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Yonehara K, Fiscella M, Drinnenberg A, Esposti F, Trenholm S, Krol J, Franke F, Scherf BG, Kusnyerik A, Müller J, Szabo A, Jüttner J, Cordoba F, Reddy AP, Németh J, Nagy ZZ, Munier F, Hierlemann A, Roska B. Congenital Nystagmus Gene FRMD7 Is Necessary for Establishing a Neuronal Circuit Asymmetry for Direction Selectivity. Neuron 2015; 89:177-93. [PMID: 26711119 PMCID: PMC4712192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal circuit asymmetries are important components of brain circuits, but the molecular pathways leading to their establishment remain unknown. Here we found that the mutation of FRMD7, a gene that is defective in human congenital nystagmus, leads to the selective loss of the horizontal optokinetic reflex in mice, as it does in humans. This is accompanied by the selective loss of horizontal direction selectivity in retinal ganglion cells and the transition from asymmetric to symmetric inhibitory input to horizontal direction-selective ganglion cells. In wild-type retinas, we found FRMD7 specifically expressed in starburst amacrine cells, the interneuron type that provides asymmetric inhibition to direction-selective retinal ganglion cells. This work identifies FRMD7 as a key regulator in establishing a neuronal circuit asymmetry, and it suggests the involvement of a specific inhibitory neuron type in the pathophysiology of a neurological disease. Video Abstract
FRMD7 is required for the horizontal optokinetic reflex in mice as in humans Horizontal direction selectivity is lost in the retina of FRMD7 mutant mice Asymmetry of inhibitory inputs to horizontal DS cells is lost in FRMD7 mutant mice FRMD7 is expressed in ChAT-expressing cells in the retina of mice and primates
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Cordoba F, Wieczorek G, Audet M, Roth L, Schneider MA, Kunkler A, Stuber N, Erard M, Ceci M, Baumgartner R, Apolloni R, Cattini A, Robert G, Ristig D, Munz J, Haeberli L, Grau R, Sickert D, Heusser C, Espie P, Bruns C, Patel D, Rush JS. A novel, blocking, Fc-silent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody prolongs nonhuman primate renal allograft survival in the absence of B cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2825-36. [PMID: 26139432 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD40-CD154 pathway blockade prolongs renal allograft survival in nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, antibodies targeting CD154 were associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. Antibodies targeting CD40 prolong renal allograft survival in NHPs without thromboembolic events but with accompanying B cell depletion, raising the question of the relative contribution of B cell depletion to the efficacy of anti-CD40 blockade. Here, we investigated whether fully silencing Fc effector functions of an anti-CD40 antibody can still promote graft survival. The parent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody HCD122 prolonged allograft survival in MHC-mismatched cynomolgus monkey renal allograft transplantation (52, 22, and 24 days) with accompanying B cell depletion. Fc-silencing yielded CFZ533, an antibody incapable of B cell depletion but still able to potently inhibit CD40 pathway activation. CFZ533 prolonged allograft survival and function up to a defined protocol endpoint of 98-100 days (100, 100, 100, 98, and 76 days) in the absence of B cell depletion and preservation of good histological graft morphology. CFZ533 was well-tolerated, with no evidence of thromboembolic events or CD40 pathway activation and suppressed a gene signature associated with acute rejection. Thus, use of the Fc-silent anti-CD40 antibody CFZ533 appears to be an attractive approach for preventing solid organ transplant rejection.
