1
|
Polak D, Elbe-Bürger A, Kitzmüller C, Zlabinger GJ, Bohle B. Human neutrophils require short exposure to cytokines and allergen to become functional antigen-presenting cells. Allergy 2023; 78:291-293. [PMID: 35912416 PMCID: PMC10087710 DOI: 10.1111/all.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Polak
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayer KA, Smole U, Zhu C, Derdak S, Minervina AA, Salnikova M, Witzeneder N, Christamentl A, Boucheron N, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Trauner M, Hoermann G, Schmetterer KG, Mamedov IZ, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Pickl WF, Gualdoni GA, Zlabinger GJ. The energy sensor AMPK orchestrates metabolic and translational adaptation in expanding T helper cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21217. [PMID: 33715236 PMCID: PMC8252394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001763rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cellular metabolic adaptation in inducing robust T cell responses is well established. However, the mechanism by which T cells link information regarding nutrient supply to clonal expansion and effector function is still enigmatic. Herein, we report that the metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical link between cellular energy demand and translational activity and, thus, orchestrates optimal expansion of T cells in vivo. AMPK deficiency did not affect T cell fate decision, activation, or T effector cell generation; however, the magnitude of T cell responses in murine in vivo models of T cell activation was markedly reduced. This impairment was global, as all T helper cell subsets were similarly sensitive to loss of AMPK which resulted in reduced T cell accumulation in peripheral organs and reduced disease severity in pathophysiologically as diverse models as T cell transfer colitis and allergic airway inflammation. T cell receptor repertoire analysis confirmed similar clonotype frequencies in different lymphoid organs, thereby supporting the concept of a quantitative impairment in clonal expansion rather than a skewed qualitative immune response. In line with these findings, in-depth metabolic analysis revealed a decrease in T cell oxidative metabolism, and gene set enrichment analysis indicated a major reduction in ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation in AMPK-deficient T cells. We, thus, provide evidence that through its interference with these delicate processes, AMPK orchestrates the quantitative, but not the qualitative, manifestation of primary T cell responses in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ci Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia A Minervina
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Salnikova
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Christamentl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilban
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jordakieva G, Bianchini R, Reichhold D, Piehslinger J, Groschopf A, Jensen SA, Mearini E, Nocentini G, Crevenna R, Zlabinger GJ, Karagiannis SN, Klaus A, Jensen-Jarolim E. IgG4 induces tolerogenic M2-like macrophages and correlates with disease progression in colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1880687. [PMID: 33628623 PMCID: PMC7889146 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1880687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4 subclass antibodies are expressed in alternative Th2 environments featuring high IL-10 expression, including several solid tumors such as melanoma. To induce tolerance, allergen immunotherapy mediates antibody class switching from pro-inflammatory IgE to anti-inflammatory IgG4. We previously reported that IgG4 drives allergic M2 macrophages toward tolerogenic states. Here we assessed the roles of IgG4 and macrophage activation in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this observer-blinded, case-control study, we analyzed total circulating serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 levels in CRC (n = 38) patients with (n = 13, TxNxM1) or without (n = 25, TxNxM0) metastasis, and in healthy donors (n = 21). Primary cultures of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy controls and CRC patients were further evaluated in their responses to stimulation with IgG1 or IgG4. We found higher absolute serum levels of IgG4 in patients with CRC. IgG4 enabled polarization of macrophages derived from CRC patients and healthy controls into alternatively-activated tolerogenic M2b phenotypes. IgG4-stimulated M2 macrophages were characterized by lower surface CD206, CD163, CD14, and CD11b expression and higher CCL-1, IL-10, and IL-6 production. IgG4 was less potent that IgG1 in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of cancer cells. Further, higher z-normalized IgG4/-IgE sera level ratios correlated with the presence of metastasis (p = .0247 and p = .0009, respectively) in CRC patients. High IgG4 in CRC synergizes with macrophages in shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and impairs anti-cancer effector cell functions. The shift of serum IgG4/IgE ratios toward enhanced tolerance induction in metastatic disease indicates a role for high IgG4 in disease progression and poor prognostic outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reichhold
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Piehslinger
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Groschopf
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- FH Campus Wien, Department of Health Science, Section of Biomedical Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian A. Jensen
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology Clinic of Perugia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Alexander Klaus
