QUALIDADE DAS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES E PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS DURANTE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

Objetivo: Testar a relação entre a qualidade das relações familiares e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos, em tempos da pandemia do covid-19. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de natureza quantitativa com corte transversal, realizado em um Centro de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos aos Idosos, de uma cidade do interior do Maranhão, realizado entre agosto a outubro de 2021. A coleta de dados ocorreu com aplicação de: questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Escala de APGAR familiar, para, respectivamente, identificar o perfil, prevalência de sintomas depressivos e a qualidade das relações familiares dos idosos. Para correlação entre duas variáveis numéricas foi utilizado o coeficiente de Pearson, adotando um índice de confiabilidade de 95% e um p 0,005. O estudo aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos sob parecer nº 4.002.145.  Resultados: A amostra contou com 52 idosos, com idade média de 71,6 anos, com prevalência do sexo feminino (75%). A Escala de Depressão Geriátrica identificou (37%) idosos com sintomas depressivos. Em relação ao APGAR familiar, (78.8%) dos idosos consideraram suas famílias com boa funcionalidade. Houve correlação significativa negativa de grau moderado (r= -0,5686; p<0,0001), entre os resultados obtidos do APGAR familiar e da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Conclusão: Idosos que possuem uma boa funcionalidade familiar, têm menos chances de ter depressão. Assim, faz-se necessária novas pesquisas que correlacionem a funcionalidade familiar com a prevalência da depressão.

Profile, attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists in the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain

Abstract Introduction: About 84% of the population have had some low back symptom during their lifetime; where 23% of cases become chronic pain. It is observed that in around 85% of cases of chronic low back pain, there is no specific cause or diagnosis, where it is referred to as chronic nonspecific low back pain. Given its disabling potential, the comprehensive assessment, attitudes and beliefs of the physiotherapist in clinical management become essential to the prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic/socioeducational and work profile and the attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists in the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. For data collection, two questionnaires were used, one referring to the sociodemographic/socioeducational profile information and the other referring to attitudes and beliefs determined by the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Data were analyzed using the BioEstat 5.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Results: Fifty-seven physical therapists were analyzed, where most were women (61.4%), had specialization (56.2%), worked in private clinics (63.2%) and used specific methods in the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain (84.2%). Biomedical belief was predominant (70.2%) and showed a significant relationship with age (p = 0.0006). Conclusion: The biomedical model is still predominantly used, which is related to the age of the professionals surveyed.

Características físico-químicas de um sérum desenvolvido à base do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) para pele idosa

O envelhecimento é um processo natural, e irreversível, com o aumento da população idosa cresce a busca por cosméticos para retardar os sinais da idade e manter a pele saudável. O óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) é um fruto nativo do Brasil, rico em betacaroteno e ácidos graxos, que ajudam a regenerar e nutrir a pele. O objetivo deste estudo foi de apresentar as características físico-químicas de um sérum desenvolvido à base do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) para pele idosa. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo de caráter experimental e cunho biotecnológico, onde inicialmente realizou-se a manipulação do sérum contendo óleo de buriti (Maurita flexuosa), após finalizada foram realizados os testes físico-químicos (pH, densidade, viscosidade e espalhabilidade) e testes de estabilidade preliminar da formulação. Os resultados dos testes foram positivos, foi observado uma densidade de 1.013 g/cm3, com o pH 6.1, estando de acordo com o fisiológico que é de 4.6 e varia até 6.5. A determinação da viscosidade apresentou-se conforme padrão, o resultado da média de   espalhabilidade foi de 2.6088cm. Conclui-se que o sérum apresenta propriedades físico-químicas favoráveis ao uso, apresentando-se estável em temperatura ambiente sendo esta ideal para a conservação das suas propriedades microscópicas, no entanto, em temperaturas a partir de 60º C o sérum apresentou alterações em sua cor original, podendo então ser feito análises microbiológicas posteriores para saber se foi afetado o tempo de conservação do produto.

