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Nikolic N, Devloo-Delva F, Bailleul D, Noskova E, Rougeux C, Delord C, Borsa P, Liautard-Haag C, Hassan M, Marie AD, Feutry P, Grewe P, Davies C, Farley J, Fernando D, Biton-Porsmoguer S, Poisson F, Parker D, Leone A, Aulich J, Lansdell M, Marsac F, Arnaud-Haond S. Stepping up to genome scan allows stock differentiation in the worldwide distributed blue shark Prionace glauca. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1000-1019. [PMID: 36511846 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blue shark Prionace glauca is a top predator with one of the widest geographical distributions of any shark species. It is classified as Critically Endangered in the Mediterranean Sea, and Near Threatened globally. Previous genetic studies did not reject the null hypothesis of a single global population. The blue shark was proposed as a possible archetype of the "grey zone of population differentiation," coined to designate cases where population structure may be too recent or too faint to be detected using a limited set of markers. Here, blue shark samples collected throughout its global range were sequenced using a specific RAD method (DArTseq), which recovered 37,655 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two main groups emerged, with Mediterranean Sea and northern Atlantic samples (Northern population) differentiated significantly from the Indo-west Pacific samples (Southern population). Significant pairwise FST values indicated further genetic differentiation within the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Reconstruction of recent demographic history suggested divergence between Northern and Southern populations occurred about 500 generations ago and revealed a drastic reduction in effective population size from a large ancestral population. Our results illustrate the power of genome scans to detect population structure and reconstruct demographic history in highly migratory marine species. Given that the management plans of the blue shark (targeted or bycatch) fisheries currently assume panmictic regional stocks, we strongly recommend that the results presented here be considered in future stock assessments and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Nikolic
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France.,INRAE, Ecobiop, AQUA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,ARBRE, Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Floriaan Devloo-Delva
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences-Quantitative Marine Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Diane Bailleul
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
| | - Ekaterina Noskova
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Chrystelle Delord
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
| | - Philippe Borsa
- Institut de recherche pour le développement, UMR ENTROPIE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mohamad Hassan
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France.,Animal Production Department, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Amandine D Marie
- ARBRE, Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion, Saint-Gilles, France
| | | | - Peter Grewe
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - François Poisson
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
| | - Denham Parker
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, (DFFE), Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Agostino Leone
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
| | | | | | - Francis Marsac
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Sète, France
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Hood R, Beckley L, Cowie G, D'Adamo N, Gaye B, Honda M, Huggett J, Landry M, Marsac F, Sarma VVSS, Vialard J, Vinayachandran PN, Wiggert J. Dr. Satya Prakash (1979-2021)Image 1. Deep Sea Res 2 Top Stud Oceanogr 2022; 197:105046. [PMID: 36567967 PMCID: PMC9759707 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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3
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Romanov EV, Cherel Y, Marsac F. New record of Ectreposebastes niger (Fourmanoir, 1971) (Setarchidae, Scorpaeniformes): a rare bathypelagic fish from La Pérouse Seamount, Western Indian Ocean, and distribution of Ectreposebastes Garman, 1899 in the Indian Ocean. ZOOSYSTEMA 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Romanov
- CAP RUN – CITEB (Centre technique de recherche et de valorisation des milieux aquatiques), Magasin n°10 – Port Ouest, F-97420 Le Port, Île de la Réunion (France)
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, F-79360 Villiers-en-bois (France)
| | - Francis Marsac
- MARBEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, avenue Jean-Monnet, CS 30171, F-34203 Sète cedex (France) and IRD, Seychelles Fishing Authority, Fishing Port, P.O Box 449, Victoria, Mahe (Seychelles)