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Comparative Study |
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Cordoba F, Nimni ME. Chondroitin sulfate and other sulfate containing chondroprotective agents may exhibit their effects by overcoming a deficiency of sulfur amino acids. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 11:228-30. [PMID: 12623294 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-4584(02)00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Serrano A, Cordoba F, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Navas P, Villalba JM. Purification and Characterization of Two Distinct NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases from Onion (Allium cepa L.) Root Plasma Membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:87-96. [PMID: 12232306 PMCID: PMC159502 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified plasma membrane fractions were obtained from onion (Allium cepa L.) roots and used as a source for purification of redox proteins. Plasma membranes solubilized with Triton X-100 contained two distinct polypeptides showing NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenase activities. Dehydrogenase I was purified by gel filtration in Sephacryl S-300 HR, ion-exchange chromatography in DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and dye-ligand affinity chromatography in Blue-Sepharose CL-6B after biospecific elution with NADH. Dehydrogenase I consisted of a single polypeptide of about 27 kD and an isoelectric point of about 6. Dehydrogenase II was purified from the DEAE-unbound fraction by chromatography in Blue-Sepharose CL-6B and affinity elution with NADH. Dehydrogenase II consisted of a single polypeptide of about 31 kD and an isoelectric point of about 8. Purified dehydrogenase I oxidized both NADPH and NADH, although higher rates of electron transfer were obtained with NADPH. Maximal activity was achieved with NADPH as donor and juglone or coenzyme Q as acceptor. Dehydrogenase II was specific for NADH and exhibited maximal activity with ferricyanide. Optimal pH for both dehydrogenases was about 6. Dehydrogenase I was moderately inhibited by dicumarol, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and the thiol reagent N-ethyl-maleimide. A strong inhibition of dehydrogenase II was obtained with dicumarol, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and the thiol reagent p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.
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Cordoba-Pedregosa M, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, Canadillas M, Navas P, Cordoba F. Role of Apoplastic and Cell-Wall Peroxidases on the Stimulation of Root Elongation by Ascorbate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1996; 112:1119-1125. [PMID: 12226436 PMCID: PMC158038 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.3.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elongation of onion (Allium cepa L.) roots was highly stimulated by ascorbate (ASC) and its natural precursor I-galactone-[gamma]-lactone (GL). When incubation media were supplemented with lycorine (Lyc), an inhibitor of the ASC biosynthesis, root growth was negligible even in the presence of ASC or GL. ASC completely inhibited in vitro guaiacol peroxidase activities that were isolated from both the apoplast and the cell wall. However, ferulic-acid-dependent peroxidase from the cell wall was partially inhibited by ASC, whereas ferulic acid peroxidase activity from the apoplastic fluid was completely inhibited by ASC as long as ASC was present in the assay medium. ASC content in cells was increased by preincubations with ASC or GL, whereas Lyc reduced it. On the other hand, ASC or GL treatments decreased both apoplast and cell-wall-bound peroxidase activities, whereas Lyc had a slight stimulating effect. These results are discussed on the basis of a possible control of root elongation by ASC via its action on peroxidases that are involved in the regulation of cell-wall extensibility.
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Theil D, Smith P, Huck C, Gilbart Y, Kakarieka A, Leppert D, Rauld C, Schmid C, Baumgartner R, Stuber N, Cordoba F, Dubost V, Darribat K, Jivkov M, Frieauff W, Kneuer R, Stoeckli M, Reinker S, Mansfield K, Carballido JM, Couttet P, Weckbecker G. Imaging Mass Cytometry and Single-Cell Genomics Reveal Differential Depletion and Repletion of B-Cell Populations Following Ofatumumab Treatment in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1340. [PMID: 31281311 PMCID: PMC6596277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ofatumumab is the first, fully human, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in Phase 3 development for multiple sclerosis (MS). The study focused on changes in lymphocyte subsets in blood and lymphoid tissues and on potential novel biomarkers as a result of anti-CD20 antibody action in Cynomolgus monkeys treated with human equivalent doses of subcutaneous (s.c.) ofatumumab on Days 0, 7, and 14. Axillary lymph nodes (LNs) and blood samples were collected at various time points until Day 90. Lymphocyte subsets were quantified by flow cytometry, while morphological and immune cell changes were assessed by imaging mass cytometry (IMC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and transcriptome analyses using single-cell methodology. Ofatumumab treatment resulted in a potent and rapid reduction of B cells along with a simultaneous drop in CD20+ T cell counts. At Day 21, IHC revealed B-cell depletion in the perifollicular and interfollicular area of axillary LNs, while only the core of the germinal center was depleted of CD20+CD21+ cells. By Day 62, the perifollicular and interfollicular areas were abundantly infiltrated by CD21+ B cells and this distribution returned to the baseline cytoarchitecture by Day 90. By IMC CD20+CD3+CD8+ cells could be identified at the margin of the follicles, with a similar pattern of distribution at Day 21 and 90. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis showed that ofatumumab induced reversible changes in t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) defined B-cell subsets that may serve as biomarkers for drug action. In summary, low dose s.c. ofatumumab potently depletes both B cells and CD20+ T cells but apparently spares marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the spleen and LN. These findings add to our molecular and tissue-architectural understanding of ofatumumab treatment effects on B-cell subsets.