Nursing outcome "airway permeability" in postoperative patients

OBJECTIVES

to evaluate the evolution of clinical indicators that characterize airway permeability in patients in the postoperative period of thoracoabdominal surgeries and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of the diagnosis "ineffective airway clearance".

METHODS

descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal research with 60 patients who were followed for five consecutive days. Eleven indicators of the nursing outcome "respiratory status: airway permeability" were used.

RESULTS

on the first day of evaluation, the most compromised indicators were: respiratory rate, cough, depth of breath and use of accessory muscles. During follow-up, most of the indicators presented a slight deviation from normal variation and, in the last evaluation, there was a predominance of indicators with some degree of impairment.

CONCLUSIONS

with the aid of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, it was observed that patients submitted to thoracoabdominal surgeries may present compromised airway permeability even days after surgery.

Effects of electroacupuncture frequencies on chronic low back pain in older adults: triple-blind, 12-months protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Low back pain (LBP) is the most frequent complaint in clinical practice. Electroacupuncture treatment may be effective; however, the supporting evidence is still limited, especially in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The current study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in older adults with LBP.

METHODS

A five-arm randomized controlled trial with patients and evaluators blinded to the group allocation. A total of 125 participants with non-specific LBP will be randomly assigned into one of five groups: three electroacupuncture groups (low, high, and alternating frequency); one control group; and one placebo group. The electroacupuncture will be applied twice a week (30 min per session) for five weeks. The primary clinical outcome measure will be pain intensity. The secondary outcomes include: quality of pain; physical functioning; perceived overall effect; emotional functionality; patient satisfaction; and psychosocial factors. Patients will be evaluated before the first session, immediately after the last, and followed up after six and 12 months to check the medium- and long-term effects.

DISCUSSION

Although electroacupuncture is increasingly used to treat LBP, there is no guidance regarding the parameters used, which leads to inconsistent results. Thus, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on LBP remains controversial and requires more studies, especially in the older adult population.

CONCLUSION

This is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of different frequencies of electroacupuncture for treating chronic LBP in older adults. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of electroacupuncture as an alternative treatment method for LBP and will entail wider debate about an appropriate acupuncture intervention in this population.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03802045. Registered on 14 January 2019.

Workers’ experiences with nonspecific low back pain: a qualitative study

A dor lombar não específica é uma condição apresenta impactos negativos no âmbito econômica e social, pois está diretamente relacionada aos fatores laborais. O objetivo deste estudo foi de analisar as experiências dos trabalhadores com dor lombar não específica. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa; com sete trabalhadores com dor lombar não específica, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Após a análise dos dados, foram encontradas duas categorias de análise: Desconforto nas atividades da vida diária é desconforto no trabalho é relação da dor lombar não específica com a capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida no trabalho. A dor lombar reflete em muitos contextos da vida dos funcionários, não apenas suas funções no trabalho, mas também outras situações da vida cotidiana.

Repercusiones de la espiritualidad en la vida de las mujeres que viven con el VIH

Introducción: La espiritualidad en pacientes que viven con el VIH ayuda a afrontar los pensamientos negativos provocados por la enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el impacto de la espiritualidad en la vida de las mujeres que viven con el VIH. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación cualitativa sobre historias de vida temáticas. La muestra está compuesta por siete mujeres que fueron diagnosticadas con VIH/SIDA hace más de un año. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas sobre el contexto social, situación sociodemográfica y clínica, religión y espiritualidad. Para el análisis de datos se empleó la técnica de análisis de contenidos. Los resultados se organizaron en dos categorías: la búsqueda de la fuerza en la espiritualidad y la esperanza de curación. Resultados: En momentos de angustia causados por el VIH/SIDA, todas las entrevistadas recurrieron a la espiritualidad a través de la oración e incluso a la materialización de la presencia de Dios como estrategias para afrontar la enfermedad. El anhelo de sanación mediante revelaciones divinas se expresa en los discursos de los entrevistados. Discusión: Según las historias de vida de las entrevistadas, la figura divina las ha fortalecido para hacer frente a los retos generados por el VIH/SIDA. Conclusiones: A través de esta investigación se pudo comprobar que la espiritualidad está presente en las vidas de las mujeres que viven con el VIH y que mitiga las adversidades producidas por la enfermedad. Cómo citar este artículo: Santos FDRP, Amaral LROG, Santos MA, Ferreira AGN, Moura JF, Brito LB. Repercussions of spirituality in the lives of women living with HIV. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e771. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.711

Associations between respiratory nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions in patients submitted to thoracic or upper abdominal surgery

OBJECTIVE

To determine associations between respiratory nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions in patients submitted to thoracic or upper abdominal surgery.