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Artetxe-Arrate I, Fraile I, Farley J, Darnaude AM, Clear N, Rodríguez-Ezpeleta N, Dettman DL, Pécheyran C, Krug I, Médieu A, Ahusan M, Proctor C, Priatna A, Lestari P, Davies C, Marsac F, Murua H. Otolith chemical fingerprints of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Indian Ocean: First insights into stock structure delineation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249327. [PMID: 33780495 PMCID: PMC8006990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of otoliths (earbones) can provide valuable information about stock structure and connectivity patterns among marine fish. For that, chemical signatures must be sufficiently distinct to allow accurate classification of an unknown fish to their area of origin. Here we have examined the suitability of otolith microchemistry as a tool to better understand the spatial dynamics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), a highly valuable commercial species for which uncertainties remain regarding its stock structure in the Indian Ocean. For this aim, we have compared the early life otolith chemical composition of young-of-the-year (<6 months) skipjack tuna captured from the three main nursery areas of the equatorial Indian Ocean (West, Central and East). Elemental (Li:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca) and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) signatures were used, from individuals captured in 2018 and 2019. Otolith Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca and δ18O significantly differed among fish from different nurseries, but, in general, the chemical signatures of the three nursery areas largely overlapped. Multivariate analyses of otolith chemical signatures revealed low geographic separation among Central and Eastern nurseries, achieving a maximum overall random forest cross validated classification success of 51%. Cohort effect on otolith trace element signatures was also detected, indicating that variations in chemical signatures associated with seasonal changes in oceanographic conditions must be well understood, particularly for species with several reproductive peaks throughout the year. Otolith microchemistry in conjunction with other techniques (e.g., genetics, particle tracking) should be further investigated to resolve skipjack stock structure, which will ultimately contribute to the sustainable management of this stock in the Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraide Artetxe-Arrate
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Igaratza Fraile
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Jessica Farley
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Naomi Clear
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - David L. Dettman
- Environmental Isotope Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Iñigo Krug
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Anaïs Médieu
- Marbec, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Mohamed Ahusan
- Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Male, Maldives
| | - Craig Proctor
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Asep Priatna
- Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Francis Marsac
- Marbec, Univ Montpellierm CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Hilario Murua
- International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Artetxe-Arrate I, Fraile I, Marsac F, Farley JH, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Davies CR, Clear NP, Grewe P, Murua H. A review of the fisheries, life history and stock structure of tropical tuna (skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis, yellowfin Thunnus albacares and bigeye Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean. Adv Mar Biol 2020; 88:39-89. [PMID: 34119046 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna are the target species of tropical tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean, with high commercial value in the international market. High fishing pressure over the past three decades has raised concerns about their sustainability. Understanding life history strategies and stock structure is essential to determine species resilience and how they might respond to exploitation. Here we provide a comprehensive review of available knowledge on the biology, ecology, and stock structure of tropical tuna species in the Indian Ocean. We describe the characteristics of Indian Ocean tropical tuna fisheries and synthesize skipjack, yellowfin, and bigeye tuna key life history attributes such as biogeography, trophic ecology, growth, and reproductive biology. In addition, we evaluate the available literature about their stock structure using different approaches such as analysis of fisheries data, genetic markers, otolith microchemistry and tagging, among others. Based on this review, we conclude that there is a clear lack of ocean basin-scale studies on skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna life history, and that regional stock structure studies indicate that the panmictic population assumption of these stocks should be investigated further. Finally, we identify specific knowledge gaps that should be addressed with priority to ensure a sustainable and effective management of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraide Artetxe-Arrate
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrea Kaia, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Igaratza Fraile
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrea Kaia, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Francis Marsac
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France
| | - Jessica H Farley
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrea Kaia, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Campbell R Davies
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Naomi P Clear
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Peter Grewe
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Hilario Murua
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrea Kaia, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, Washington, DC, United States
