthy animals. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received tap water (vehicle) and 30 mM L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an oxidant, with and without 1 mM tempol for 2 wk. Compared with vehicle, BSO treatment caused oxidative stress and increase in BP, which was accompanied by defective D1 receptor G-protein coupling and loss of natriuretic response to SKF38393. BSO treatment also increased NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, protein kinase C (PKC) activity and expression, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) membranous translocation, and D1 receptor serine phosphorylation. In BSO-treated rats' supplementation of tempol decreased oxidative stress, normalized BP, and restored D1 receptor G-protein coupling and natriuretic response to SKF38393. Tempol also normalized NF-kappaB translocation, PKC activity and expression, GRK-2 sequestration, and D1 receptor serine phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results show that oxidative stress activates NF-kappaB, causing an increase in PKC activity, which leads to GRK-2 translocation and subsequent D1 receptor hyper-serine phosphorylation and uncoupling. The functional consequence of this phenomenon was the inability of SKF38393 to inhibit Na/K-ATPase activity and promote sodium excretion, which may have contributed to increase in BP. Tempol reduced oxidative stress and thereby restored D1 receptor function and normalized BP.
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