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorris A, Bustamante G, Mayer KA, Kinaciyan T, Zlabinger GJ. Cesarean section and risk of allergies in Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 8:763-773. [PMID: 33128350 PMCID: PMC7654393 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown an association between cesarean section (CS) and increased prevalence of childhood allergic diseases. While these observations have been consistent in industrialized countries, evidence from developing countries is limited. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the mode of delivery and allergic diseases in children aged 3-12 years in Quito, Ecuador. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, parents were surveyed using an anonymous, standardized questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood project to assess the presence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies in their children. The children's age, sex, birthplace, delivery mode (CS/vaginal), socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were recorded. Other parameters included gestational age, breastfeeding, smoking status during pregnancy, and parental allergic diseases. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, children delivered via CS were found to have a higher risk of wheezing (odds ratio [OR] = 4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-11.89), physician-diagnosed asthma (OR = 24.06; 95% CI: 1.98-292.3), and pimples, or eczema with the itching for 6 months (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.06-6.61) than children delivered vaginally. No association was found between the delivery mode and rhinitis or food allergies. After stratifying by socioeconomic status, CS was only associated with allergic disorders in children of medium/high socioeconomic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS As seen in industrialized settings, children born by CS in nonindustrialized countries have an increased risk of developing allergic disorders including asthma and dermatitis, compared to those delivered vaginally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Gorris
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Bustamante
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jennifer B, Berg V, Modak M, Puck A, Seyerl-Jiresch M, Künig S, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P, Chou J, Geha RS, Öhler L, Yachie A, Choe H, Kraller M, Stockinger H, Stöckl J. Transferrin receptor 1 is a cellular receptor for human heme-albumin. Commun Biol 2020; 3:621. [PMID: 33110194 PMCID: PMC7591885 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for living cells. Uptake of iron-loaded transferrin by the transferrin receptor 1 (CD71, TFR) is a major but not sufficient mechanism and an alternative iron-loaded ligand for CD71 has been assumed. Here, we demonstrate that CD71 utilizes heme-albumin as cargo to transport iron into human cells. Binding and endocytosis of heme-albumin via CD71 was sufficient to promote proliferation of various cell types in the absence of transferrin. Growth and differentiation of cells induced by heme-albumin was dependent on heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) function and was accompanied with an increase of the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP). Import of heme-albumin via CD71 was further found to contribute to the efficacy of albumin-based drugs such as the chemotherapeutic Abraxane. Thus, heme-albumin/CD71 interaction is a novel route to transport nutrients or drugs into cells and adds to the emerging function of CD71 as a scavenger receptor. Brell, Berg et al find that iron enters cells not only through iron-transferrin uptake by the transferrin receptor (CD71) but also through uptake of heme-albumin by this receptor and that heme-albumin stimulates proliferation in a manner dependent on heme oxygenase 1. This study presents a new route for iron uptake in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brell Jennifer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Berg
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Seyerl-Jiresch
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarojinidevi Künig
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children´s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children´s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leopold Öhler
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Markus Kraller
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Sousa Linhares A, Kellner F, Jutz S, Zlabinger GJ, Gabius HJ, Huppa JB, Leitner J, Steinberger P. TIM-3 and CEACAM1 do not interact in cis and in trans. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1126-1141. [PMID: 32222966 PMCID: PMC7496933 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TIM‐3 has been considered as a target in cancer immunotherapy. In T cells, inhibitory as well as activating functions have been ascribed to this molecule. Its role may therefore depend on the state of T cells and on the presence of interaction partners capable to perform functional pairing. Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM1) has been proposed to bind TIM‐3 and to regulate its function. Using a T cell reporter platform we confirmed CEACAM1‐mediated inhibition, but CEACAM1 did not functionally engage TIM‐3. TIM‐3 and CEACAM1 coexpression was limited to a small subset of activated T cells. Moreover, results obtained in extensive binding studies were not in support of an interaction between TIM‐3 and CEACAM1. Cytoplasmic sequences derived from TIM‐3 induced inhibitory signaling in our human T cell reporter system. Our results indicate that TIM‐3 functions are independent of CEACAM1 and that this receptor has the capability to promote inhibitory signaling pathways in human T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kellner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berg V, Modak M, Brell J, Puck A, Künig S, Jutz S, Steinberger P, Zlabinger GJ, Stöckl J. Iron Deprivation in Human T Cells Induces Nonproliferating Accessory Helper Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:165-177. [PMID: 32284314 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron uptake via the transferrin receptor (CD71) is a pivotal mechanism for T cell