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Miloslavich P, Bax NJ, Simmons SE, Klein E, Appeltans W, Aburto-Oropeza O, Andersen Garcia M, Batten SD, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Checkley DM, Chiba S, Duffy JE, Dunn DC, Fischer A, Gunn J, Kudela R, Marsac F, Muller-Karger FE, Obura D, Shin YJ. Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2416-2433. [PMID: 29623683 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex and expensive, are required by the international scientific, governance and policy communities to provide baselines against which the effects of human pressures and climate change may be measured and reported, and resources allocated to implement solutions. To identify biological and ecological essential ocean variables (EOVs) for implementation within a global ocean observing system that is relevant for science, informs society, and technologically feasible, we used a driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. We (1) examined relevant international agreements to identify societal drivers and pressures on marine resources and ecosystems, (2) evaluated the temporal and spatial scales of variables measured by 100+ observing programs, and (3) analysed the impact and scalability of these variables and how they contribute to address societal and scientific issues. EOVs were related to the status of ecosystem components (phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and diversity, and abundance and distribution of fish, marine turtles, birds and mammals), and to the extent and health of ecosystems (cover and composition of hard coral, seagrass, mangrove and macroalgal canopy). Benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution and microbe diversity and biomass were identified as emerging EOVs to be developed based on emerging requirements and new technologies. The temporal scale at which any shifts in biological systems will be detected will vary across the EOVs, the properties being monitored and the length of the existing time-series. Global implementation to deliver useful products will require collaboration of the scientific and policy sectors and a significant commitment to improve human and infrastructure capacity across the globe, including the development of new, more automated observing technologies, and encouraging the application of international standards and best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Miloslavich
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Bax
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | | | - Eduardo Klein
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC Project Office for IODE, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Octavio Aburto-Oropeza
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Andersen Garcia
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of International Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sonia D Batten
- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Sanae Chiba
- UN Environment-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Research and Development Center for Global Change (RCGC), JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Dunn
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Albert Fischer
- Intergovermental Oceanographic Commission IOC/UNESCO, Paris, France
| | - John Gunn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Francis Marsac
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC 248, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Frank E Muller-Karger
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | | | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC 248, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ma-Re Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Kaplan DM, Bach P, Bonhommeau S, Chassot E, Chavance P, Dagorn L, Davies T, Dueri S, Fletcher R, Fonteneau A, Fromentin JM, Gaertner D, Hampton J, Hilborn R, Hobday A, Kearney R, Kleiber P, Lehodey P, Marsac F, Maury O, Mees C, Ménard F, Pearce J, Sibert J. The True Challenge of Giant Marine Reserves. Science 2013; 340:810-1. [DOI: 10.1126/science.340.6134.810-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Kaplan
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - Pascal Bach
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Chassot
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - Pierre Chavance
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - Laurent Dagorn
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - Tim Davies
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sibylle Dueri
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - Rick Fletcher
- Department of Fisheries Research, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia
| | - Alain Fonteneau
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | | | - Daniel Gaertner
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | - John Hampton
- Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Ray Hilborn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alistair Hobday
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert Kearney
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pierre Kleiber
- U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (retired), Honolulu, HI 96814, USA
| | - Patrick Lehodey
- Marine Ecosystems Department, Space Oceanography Division, Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France
| | - Francis Marsac
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
- International Centre for Education, Marine and Atmospheric Sciences over Africa, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Olivier Maury
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
- International Centre for Education, Marine and Atmospheric Sciences over Africa, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Frédéric Ménard
- In stitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 212 Exploited Marine Ecosystems (EME), 34203 Sète cedex, France
| | | | - John Sibert
