1
|
Rousis NI, Gracia-Lor E, Hernández F, Poretti F, Santos MM, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S. Wastewater-based epidemiology as a novel tool to evaluate human exposure to pesticides: Triazines and organophosphates as case studies. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148618. [PMID: 34182454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Production and application of pesticides have risen remarkably in the last few decades. Even if they provide many benefits, they can be hazardous for humans and ecosystems when they are not used cautiously. Human exposure to pesticides is well documented, but new approaches are needed to boost the available information. This work proposes a new application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to assess the exposure of the general population to organophosphate and triazine pesticides (pyrethroid pesticides have already been validated). Several human urinary metabolites tested as WBE biomarkers, were suitable. Untreated wastewater samples from different European countries were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomarker concentrations were converted to mass loads and used to back-calculate the local population's exposure to the parent pesticides, using specific correction factors developed in this study. Exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroids showed spatial and seasonal variations. Finally, pesticide exposure was estimated in twenty cities of ten European countries and compared with the acceptable daily intake, concluding that some populations might face health risks. The study confirms WBE as a suitable approach for assessing the average community exposure to pesticides and is a valuable complementary biomonitoring tool. WBE can provide valuable data for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Rousis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Francesco Poretti
- Consorzio Depurazione Acque Lugano e Dintorni, Via Molinazzo 1, 6934 Bioggio, Switzerland
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castiglioni S, Salgueiro-González N, Bijlsma L, Celma A, Gracia-Lor E, Beldean-Galea MS, Mackuľak T, Emke E, Heath E, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Petkovic A, Poretti F, Rangelov J, Santos MM, Sremački M, Styszko K, Hernández F, Zuccato E. New psychoactive substances in several European populations assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology. Water Res 2021; 195:116983. [PMID: 33721674 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be a useful tool to face some of the existing challenges in monitoring the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), as it can provide objective and updated information. This Europe-wide study aimed to verify the suitability of WBE for investigating the use of NPS. Selected NPS were monitored in urban wastewater by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The main classical illicit drugs were monitored in the same samples to compare their levels with those of NPS. Raw composite wastewater samples were collected in 2016 and 2017 in 14 European countries (22 cities) following best practice sampling protocols. Methcathinone was most frequent (>65% of the cities), followed by mephedrone (>25% of the cities), and only mephedrone, methcathinone and methylone were found in both years. This study depicts the use of NPS in Europe, confirming that it is much lower than the use of classical drugs. WBE proved able to assess the qualitative and quantitative spatial and temporal profiles of NPS use. The results show the changeable nature of the NPS market and the importance of large WBE monitoring campaigns for selected priority NPS. WBE is valuable for complementing epidemiological studies to follow rapidly changing profiles of use of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 2101/9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Francesco Poretti
- Consorzio Depurazione Acque Lugano e Dintorni, Via Molinazzo 1, 6934 Bioggio, Switzerland
| | | | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maja Sremački
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Katarzyna Styszko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, Poland
| | - Felix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Environmental Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poretti F, Rosen T, Körner B, Vorwerk D. Randomisierte Untersuchung zur Anwendung eines Chitosan-Gerinnungspads zur Blutstillung bei transbrachialen Angiographien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005; 177:1260-6. [PMID: 16123873 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-858328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Until now, no mechanical closure devices were available to achieve fast and secure hemostasis for vessel closure after catheterization of small arterial vessels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients were randomized to evaluate the effect on hemostasis by use of a chitosan pad (Chito-Seal, Abbott Vascular Devices, Galway/Ireland) in comparison to manual compression after diagnostic transbrachial arterial catheterization. Hemostasis after three minutes and one hour as well as local development of a hematoma after one and twenty-four hours were assessed. RESULTS The use of chitosan pads significantly decreased the bleeding time in the first three minutes after manual compression time (p < 0.01). Significant decrease in bleeding risk at three minutes by use of the chitosan closure pads was also found in subgroups of patients with hypertension (p < 0.001) or diabetes (p < 0.01) and also in patients under anticoagulation therapy (p < 0.01). In addition, long-term protection from bleeding complications such as the risk of hematoma was decreased by the use of chitosan closure pads one hour (p < 0.01) or twenty-four hours (p < 0.001) after catheter removal. CONCLUSION The use of an intravascular anchor or suture system is not safely applicable in these vessels due to the small diameter of the brachial artery. Our results document a significant improvement in hemostasis by using chitosan pads in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Poretti