proliferation. Yet, it is incompletely understood if targeting of CD71 also affects the differentiation and functional polarization of primary human T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of iron ingestion with blocking mAbs against CD71 induces nonproliferating T cells, which release high amounts of IL-2. Targeting of CD71 with blocking or nonblocking mAbs did not alter major signaling pathways and the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT, or AP-1 as analyzed in Jurkat T cells. Growth arrest in iron-deficient (Fe-def) T cells was prevented upon addition of exogenous iron in the form of ferric ammonium citrate but was not reversible by exogenous IL-2. Surprisingly, protein synthesis was found to be intact in Fe-def T cells as demonstrated by comparable levels of CD69 upregulation and cytokine production with iron-sufficient T cells upon stimulation with CD3 plus CD28 mAbs. Indeed, high amounts of IL-2 were detectable in the supernatant of Fe-def T cells, which was accompanied with a reduced cell surface expression of IL-2R. When we used such Fe-def T cells in allogeneic MLRs, we observed that these cells acquired an accessory cell function and stimulated the proliferation of bystander T cells by providing IL-2. Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that iron deprivation causes nonproliferating, altruistic T cells that can help and stimulate other immune cells by providing cytokines such as IL-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Berg
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Brell
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarojinidevi Künig
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mir Seyed Nazari P, Marosi C, Moik F, Riedl J, Özer Ö, Berghoff AS, Preusser M, Hainfellner JA, Pabinger I, Zlabinger GJ, Ay C. Low Systemic Levels of Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 3 (CCL3) are Associated with a High Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122020. [PMID: 31847343 PMCID: PMC6966639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight interplay between inflammation and hemostasis has been described as a potential driver for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here, we investigated the association of systemic cytokine levels and risk of VTE in patients with glioma. This analysis was conducted within the prospective, observational Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study. Patients with glioma were included at time of diagnosis or progression and were observed for a maximum of two years. Primary endpoint was objectively confirmed VTE. At study entry, a single blood draw was performed. A panel of nine cytokines was measured in serum samples with the xMAP technology developed by Luminex. Results: Overall, 76 glioma patients were included in this analysis, and 10 (13.2%) of them developed VTE during the follow-up. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL3) levels were inversely associated with risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR] per double increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.161–0.925, p = 0.033), while there was no association between the risk of VTE and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. In conclusion, low serum levels of CCL3 were associated with an increased risk of VTE. CCL3 might serve as a potential biomarker to predict VTE risk in patients with glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mir Seyed Nazari
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
| | - Christine Marosi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.M.); (A.S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Florian Moik
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
| | - Julia Riedl
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
| | - Öykü Özer
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
| | - Anna Sophie Berghoff
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.M.); (A.S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.M.); (A.S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Johannes A. Hainfellner
- Institute of Neurology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Cihan Ay
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.S.N.); (F.M.); (J.R.); (Ö.Ö.); (I.P.)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Battin C, De Sousa Linhares A, Paster W, Isenman DE, Wahrmann M, Leitner J, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P, Hofer J. Neuropilin-1 Acts as a Receptor for Complement Split Products. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2209. [PMID: 31572401 PMCID: PMC6753332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement split products (CSPs), such as the fragments C4d and C3d, which are generated as a consequence of complement regulatory processes, are established markers for disease activity in autoimmunity or antibody-mediated graft rejection. Since immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) was previously shown to interact with soluble CSPs, but not with CSPs covalently-bound to target surfaces following classical complement activation, the present study aimed to identify novel cellular receptors interacting with covalently-deposited CSPs. By applying an unbiased screening approach using a cDNA mammalian expression library generated from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and probed with recombinant human C4d, we identified neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a novel receptor for C4d, C3d, and iC3b. NRP1, a highly conserved type 1 transmembrane protein, plays important roles in the development of the nervous and cardiovascular system as well as in tumorigenesis through interaction with its established binding partners, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). NRP1 is also expressed on immune cells and serves as a marker for murine Tregs. Although NRP1 contains domains homologous to ones found in some complement proteins, it has not been linked to the complement system. We demonstrate that binding of C4d to NRP1 expressing cells was dose-dependent and saturable, and had a KD value of 0.71 μM. Importantly, and in contrast to ILT4, NRP1 interacted with CSPs that were covalently bound to target surfaces in the course of complement activation, therefore representing a classical complement receptor. The binding site of CSPs was mapped to the b1 domain of the coagulation factor V/VIII homology domain of NRP1. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role for NRP1 as a receptor for CSPs deposited on surfaces during complement activation. Further work is required to elucidate the functional consequences of the NRP1-CSP interactions in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and FACS Core Unit, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - David E Isenman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Sousa Linhares A, Battin C, Jutz S, Leitner J, Hafner C, Tobias J, Wiedermann U, Kundi M, Zlabinger GJ, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Therapeutic PD-L1 antibodies are more effective than PD-1 antibodies in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11472. [PMID: 31391510 PMCID: PMC6685986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of PD-1 signaling have revolutionized cancer therapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have been approved for the treatment of cancer. To date, therapeutic PD-1 inhibitors have not been compared in a functional assay. We used an efficient T cell reporter platform to evaluate the efficacy of five clinically used PD-1 inhibitors to block PD-1 signaling. The half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) for nivolumab and pembrolizumab were 76.17 ng/ml (95% CI 64.95-89.34 ng/ml) and 39.90 ng/ml (34.01-46.80 ng/ml), respectively. The EC50 values of the PD-L1 inhibitors were 6.46 ng/ml (5.48-7.61 ng/ml), 6.15 ng/ml (5.24-7.21 ng/ml) and 7.64 ng/ml (6.52-8.96 ng/ml) for atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, respectively. In conclusion, a functional assay evaluating antibodies targeting PD-1 inhibition in vitro revealed that pembrolizumab is a slightly more effective PD-1 blocker than nivolumab, and that PD-L1 antibodies are superior to PD-1 antibodies in reverting PD-1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samadi N, Polak D, Kitzmüller C, Steinberger P, Zlabinger GJ, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B. T-cell-derived cytokines enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of human neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1441-1443. [PMID: 31332790 PMCID: PMC6771661 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activated allergen‐specific Th2 and Th1 cells release cytokines that transform neutrophils into functional APCs characterized by the expression of HLA‐DR and CD58 as well as enhanced survival and antigen uptake, irrespectively of the presence of IL‐10, which reduces allergen uptake by neutrophils.
![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Samadi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mayer KA, Stöckl J, Zlabinger GJ, Gualdoni GA. Hijacking the Supplies: Metabolism as a Novel Facet of Virus-Host Interaction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1533. [PMID: 31333664 PMCID: PMC6617997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral replication is a process that involves an extremely high turnover of cellular molecules. Since viruses depend on the host cell to obtain the macromolecules needed for their proper replication, they have evolved numerous strategies to shape cellular metabolism and the biosynthesis machinery of the host according to their specific needs. Technologies for the rigorous analysis of metabolic alterations in cells have recently become widely available and have greatly expanded our knowledge of these crucial host–pathogen interactions. We have learned that most viruses enhance specific anabolic pathways and are highly dependent on these alterations. Since uninfected cells are far more plastic in their metabolism, targeting of the virus-induced metabolic alterations is a promising strategy for specific antiviral therapy and has gained great interest recently. In this review, we summarize the current advances in our understanding of metabolic adaptations during viral infections, with a particular focus on the utilization of this information for therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosskopf S, Leitner J, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab negatively affects CD4 + T-cell responses in vitro. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1359-1368. [PMID: 31332464 PMCID: PMC6683241 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting coinhibitory pathways in T cells possess efficacy in combating cancer. In addition to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 antibodies which are already established in tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoints such as LAG-3 or BTLA are emerging, which may have the potential to enhance T-cell responses alone or in combination with PD-1 blockers. CD4+ T cells play a central role in the immune system and contribute to productive immune responses in multiple ways. The effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on this cell subset may thus critically influence therapeutic outcomes. Here, we have used in vitro responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) as a model system to study the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on CD4+ T-cell responses. CFSE-labeled PBMCs of 65 donors were stimulated with TT in the presence of blocking antibodies to PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, or BTLA for 7 days. We found that the PD-L1 antibody greatly enhanced cytokine production and antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferation, whereas blocking antibodies to BTLA or LAG-3 did not augment responses to TT. Surprisingly, the presence of the therapeutic CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab resulted in a significant reduction of