- Joint Institute for Marine and At mospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Backeberg BB, Brito A, Collins C, Cossa O, Gemo F, Jose Y, Loveday B, Malauene B, Marsac F, Maueua C, Maury O, Mavume A, Nehama F, Penven P, Pous S, Reason C, Roberts M, Shillington F. JEAI-MOCAs: A multi-institutional initiative to build marine research capacity in Mozambique. S AFR J SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/sajs.2013/a0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Conand F, Marsac F, Tessier E, Conand C. A Ten-year Period of Daily Sea Surface Temperature at a Coastal Station in Reunion Island, Indian Ocean (July 1993 – April 2004): Patterns of Variability and Biological Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v6i1.48222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Weimerskirch H, Le Corre M, Ropert-Coudert Y, Kato A, Marsac F. Sex-specific foraging behaviour in a seabird with reversed sexual dimorphism: the red-footed booby. Oecologia 2005; 146:681-91. [PMID: 16195880 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Most hypotheses attempting to explain the evolution of reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) assume that size-related differences in foraging ability are of prime importance, but the studies on sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour remain scarce. We compare the foraging behaviour of males and females in a seabird species with a RSD by using several miniaturised activity and telemetry loggers. In red-footed boobies males are 5% smaller and 15% lighter than females, but have a longer tail than females. Both sexes spend similar time on the nest while incubating or brooding. When foraging at sea, males and females spend similar time foraging in oceanic waters, forage in similar areas, spend similar proportion of their foraging trip in flight, and feed on similar prey-flying fishes and flying squids-of similar size. However, compared to males, females range farther during incubation (85 km vs. 50 km), and furthermore feed mostly at the extremity of their foraging trip, whereas males actively forage throughout the trip. Males are much more active than females, landing and diving more often. During the study period, males lost mass, whereas females showed no significant changes. These results indicate that males and females of the red-footed boobies differ in several aspects in their foraging behaviour. Although some differences found in the study may be the direct result of the larger size of females, that is, the slightly higher speeds and deeper depths attained by females, others indicate clearly different foraging strategies between the sexes. The smaller size and longer tail of males confer them a higher agility, and could allow them to occupy a foraging niche different from that of females. The higher foraging effort of males related to its different foraging strategy is probably at the origin of the rapid mass loss of males during the breeding period. These results suggest that foraging differences are probably the reason for the differential breeding investment observed in boobies, and are likely to be involved in the evolution and maintenance of RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Weimerskirch
- IRD, Centre de la Réunion, UR 109 Thetis, BP 172, 97492, Sainte Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
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Weimerskirch H, Le Corre M, Ropert-Coudert Y, Kato A, Marsac F. The three-dimensional flight of red-footed boobies: adaptations to foraging in a tropical environment? Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:53-61. [PMID: 15875570 PMCID: PMC1634943 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In seabirds a broad variety of morphologies, flight styles and feeding methods exist as an adaptation to optimal foraging in contrasted marine environments for a wide variety of prey types. Because of the low productivity of tropical waters it is expected that specific flight and foraging techniques have been selected there, but very few data are available. By using five different types of high-precision miniaturized logger (global positioning systems, accelerometers, time depth recorders, activity recorders, altimeters) we studied the way a seabird is foraging over tropical waters. Red-footed boobies are foraging in the day, never foraging at night, probably as a result of predation risks. They make extensive use of wind conditions, flying preferentially with crosswinds at median speed of 38 km h(-1), reaching highest speeds with tail winds. They spent 66% of the foraging trip in flight, using a flap-glide flight, and gliding 68% of the flight. Travelling at low costs was regularly interrupted by extremely active foraging periods where birds are very frequently touching water for landing, plunge diving or surface diving (30 landings h(-1)). Dives were shallow (maximum 2.4 m) but frequent (4.5 dives h(-1)), most being plunge dives. While chasing for very mobile prey like flying fishes, boobies have adopted a very active and specific hunting behaviour, but the use of wind allows them to reduce travelling cost by their extensive use of gliding. During the foraging and travelling phases birds climb regularly to altitudes of 20-50 m to spot prey or congeners. During the final phase of the flight, they climb to high altitudes, up to 500 m, probably to avoid attacks by frigatebirds along the coasts. This study demonstrates the use by boobies of a series of very specific flight and activity patterns that have probably been selected as adaptations to the conditions of tropical waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Weimerskirch
- IRD, Centre de la Réunion, UR 109 Thetis, BP 172, 97492 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France.
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