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Ingolstadt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe safety and efficacy of transbrachial selective carotid digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 1999 to November 2001, selective carotid angiography was performed in 141 outpatients preferably using a left brachial arterial approach. The average age of the patients was 68 years (range: 39 - 89 years). After flush aortography through a 4F-pigtail catheter, bilateral selective common carotid artery (CCA) catheterization was performed with 4F-Sidewinder-1 or Sidewinder-2 catheters. In 49 patients, Doppler-sonography was performed before or after arteriography. A total of 41 patients underwent carotid surgery. RESULTS Selective catheterization of the CCA was successful in 96 % of the cases. The diagnostic quality of the opacified aorta and CCA images was good to excellent. The overall complication rate did not exceed 2.1 %, and severe complications were not observed. One patient showed transient neurological symptoms and another mild nausea and agitation, probably as toxic reaction to the contrast medium. A single local hematoma developed after unsuccessful puncture of the brachial artery. CONCLUSION Transbrachial selective carotid DSA is safe, reliable and well-tolerated in outpatients and achieves a superimposition-free CCA visualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rosen
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie des Klinikums Ingolstadt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vorwerk D, Poretti F. [Use of a new tiltable angiography table for diagnostic and interventional CO2 angiography]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2001; 173:253-6. [PMID: 11293869 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A new tiltable angiographic table was tested for its applicability during carbon dioxide angiography in 11 patients. A change of position could be performed easily without delaying the procedure time and improved image quality in 8 patients while carbon dioxide was applied as contrast agent. The new tiltable angio table--originally designed for surgical procedures performed within the angiosuite--proved to be of use also during percutaneous diagnostic procedures, particularly with carbon dioxide as a contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vorwerk
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Ingolstadt.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schürmann K, Haage P, Chalabi C, Poretti F, Peters I, Reekers JA, Günther RW, Vorwerk D. [The Perflex stent, a new balloon-expandable vascular stent: the initial clinical results]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1999; 170:497-502. [PMID: 10370415 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1011079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical evaluation of a newly developed balloon-expandable vascular stent. METHOD Participating in a multi-center study our clinic enrolled 12 patients with 15 iliac artery stenoses (Fontaine IIa-III) that were treated with the new stent. Three patients had bilateral stenoses. The mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) at rest was 0.76 +/- 0.25 (+/- 1 standard deviation), the mean ABI after exercise was 0.47 +/- 0.20. Indication for stent insertion was a residual trans-lesion pressure gradient > or = 10 mmHg after balloon angioplasty. Follow-up included clinical examination, measurements of the ABI at rest and after exercise, and colour duplex ultrasound (CDS) on the day of hospital dismissal and 1, 6 and 12 months after stent insertion. RESULTS 16 stents were placed successfully. One stenosis was treated with two stents. Acute complications did not occur. The Fontaine stage increased by at least one stage in all patients. The ABI at rest rose to 0.91 +/- 0.26, the ABI after exercise to 0.86 +/- 0.29. During follow-up one stent occlusion, one stenosis proximal to a stent, and CDS-findings suggesting restenosis in two further stents were observed. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the Perflex stent may be used in the iliac arteries with a success rate similar to other stents. However, this preliminary result has to be confirmed in a larger series and after a longer follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schürmann
- Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krejci I, Poretti F, Lutz F. [Marginal adaptation of adhesive inlays after removal of unpolymerized composite cement]. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1992; 47:26-8. [PMID: 1611972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The removal of polymerized excess resin cement around adhesive inlays is very time consuming and often tooth-destructive. In this study we evaluated, if brushing away of the unset resin cement produced any marginal imperfections. It was found that this procedure caused underfilled margins especially in the occlusal portion of the inlay margins. For this reason the use of this method to remove excess resin cement is not recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Krejci
- Zahnärztliches Institut der Universität Zürich
| | | | | |
Collapse
|