CD4+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Stimulation experiments with an IgG4 variant of ipilimumab indicated that the inhibitory effect of ipilimumab was dependent on its IgG1 isotype. Our results indicate that the therapeutic CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab can impair CD4+ effector T-cell responses and that this activity is mediated by its Fc part and CD16-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDivision of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rosskopf S, Jahn-Schmid B, Schmetterer KG, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. PD-1 has a unique capacity to inhibit allergen-specific human CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13543. [PMID: 30201974 PMCID: PMC6131174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes have a crucial role in initiating and promoting type I allergies. Their responses are tightly regulated by numerous activating and inhibitory signals provided by APCs. Here we have addressed the role of the major coinhibitory receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA and LAG-3 in allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses. PBMCs of healthy individuals and 41 patients allergic to house dust mites, birch, grass or mugwort pollen were stimulated with allergenic extracts and expression of coinhibitory receptors on responding CD4+ T cells was assessed. Blocking antibodies to PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA and LAG-3 were used to evaluate the role of coinhibitory pathways. Allergen-specific CD4+ T cells showed strong upregulation of PD-1, LAG-3 and CTLA-4 upon stimulation, whereas BTLA was downregulated. Blockade of PD-1 strongly enhanced proliferation and cytokine production (IL-10; TH1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α; TH2 cytokines IL-5, IL-13) of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells derived from allergic as well as non-allergic individuals. BTLA blockade enhanced proliferation but not cytokine production in response to house dust mite extract. Blocking LAG-3 was ineffective and surprisingly, we observed reduced proliferation and cytokine production in presence of a CTLA-4 antibody. Our results point to a unique potency of PD-1 pathways to dampen allergen-specific human T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jaeger-Lansky A, Schmidthaler K, Kuessel L, Gstöttner M, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Zlabinger GJ, Wenzl R, Eiwegger T. Local and systemic levels of cytokines and danger signals in endometriosis-affected women. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 130:7-10. [PMID: 30099220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a prevalent gynaecological disorder with a still unclear pathogenesis. So far inflammatory mechanisms are associated with disease progression and critical reviews have discussed the so-called 'danger theory' related to endometriosis. Hence, we performed immunoassays to evaluate whether local inflammation is linked to the severity of the disease. In addition, we investigated the role of recently described cytokines IL-33, IL-32α and the 'alarmin' high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). We confirmed a dysfunctional immune response in the local environment of women suffering from endometriosis. However, we found no direct evidence for a significant up-regulation of danger signals in endometriosis, irrespective of the severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Jaeger-Lansky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Schmidthaler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kuessel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Gstöttner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gualdoni GA, Mayer KA, Kapsch AM, Kreuzberg K, Puck A, Kienzl P, Oberndorfer F, Frühwirth K, Winkler S, Blaas D, Zlabinger GJ, Stöckl J. Rhinovirus induces an anabolic reprogramming in host cell metabolism essential for viral replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7158-E7165. [PMID: 29987044 PMCID: PMC6065033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800525115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) are responsible for the majority of upper airway infections; despite their high prevalence and the resulting economic burden, effective treatment is lacking. We report here that RV induces metabolic alterations in host cells, which offer an efficient target for antiviral intervention. We show that RV-infected cells rapidly up-regulate glucose uptake in a PI3K-dependent manner. In parallel, infected cells enhance the expression of the PI3K-regulated glucose transporter GLUT1. In-depth metabolomic analysis of RV-infected cells revealed a critical role of glucose mobilization from extracellular and intracellular pools via glycogenolysis for viral replication. Infection resulted in a highly anabolic state, including enhanced nucleotide synthesis and lipogenesis. Consistently, we observed that glucose deprivation from medium and via glycolysis inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) potently impairs viral replication. Metabolomic analysis showed that 2-DG specifically reverts the RV-induced anabolic reprogramming. In addition, treatment with 2-DG inhibited RV infection and inflammation in a murine model. Thus, we demonstrate that the specific metabolic fingerprint of RV infection can be used to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Kapsch
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Global Pathogen Safety, Shire, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kreuzberg
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Kienzl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karin Frühwirth
