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Petrisor G, Motelica L, Ficai D, Trusca RD, Surdu VA, Voicu G, Oprea OC, Ficai A, Andronescu E. New Mesoporous Silica Materials Loaded with Polyphenols: Caffeic Acid, Ferulic Acid and p-Coumaric Acid as Dietary Supplements for Oral Administration. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15227982. [PMID: 36431468 PMCID: PMC9696098 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two types of mesoporous silica with different pore structures and volumes were synthesized by the soft-templating method. The two types of mesoporous silica, type MCM-41 and MCM-48, were loaded with three polyphenols-caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid-in the same ratio of mesoporous silica:polyphenol (1:0.4 w/w). The materials obtained were characterized from a morphological and structural point of view through different analysis techniques. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD), the crystallization plane and the ordered structure of the mesoporous silica were observed. The difference between the two types of materials containing MCM-41 and MCM-48 was observed through the different morphologies of the silica particles through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also through the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis, that the surface areas and volumes of pores was different between the two types of mesoporous silica, and, after loading with polyphenols, the values were reduced. The characteristic bands of silica and of polyphenols were easily observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and, through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the residual mass was determined and the estimated amount of polyphenol in the materials and the efficient loading of mesoporous silica with polyphenols could be determined. The in vitro study was performed in two types of simulated biological fluids with different pH-simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The obtained materials could be used in various biomedical applications as systems with controlled release of natural polyphenols and the most suitable application could be as food supplements especially when a mixture of such materials is used or when the polyphenols are co-loaded within the mesoporous silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Petrisor
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ludmila Motelica
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Roxana Doina Trusca
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile-Adrian Surdu
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Voicu
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Petrisor G, Ficai D, Motelica L, Trusca RD, Bîrcă AC, Vasile BS, Voicu G, Oprea OC, Semenescu A, Ficai A, Popitiu MI, Fierascu I, Fierascu RC, Radu EL, Matei L, Dragu LD, Pitica IM, Economescu M, Bleotu C. Mesoporous Silica Materials Loaded with Gallic Acid with Antimicrobial Potential. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12101648. [PMID: 35630870 PMCID: PMC9147919 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to develop two types of support materials with a mesoporous structure of mobile crystalline matter (known in the literature as MCM, namely MCM-41 and MCM-48) and to load them with gallic acid. Soft templating methodology was chosen for the preparation of the mesoporous structures—the cylindrical micelles with certain structural characteristics being formed due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic intermolecular forces which occur between the molecules of the surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide—CTAB) when a minimal micellar ionic concentration is reached. These mesoporous supports were loaded with gallic acid using three different types of MCM—gallic acid ratios (1:0.41; 1:0.82 and 1:1.21)—and their characterizations by FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET and drug release were performed. It is worth mentioning that the loading was carried out using a vacuum-assisted methodology: the mesoporous materials are firstly kept under vacuum at ~0.1 barr for 30 min followed by the addition of the polyphenol solutions. The concentration of the solutions was adapted such that the final volume covered the wet mesoporous support and—in this case—upon reaching normal atmospheric pressure, the solution was pushed inside the pores, and thus the polyphenols were mainly loaded inside the pores. Based on the SBET data, it can be seen that the specific surface area decreased considerably with the increasing ratio of gallic acid; the specific surface area decreased 3.07 and 4.25 times for MCM-41 and MCM-48, respectively. The sample with the highest polyphenol content was further evaluated from a biological point of view, alone or in association with amoxicillin administration. As expected, the MCM-41 and MCM-48 were not protective against infections—but, due to the loading of the gallic acid, a potentiated inhibition was recorded for the tested gram-negative bacterial strains. Moreover, it is important to mention that these systems can be efficient solutions for the recovery of the gut microbiota after exposure to antibiotics, for instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Petrisor
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ludmila Motelica
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Doina Trusca
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Voicu
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Augustin Semenescu
- Department Engineering and Management for Transports, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (L.M.); (R.D.T.); (A.C.B.); (B.S.V.); (G.V.); (A.F.)
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ionut Popitiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Piata Eftimie Murgu, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.C.F.)
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.F.); (R.C.F.)
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Lacramioara Radu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Lilia Matei
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Denisa Dragu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Ioana Madalina Pitica
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Mihaela Economescu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (E.L.R.); (L.M.); (L.D.D.); (I.M.P.); (M.E.); (C.B.)
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