Perfil de felinos positivos para FIV e/ou FeLV em um hospital veterinário na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

Este estudo tem como objetivo classificar o perfil clínico dos felinos acometidos pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV) e/ou pelo Vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV) no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM) e salientar a importância dos testes para FIV e FeLV, pela influência na clínica e prognóstico dos pacientes. Para isso, foram revisados os históricos clínicos dos animais atendidos no HVU-UFSM no período de janeiro de 2017 a maio de 2019, por meio dos prontuários dos pacientes. Neste período, 325 animais foram testados para a presença dos vírus. Os pacientes positivos foram classificados conforme raça, gênero, idade, integridade sexual, separados de acordo com os sistemas envolvidos: digestório, neuromuscular, multissistêmico, hematopoiético, respiratório, linfático, oftálmico, urinário e tegumentar; sinais clínicos e a presença de doenças concomitantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi classificar o perfil clínico dos animais positivos de acordo com as categorias listadas acima, associando com os sistemas acometidos e os sinais clínicos apresentados. A prevalência das doenças foi de 4,3% (14/325) para animais somente FIV, 16,0% (52/325) para FeLV e 4,9% (16/325) para ambos. Todos os vírus apresentam maior prevalência em animais sem raça definida (SRD) e machos, apenas FeLV não apresenta uma diferença marcante entre o gênero. O vírus da FIV acometeu mais animais adultos (1-9 anos de idade), enquanto a FeLV afetou mais adultos jovens (1-4 anos de idade), sendo que ambos os vírus acometeram mais animais adultos (1-9 anos de idade). Conclui-se que todos os perfis clínicos foram liderados pelo sistema digestório, com prevalência dos sinais de anorexia, diarreia, polidipsia e apatia para o vírus da FIV, vômito e apatia para FeLV e animais FIV e FeLV positivos.

Heat stress modulates polymorphonuclear cell response in early pregnancy cows: I. interferon pathway and oxidative stress

One of the major causes of early pregnancy loss is heat stress. In ruminants, interferon tau (IFNT) is the embryo signal to the mother. Once the interferon signaling pathway is activated, it drives gene expression for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and alters neutrophils responses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate interferon (IFN) pathway, ISGs and gene expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and oxidative stress in dairy cows under heat stress. Pregnant cows had their estrous cycle synchronized and randomly assigned to a comfort or heat stress group. Blood samples were collected at artificial insemination (AI) and on Days 10, 14 and 18 following AI. Pregnant cows were pregnancy checked by ultrasound on Day 30 and confirmed on Day 60 post-AI. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. The corpus luteum (CL) diameter was not different between groups of pregnant cows; concentration of progesterone of pregnant cows on Day 18 following AI was greater in comfort group compared to heat stressed group. Comfort pregnant cows had higher expression of all analyzed genes from interferon pathway, except for IFNAR1, on both Days 14 and 18. Conversely, heat stressed cows did not show altered expression of IFNT pathway genes and ISGs between Days 10, 14, and 18 after AI. The oxidative stress, determined as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, was greater in heat stress group on Days 10, 14 and 18, independent of pregnancy status. Heat stress negatively influences expression of ISGs, IFN pathway gene expression in neutrophils, and oxidative stress. Our data suggest that lower conception rates in cows under heat stress are multifactorial, with the association of interferon pathway activation and the unbalanced oxidative stress being main contributing factors.

Trabecular Bone is Increased in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in an intricate disorder characterized by reproductive and metabolic abnormalities that may affect bone quality and strength along with the lifespan. The present study analysed the impact of postnatal androgenization (of a single dose of testosterone propionate 1.25 mg subcutaneously at day 5 of life) on bone development and markers of bone metabolism in adult female Wistar rats. Compared with healthy controls, the results of measurements of micro-computed tomography (microCT) of the distal femur of androgenized rats indicated an increased cortical bone volume voxel bone volume to total volume (VOX BV/TV) and higher trabecular number (Tb.n) with reduced trabecular separation (Tb.sp). A large magnitude effect size was observed in the levels of circulating bone formation Procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) at day 60 of life; reabsorption cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) markers were similar between the androgenized and control rats at days 60 and 110 of life. The analysis of gene expression in bone indicated elements for an increased bone mass such as the reduction of the Dickkopf-1 factor (Dkk1) a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation (bone formation) and the reduction of Interleukin 1-b (Il1b), an activator of osteoclast differentiation (bone reabsorption). Results from this study highlight the possible role of the developmental programming on bone microarchitecture with reference to young women with PCOS.