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Cordoba F, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Salhi SL, Huguet MF, Gerfaux J, Rossi JF, Vendrell JP. Spontaneous monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a marker of disease severity in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:549-58. [PMID: 10759713 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) contains a small number of plasma cells related to the bone marrow tumour cells by their cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig), their cell membrane antigen expression and/or their gene rearrangements, but hitherto the monoclonal Ig (M-Ig) production by circulating cells has not been reported. Using a two-colour ELISPOT assay, Ig-secreting cells (Ig-SCs) were detected in the blood of 28 MM and five Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM) patients. The number of cells that spontaneously produced an Ig isotype similar to that of the M-Ig in serum was greater than that of the other Ig-SCs. MM patients presented an excess of circulating heavy-chain (alpha or gamma) Ig-SCs (0.38% of the PBMC) with kappa or lambda light chains (0.48%) compared with the number of cells secreting the other heavy- (0.02%) and light-chain isotypes (0.03%). WM patients also presented high numbers of cells secreting the mu-heavy-chain isotype (0.66%). The Ig synthesized in vitro was characterized as monoclonal, and the M-Ig secretory capacity of the peripheral blood cells was similar to that observed for Ig-SCs from polyclonal activated B cells in vivo. The number of these monoclonal cells was significantly increased in patients in an advanced stage of MM (I/II vs. III, P < 0.001) and correlated with the serum beta-2 microglobulin concentration (r = 0. 69; P < 0.0003). The number of M-Ig-SCs in MM patients could be a useful marker for evaluating the progression of multiple myeloma.
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Cordoba F, Yusta B, Muñoz-Blanco J. Changes in neurotransmitter amino acids and protein in CNS areas of mice subjected to differential housing conditions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1984; 21:349-52. [PMID: 6149564 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(84)80093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid and protein content of mice exposed to enriched, restricted and impoverished environments have been studied in six discrete CNS areas. Differences between enriched and either restricted or impoverished groups were found whereas no difference was observed between restricted and impoverished ones. In the first case, a significant increase for aspartate was found in spinal cord, whereas glutamate significantly decreased in colliculi and cerebral cortex. Similarly, glycine increased in cerebral cortex and decreased in colliculi and pons-medulla, and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) increased in spinal cord, pons-medulla and cerebellum and decreased in thalamus-hypothalamus. No changes in concentrations of five non-transmitter amino acids (serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine) were observed. Significant increases of the protein concentration in cerebellum and spinal cord were found. The changes were due to enrichment, not to aggregation conditions. The results corroborate the proposed plasticity of the aminoacidergic system.
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Muñoz-Blanco J, Yusta B, Cordoba F. Differential distribution of neurotransmitter amino acids from the limbic system of aggressive and non-aggressive bull strains. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986; 25:71-5. [PMID: 2875474 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid content of crude synaptosomal fractions from the limbic system and related CNS regions showed significant differences between the aggressive Spanish fighting-bull and the non-aggressive Friesan bull breeds. Neurotransmitter amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA and glycine) were the most unequally distributed. A higher ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmitter amino acids was always found in all the CNS regions studied in the aggressive breed. The concentrations of five non-transmitter amino acids (threonine, alanine, serine, leucine and isoleucine) showed minor variations between both studied bull strains and cannot be ascribed to differences in central energy metabolism. The results are explained in terms of a possible relationship between the amino acid neurotransmitter levels and the innate aggressiveness of the Spanish fighting-bull.