METHOD

Cross sectional quantitative study. Participants were 312 adult patients within the first 48 hours after thoracic or upper abdominal surgery. Patients were examined by the research team using an instrument with variables related to the respiratory function. The research team established the presence/absence of three nursing diagnoses and proposed interventions using the NANDA-I classification and the Nursing Interventions Classification. Correlations were tested using the chi-square or Fisher's test.

RESULTS

From the total 312 examinations, ineffective airway clearance was present in 185 (59.3%) assessments, ineffective breathing pattern in 123 (39.4%), and impaired gas exchange in 141 (45.4%). Significant correlations showed that patients with ineffective airway clearance were more likely to require pain management (or: 2.27), chest physiotherapy (or: 2.96), and positioning (or:1.8), while patients with impaired gas exchange were less likely to require airway management (or: 0.13) and chest physiotherapy (or: 0.28).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with ineffective airway clearance had more chances of requiring pain management, chest physiotherapy, and positioning, while the nursing diagnosis impaired gas exchange was related with airway management and chest physiotherapy. The findings provide basis for nurses to develop effective care plans and to minimize postoperative respiratory complications.

Respiratory status of adult patients in the postoperative period of thoracic or upper abdominal surgeries

Objective:

to evaluate the respiratory status of postoperative adult patients by assessing the nursing outcome Respiratory Status.

Method:

descriptive, cross-sectional study developed with 312 patients. Eighteen NOC indicators were assessed and rated using a Likert-scale questionnaire and definitions. Descriptive and correlative analysis were conducted.

Results:

the most compromised clinical indicators were coughing (65.5%), auscultated breath sounds (55%), and respiratory rate (51.3%). Factors associated with worse NOC ratings in specific clinical indicators were sex, age, pain, and general anesthesia.

Conclusions:

certain clinical indicators of respiratory status were more compromised than others in postoperative patients. Patient and context-related variables can affect the level of respiratory compromise.

Sociodemographic profile and quality of life of active older adults belonging to a physical exercise program and sedentary elderly, linked to a basic health unit

Objective: To identify the sociodemographic profile and to compare the quality of life of elderly people who practice physical exercises in a group with sedentary elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, composed of two groups: Group I consisted of 50 elderly people practicing physical exercise in a group; and Group II composed of 50 sedentary elderlies. Data were collected through two questionnaires; one questionnaire focused on the sociodemographic data survey and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the BioEstat 5.0 program using the Z-Test. Results: Group I had better scores in the domains, limitations due to physical aspects and general health, in the other domains, group II had better scores. Factor that can be attributed to the modality of the physical exercise performed by group I that was in the group I and by the form of the allocation of the sample. Conclusion: The women were mostly in group I, and both groups were comprised of seniors over 61 years old, widowers and retirees. Statistically, only the general state of health showed a significant difference between the two groups.

Ineffective airway clearance in adult patients after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery

AIM

The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in patients after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND

Although numerous studies have described the most prevalent respiratory NANDA-I diagnoses, only few investigates the precision of nursing assessments.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 192 patients in a surgical clinic. Accuracy measures were obtained by the latent class analysis method.

RESULTS

IAC was present in 46.73% of the sample. The defining characteristics with better predictive capacity were changes in respiratory rate and changes in respiratory rhythm. However, other defining characteristics also had high specificity, such as restlessness, cyanosis, excessive sputum, wide-eyed, orthopnea, adventitious breathing sounds, ineffective cough, and difficulty vocalizing.

CONCLUSION

Results can contribute to the improvement of nursing assessments by providing information about the key clinical indicators of IAC.