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Corsi F, Di Meo E, Lulli D, Deidda Tarquini G, Capradossi F, Bruni E, Pelliccia A, Traversa E, Dellambra E, Failla CM, Ghibelli L. Safe-Shields: Basal and Anti-UV Protection of Human Keratinocytes by Redox-Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prevents UVB-Induced Mutagenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030757. [PMID: 36979005 PMCID: PMC10045349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), biocompatible multifunctional nanozymes exerting unique biomimetic activities, mimic superoxide-dismutase and catalase through a self-regenerating, energy-free redox cycle driven by Ce3+/4+ valence switch. Additional redox-independent UV-filter properties render nanoceria ideal multitask solar screens, shielding from UV exposure, simultaneously protecting tissues from UV-oxidative damage. Here, we report that nanoceria favour basal proliferation of primary normal keratinocytes, and protects them from UVB-induced DNA damage, mutagenesis, and apoptosis, minimizing cell loss and accelerating recovery with flawless cells. Similar cell-protective effects were found on irradiated noncancerous, but immortalized, p53-null HaCaT keratinocytes, with the notable exception that here, nanoceria do not accelerate basal HaCaT proliferation. Notably, nanoceria protect HaCaT from oxidative stress induced by irradiated titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a major active principle of commercial UV-shielding lotions, thus neutralizing their most critical side effects. The intriguing combination of nanoceria multiple beneficial properties opens the way for smart and safer containment measures of UV-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Corsi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Di Meo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lulli
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Deidda Tarquini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Capradossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelliccia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
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Pelliccia A, Capradossi F, Corsi F, Tarquini GD, Bruni E, Reichle A, Torino F, Ghibelli L. Androgen Deprivation Freezes Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Cells in a Reversible, Genetically Unstable Quasi-Apoptotic State, Bursting into Full Apoptosis upon Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032040. [PMID: 36768364 PMCID: PMC9917232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a powerful treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients, but eventually and inevitably, cancer relapses, progressing to the fatal castration-resistant (CR)PC stage. Progression implies the emergence of cells proliferating in the absence of androgen through still elusive mechanisms. We show here for the first time that ADT induces LNCaP mHSPC cells to collectively enter a metastable quasi-apoptotic state (QUAPS) consisting of partial mitochondrial permeabilization, limited BAX and caspase activation, and moderate induction of caspase-dependent dsDNA breaks; despite this, cells maintain full viability. QUAPS is destabilized by poly(ADP)-polymerase inhibition (PARPi), breaking off toward overt intrinsic apoptosis and culture extinction. Instead, QUAPS is rapidly and efficiently reverted upon androgen restoration, with mitochondria rapidly recovering integrity and cells collectively resuming normal proliferation. Notably, replication restarts before DNA repair is completed, and implies an increased micronuclei frequency, indicating that ADT promotes genetic instability. The recovered cells re-acquire insensitivity to PARPi (as untreated LNCaP), pointing to specific, context-dependent vulnerability of mHSPC cells to PARPi during ADT. Summarizing, QUAPS is an unstable, pro-mutagenic state developing as a pro-survival pathway stabilized by PARP, and constitutes a novel viewpoint explaining how ADT-treated mHSPC may progress to CRPC, indicating possible preventive countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelliccia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4095 (A.P.); +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
| | | | - Francesca Corsi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Deidda Tarquini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4095 (A.P.); +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
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Petrella G, Corsi F, Ciufolini G, Germini S, Capradossi F, Pelliccia A, Torino F, Ghibelli L, Cicero DO. Metabolic Reprogramming of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells as a Response to Chemotherapy. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010065. [PMID: 36676990 PMCID: PMC9865398 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer at the castration-resistant stage (CRPC) is a leading cause of death among men due to resistance to anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy. We set up an in vitro model of therapy-induced cancer repopulation and acquired cell resistance (CRAC) on etoposide-treated CRPC PC3 cells, witnessing therapy-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and chemoresistance among repopulating cells. Here, we explore the metabolic changes leading to chemo-induced CRAC, measuring the exchange rates cell/culture medium of 36 metabolites via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. We studied the evolution of PC3 metabolism throughout recovery from etoposide, encompassing the degenerative, quiescent, and repopulating phases. We found that glycolysis is immediately shut off by etoposide, gradually recovering together with induction of EMT and repopulation. Instead, OXPHOS, already high in untreated PC3, is boosted by etoposide to decline afterward, though stably maintaining values higher than control. Notably, high levels of EMT, crucial in the acquisition of chemoresistance, coincide with a strong acceleration of metabolism, especially in the exchange of principal nutrients and their end products. These results provide novel information on the energy metabolism of cancer cells repopulating from cytotoxic drug treatment, paving the way for uncovering metabolic vulnerabilities to be possibly pharmacologically targeted and providing novel clinical options for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Petrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-4835
