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Mouradian G, Rohde N, Hodges M. Neonatal ventilatory changes in the control of breathing in a hyperoxia‐induced mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Osmani WA, Duffy E, Manis A, Rohde N, Mouradian G, Forster H, Staruschenko A, Hodges MR. Single Nuclear RNA Sequencing Reveals Activation of Neuroinflammation Within the Pre‐Bötzinger Complex Following Repeated Seizures. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Osmani W, Duffy E, Manis A, Mouradian G, Forster H, Staruschenko A, Hodges M. Single Nuclear RNA Sequencing Reveals Activation of Neuroinflammation Within the Pre‐Bötzinger Complex Following Repeated Seizures. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mouradian G, Duffy E, Liu P, Gomez‐Vargas J, Hodges M. Patch‐to‐Seq Reveals Unique Transcriptomic Profiles of Chemosensitive Serotonergic Neurons. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Osmani W, Duffy E, Manis A, Kasmani M, Khatun A, Mouradian G, Forster H, Hodges M. Single Nuclear Transcriptomes of Raphe Cell Types May be Altered with Repeated Seizures. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zheng Z, Chen E, Lu W, Mouradian G, Hodges M, Liang M, Liu P, Lu Y. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:767-783. [PMID: 32163201 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing measures the sequence information from individual cells using optimized single-cell isolation protocols and next-generation sequencing technologies. Recent advancement in single-cell sequencing has transformed biomedical research, providing insights into diverse biological processes such as mammalian development, immune system function, cellular diversity and heterogeneity, and disease pathogenesis. In this article, we introduce and describe popular commercial platforms for single-cell RNA sequencing, general workflow for data analysis, repositories and databases, and applications for these approaches in biomedical research. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:767-783, 2020.
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Hu CJ, Poth JM, Zhang H, Flockton A, Laux A, Kumar S, McKeon B, Mouradian G, Li M, Riddle S, Pugliese SC, Brown RD, Wallace EM, Graham BB, Frid MG, Stenmark KR. Suppression of HIF2 signalling attenuates the initiation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00378-2019. [PMID: 31515405 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00378-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Most published studies addressing the role of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development employ models that may not recapitulate the clinical setting, including the use of animals with pre-existing lung/vascular defects secondary to embryonic HIF ablation or activation. Furthermore, critical questions including how and when HIF signalling contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension remain unanswered.Normal adult rodents in which global HIF1 or HIF2 was inhibited by inducible gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition (antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small molecule inhibitors) were exposed to short-term (4 days) or chronic (4-5 weeks) hypoxia. Haemodynamic studies were performed, the animals euthanised, and lungs and hearts obtained for pathological and transcriptomic analysis. Cell-type-specific HIF signals for pulmonary hypertension initiation were determined in normal pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and in mice (using cell-type-specific HIF deletion).Global Hif1a deletion in mice did not prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension at 5 weeks. Mice with global Hif2a deletion did not survive long-term hypoxia. Partial Hif2a deletion or Hif2-ASO (but not Hif1-ASO) reduced vessel muscularisation, increases in pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice exposed to 4-5 weeks of hypoxia. A small molecule HIF2 inhibitor (PT2567) significantly attenuated early events (monocyte recruitment and vascular cell proliferation) in rats exposed to 4 days of hypoxia, as well as vessel muscularisation, tenascin C accumulation and pulmonary hypertension development in rats exposed to 5 weeks of hypoxia. In vitro, HIF2 induced a distinct set of genes in normal human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, mediating inflammation and proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Endothelial Hif2a knockout prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.Inhibition of HIF2 (but not HIF1) can provide a therapeutic approach to prevent the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of HIFs in pulmonary hypertension progression and reversal.
