1
|
Chanut FJA, Sanvito F, Ferrari G, Visigalli I, Carriglio N, Hernandez RJ, Norata R, Doglioni C, Naldini L, Cristofori P. Conditioning Regimens in Long-Term Pre-Clinical Studies to Support Development of Ex Vivo Gene Therapy: Review of Nonproliferative and Proliferative Changes. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:66-76. [PMID: 32883113 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy has become a successful therapeutic strategy for some inherited genetic disorders. Pre-clinical toxicity studies performed to support the human clinical trials using viral-mediated gene transfer and autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation are complex and the use of mouse models of human diseases makes interpretation of the results challenging. In addition, they rely on the use of conditioning agents that must induce enough myeloablation to allow engraftment of transduced and transplanted HSPC. Busulfan and total body irradiation (TBI) are the most commonly used conditioning regimens in the mouse. Lenticular degeneration and atrophy of reproductive organs are expected histopathological changes. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions can be observed with different incidence and distribution across strains and mouse models of diseases. The occurrence of these lesions can interfere with the interpretation of pre-clinical toxicity and tumorigenicity studies performed to support the human clinical studies. As such, it is important to be aware of the background incidence of lesions induced by different conditioning regimens. We review the histopathology results from seven long-term studies, five using TBI and two using busulfan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck J A Chanut
- Formerly GSK David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, United Kingdom, Currently SANOFI, Alfortville, France
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Ilaria Visigalli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Carriglio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raisa Jofra Hernandez
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Norata
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Cristofori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,GSK David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chanut FJA, Williams AM. The Syrian Golden Hamster Estrous Cycle: Unique Characteristics, Visual Guide to Staging, and Comparison with the Rat. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 44:43-50. [PMID: 26516162 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315607668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, is a suitable rodent species for standard regulatory toxicity studies. However, little is published about the female Syrian hamster reproductive system. It has unique anatomic features that differ from the other rodent species. In the hamster, the upper cervix is composed of 2 canals and the vagina shows 2 lateral pouches where keratin debris accumulates. These pouches must be distinguished from the vagina in order to stage the estrous cycle properly. The microscopic changes occurring during all the estrous cycle stages show some differences with the other rodents, the lower cervix and upper vagina presenting the more dramatic changes. The aim of this work was to produce a practical guide to staging the cycle and to highlight some of the differences between the rat and hamster reproductive system.
Collapse
|