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Comparative Study |
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Mulsow S, Piovano E, Cordoba F. Recent aquatic ecosystem response to environmental events revealed from 210Pb sediment profiles. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 59:175-181. [PMID: 19560169 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The (210)Pb dating method was first introduced by Goldberg (1963), and since then has been applied to study sediment from lakes, estuaries and coastal marine environments. Hundreds of studies around the world have used (210)Pb as a geochronological tool in aquatic ecosystems. However little attention has been paid to the potential of this naturally occurring isotope as an environmental tracer of ecological events. Here we report three instances in which (210)Pb profiles measured on undisturbed sediment cores from lakes, rivers and fjords show us the potential of (210)Pb profile as a tracer of natural and anthropogenic processes. The methodology used here is a suite of techniques combining biogeochemistry (micro-electrodes), paleomagnetism (susceptibility), sediment characteristics (LOI) and visualization (SPI and X-ray) applied to the interpretation of (210)Pb profiles. We measured (210)Pb profiles on sediments from a river, Cruces River (Chile), which recorded a clear shift in the water chemistry caused by a pulp mill effluent to the river. Here metal mobilization and remobilization of the tracer may be the cause of the observed profile. We also measured (210)Pb profiles in sediment from two fjords of Southern Chile (Pillan and Reñihue), the sudden deposition change of fresh (210)Pb with depth observed could very well be the result of bioturbation but it occurred in a seafloor area deprived of bioturbators. In this case, (210)Pb recorded the onset of aquaculture activities (fish farming) that took place two decades ago. Finally, (210)Pb profiles measured in two lakes in the "pampa Argentina": Epecuen and Venado showed a particular shape with depth. These profiles apparently registered a sudden depositional event with recent (210)Pb material, probably related to strong shifts in precipitation and drought cycles in that part of the world. These three examples show that (210)Pb profiles provide valuable information not only on geochronology, but also related to natural and anthropogenic short term processes, as shown here, but these are not always reported and well understood.
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Calderon RA, Cordoba F. Isolation of antibodies specific for the carbohydrate binding site of concanavalin A. FEBS Lett 1979; 102:100-2. [PMID: 88373 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Alonso de Florida F, Cordoba F. The anaphylactic relaxation of the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1965; 158:24-9. [PMID: 5854051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Canalejo A, Diaz-de-Alba M, Granado-Castro MD, Cordoba F, Espada-Bellido E, Galindo-Riaño MD, Torronteras R. Early genotoxic response and accumulation induced by waterborne copper, lead, and arsenic in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3256-3266. [PMID: 26490895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Academic Contribution Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu, Pb, and As, which are among the most abundant metals in the aquatic environment, are also among the most health-threatened by causing diverse cellular injuries. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the potential early induction of genotoxic effects after waterborne Cu, Pb, and As exposure in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, a commercial widely cultured fish, using the micronucleus (MN) assay in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Fish were exposed under laboratory conditions to nominal solutions ranging 0-10 mg/L for 24 and 96 h. Furthermore, actual metal ion concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in water and four fish tissues differentially related to environmental exposition and metal accumulation, i.e. the gills, liver, muscle, and brain. Dose-dependent increases of micronuclei (MNi) frequency were observed after these very short exposures; based on measured metal concentrations in water, the genotoxic effect ordered as Cu > As > Pb. Significant genotoxic effect at 0.009 mg/L Cu, 0.57 mg/L Pb, and 0.01 mg/L As was seen. For Cu and Pb these are only slightly higher, but for As it is notably lower than the USEPA criteria of maximum concentration to prevent acute toxicity in aquatic organisms. Furthermore, genotoxicity was differentially related to metal accumulation. MNi frequency correlated positively with the content of Pb in all the organs, with the content of As in liver and gills and only with the content of Cu in the brain. In conclusion, our findings raised environmental concerns because these depicted a genotoxic potential of Cu, Pb, and As after a very short exposure to low but environmentally relevant concentrations, too close to regulatory thresholds. In addition, the MN test in D. labrax could be considered an early biomarker of genotoxicity induced by these metals in fish.
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