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Mu L, Xia DD, Michalkiewicz T, Hodges M, Mouradian G, Konduri GG, Wong-Riley MTT. Effects of neonatal hyperoxia on the critical period of postnatal development of neurochemical expressions in brain stem respiratory-related nuclei in the rat. Physiol Rep 2019. [PMID: 29516654 PMCID: PMC5842315 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a critical period of respiratory development in rats at postnatal days P12‐13, when inhibitory influence dominates and when the response to hypoxia is at its weakest. This critical period has significant implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), the cause of which remains elusive. One of the known risk factors for SIDS is prematurity. A common intervention used in premature infants is hyperoxic therapy, which, if prolonged, can alter the ventilatory response to hypoxia and induce sustained inhibition of lung alveolar growth and pulmonary remodeling. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that neonatal hyperoxia from postnatal day (P) 0 to P10 in rat pups perturbs the critical period by altering the normal progression of neurochemical development in brain stem respiratory‐related nuclei. An in‐depth, semiquantitative immunohistochemical study was undertaken at P10 (immediately after hyperoxia and before the critical period), P12 (during the critical period), P14 (immediately after the critical period), and P17 (a week after the cessation of hyperoxia). In agreement with our previous findings, levels of cytochrome oxidase, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB (BDNF receptor), and several serotonergic proteins (5‐HT1A and 2A receptors, 5‐HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase [TPH], and serotonin transporter [SERT]) all fell in several brain stem respiratory‐related nuclei during the critical period (P12) in control animals. However, in hyperoxic animals, these neurochemicals exhibited a significant fall at P14 instead. Thus, neonatal hyperoxia delayed but did not eliminate the critical period of postnatal development in multiple brain stem respiratory‐related nuclei, with little effect on the nonrespiratory cuneate nucleus.
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Garcia AM, Allawzi A, Tatman P, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Swain K, Mouradian G, Bowler R, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov CC, Nozik-Grayck E. R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against bleomycin-induced inflammation and attenuates induction of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:807-816. [PMID: 30004839 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00053.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. A known human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of EC-SOD characterized by an arginine-to-glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G) redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We previously reported that knock-in mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibited enhanced resolution of inflammation with subsequent protection against fibrosis following bleomycin treatment compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Herein we set out to determine the underlying pathways with RNA-Seq analysis of WT and R213G lungs 7 days post-PBS and bleomycin. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered significant differential gene expression changes induced in WT and R213G strains in response to bleomycin. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to predict differentially regulated up- and downstream processes based on transcriptional changes. Most prominent was the induction of inflammatory and immune responses in WT mice, which were suppressed in the R213G mice. Specifically, PKC signaling in T lymphocytes, IL-6, and NFΚB signaling were opposed in WT mice when compared with R213G. Several upstream regulators such as IFNγ, IRF3, and IKBKG were implicated in the divergent responses between WT and R213G mice. Our data suggest that the redistributed EC-SOD due to the R213G SNP attenuates the dysregulated inflammatory responses observed in WT mice. We speculate that redistributed EC-SOD protects against dysregulated alveolar inflammation via reprogramming of recruited immune cells toward a proresolving state.
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Dillard ML, Mouradian G, Hodges MR. Effects on Breathing and the CO2 Chemoreflex of 5‐HT and NK‐1 Receptor Antagonists in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus (RTN). FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.894.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mouradian G, Forster H, Hodges M. RNA sequencing to profile transcriptional changes within the medullary raphe: potential mechanisms of central neuroplasticity driving the recovery of eupneic ventilation after bilateral carotid body denervation (713.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.713.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hodges M, Novotny T, Echert A, Puissant M, Mouradian G. The thyrotropin‐releasing hormone analog Taltirelin augments the hypercapnic ventilatory response in CO
2
‐insensitive Brown Norway but not Sprague Dawley rats (1092.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1092.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Muere C, Miller J, Neumueller S, Olesiak S, Mouradian G, Martino P, Pan L, Hodges M, Forster H. Microdialysis of a NK1R antagonist into the ventral medulla does not affect breathing frequency. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1214.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Muere C, Miller J, Neumueller S, Mouradian G, Pan L, Hodges M, Forster H. Effects on ventilation (V
E
) and neuromodulator concentration of cholinergic receptor blockade at the pre‐Bötzinger Complex (preBötC). FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1088.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller JR, Muere C, Mouradian G, Neumueller S, Hodges MR, Pan LG, Forster HV. Effect of Carotid Body Denervation (CBD) on Breathing and Central Neuromodulation. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1088.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hodges MR, Mouradian G, Miller J, Muere C, Forster HV. Altered brainstem neuromodulators relevant to central chemoreceptor function in Brown Norway (BN) rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.894.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller J, Neumueller S, Marshall B, Baogang Q, Mouradian G, Hodges M, Pan L, Forster H. Hypoventilation in awake goats following unilateral lesions in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) targeted by surface cooling‐induced apnea. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.799.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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