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ciufolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sveva Germini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Oncologia Medica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Corsi F, Capradossi F, Pelliccia A, Briganti S, Bruni E, Traversa E, Torino F, Reichle A, Ghibelli L. Apoptosis as Driver of Therapy-Induced Cancer Repopulation and Acquired Cell-Resistance (CRAC): A Simple In Vitro Model of Phoenix Rising in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031152. [PMID: 35163077 PMCID: PMC8834753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells stimulate compensatory proliferation through the caspase-3-cPLA-2-COX-2-PGE-2-STAT3 Phoenix Rising pathway as a healing process in normal tissues. Phoenix Rising is however usurped in cancer, potentially nullifying pro-apoptotic therapies. Cytotoxic therapies also promote cancer cell plasticity through epigenetic reprogramming, leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), chemo-resistance and tumor progression. We explored the relationship between such scenarios, setting-up an innovative, straightforward one-pot in vitro model of therapy-induced prostate cancer repopulation. Cancer (castration-resistant PC3 and androgen-sensitive LNCaP), or normal (RWPE-1) prostate cells, are treated with etoposide and left recovering for 18 days. After a robust apoptotic phase, PC3 setup a coordinate tissue-like response, repopulating and acquiring EMT and chemo-resistance; repopulation occurs via Phoenix Rising, being dependent on high PGE-2 levels achieved through caspase-3-promoted signaling; epigenetic inhibitors interrupt Phoenix Rising after PGE-2, preventing repopulation. Instead, RWPE-1 repopulate via Phoenix Rising without reprogramming, EMT or chemo-resistance, indicating that only cancer cells require reprogramming to complete Phoenix Rising. Intriguingly, LNCaP stop Phoenix-Rising after PGE-2, failing repopulating, suggesting that the propensity to engage/complete Phoenix Rising may influence the outcome of pro-apoptotic therapies. Concluding, we established a reliable system where to study prostate cancer repopulation, showing that epigenetic reprogramming assists Phoenix Rising to promote post-therapy cancer repopulation and acquired cell-resistance (CRAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Corsi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4095 (F.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
| | - Francesco Capradossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (E.B.)
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelliccia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (E.B.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.G.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4095 (F.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-4218 (L.G.)
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Oliver-De La Cruz J, Nardone G, Vrbsky J, Pompeiano A, Perestrelo AR, Capradossi F, Melajová K, Filipensky P, Forte G. Substrate mechanics controls adipogenesis through YAP phosphorylation by dictating cell spreading. Biomaterials 2019; 205:64-80. [PMID: 30904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanoregulated proteins YAP/TAZ are involved in the adipogenic/osteogenic switch of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSC fate decision can be unbalanced by controlling substrate mechanics, in turn altering the transmission of tension through cell cytoskeleton. MSCs have been proposed for orthopedic and reconstructive surgery applications. Thus, a tight control of their adipogenic potential is required in order to avoid their drifting towards fat tissue. Substrate mechanics has been shown to drive MSC commitment and to regulate YAP/TAZ protein shuttling and turnover. The mechanism by which YAP/TAZ co-transcriptional activity is mechanically regulated during MSC fate acquisition is still debated. Here, we design few bioengineering tools suited to disentangle the contribution of mechanical from biological stimuli to MSC adipogenesis. We demonstrate that the mechanical repression of YAP happens through its phosphorylation, is purely mediated by cell spreading downstream of substrate mechanics as dictated by dimensionality. YAP repression is sufficient to prompt MSC adipogenesis, regardless of a permissive biological environment, TEAD nuclear presence or focal adhesion stabilization. Finally, by harnessing the potential of YAP mechanical regulation, we propose a practical example of the exploitation of adipogenic transdifferentiation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgia Nardone
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Capradossi
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Melajová
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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