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Polak D, Hafner C, Briza P, Kitzmüller C, Elbe-Bürger A, Samadi N, Gschwandtner M, Pfützner W, Zlabinger GJ, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B. A novel role for neutrophils in IgE-mediated allergy: Evidence for antigen presentation in late-phase reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1143-1152.e4. [PMID: 29920351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils and allergen-specific T cells accumulate in patients with allergic late-phase reactions (LPRs). Their presence is associated with severe inflammation. Cytokines, such as GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-3, which are typically found in patients with allergic LPRs, have been proposed to convert neutrophils into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the antigen-processing and antigen-presenting capacities of neutrophils from allergic patients. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of donors with birch pollen allergy and stimulated with GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-3. The viability and expression of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 were assessed by using flow cytometry. HLA-DM expression was analyzed by means of immunoblotting. Allergen uptake was studied after fluorescence labeling of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Bet v 1 was digested with neutrophilic endolysosomal extracts, and the resulting fragments were sequenced by using mass spectrometry. Neutrophils were used as APCs in coculture experiments with autologous HLA-DR-restricted and Bet v 1-specific T-cell clones reactive with epitopes in different regions of the allergen. In all experiments monocytes were used for comparison. Fluids from suction blisters formed on top of LPRs induced by using intradermal allergen injection were assessed for HLA-DR+ neutrophils by using flow cytometry. RESULTS The cytokines significantly enhanced the survival, allergen uptake, and expression of HLA-DM and HLA-DR on neutrophils. Neutrophils rapidly degraded Bet v 1 into fragments containing all relevant T-cell epitopes. Cytokine-activated, allergen-pulsed neutrophils induced proliferative and cytokine responses of Bet v 1-specific T cells irrespective of epitope specificity, confirming that they fully processed and presented the allergen. HLA-DR+ neutrophils were detected in patients with cutaneous allergic LPRs. CONCLUSION Neutrophils can serve as APCs for local allergen-specific effector T cells in patients with allergic LPRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nazanin Samadi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Charvet C, Lager F, Le Roux D, Platzer R, Leksa V, Mitulovic G, Burkard TR, Zlabinger GJ, Fischer MB, Feuillet V, Renault G, Blüml S, Benko M, Suchanek M, Huppa JB, Matsuyama T, Cavaco-Paulo A, Bismuth G, Stockinger H. Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances. Front Immunol 2018; 9:852. [PMID: 29780382 PMCID: PMC5946032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If misregulated, macrophage (Mϕ)-T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-Mϕ (GM-CSF)- and Mϕ colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent Mϕs have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent Mϕs show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 Mϕs, M-CSF-dependent Mϕs, marked by folate receptor β (FRβ), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory Mϕs in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FRβ+CD39+CD73+ Mϕs, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory Mϕs. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the Mϕ extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in Mϕ cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological Mϕs in immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Machacek
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celine Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - René Platzer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Bioinformatics Department of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takami Matsuyama
- The Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Swine Research, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Stecher C, Zettl M, Rosskopf S, Rieger A, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. Antibodies targeting BTLA or TIM-3 enhance HIV-1 specific T cell responses in combination with PD-1 blockade. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:167-173. [PMID: 28882621 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent stimulation with antigens derived from viruses that establish chronic infections or tumour antigens results in the exhaustion of T cells. Coinhibitory receptors like PD-1 and CTLA-4 function as immune checkpoints on exhausted T cells. Blocking these molecules with antibodies improve immunity to cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting other coinhibitory receptors might have a similar role in improving T cell function and thus also utility in cancer therapy. Using HIV-specific T cells as a model for exhaustion we have evaluated the capacity of antibodies targeting TIM-3, BTLA, CD160, LAG-3 and CTLA-4 alone or in combination with a PD-1 antibody to enhance proliferation and cytokine production in response to Gag and Nef peptides. Antibodies targeting BTLA and TIM-3 enhanced CD8 T cell proliferation. Moreover, our results indicate that blocking BTLA and TIM-3 in combination with PD-1 might be especially effective in enhancing responses of exhausted human T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carmen Stecher
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zettl
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & CoKG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Rosskopf
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Rieger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kovarik JJ, Kernbauer E, Hölzl MA, Hofer J, Gualdoni GA, Schmetterer KG, Miftari F, Sobanov Y, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Witzeneder N, Greiner G, Ohradanova-Repic A, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Säemann MD, Decker T, Zlabinger GJ. Fasting metabolism modulates the interleukin-12/interleukin-10 cytokine axis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180900. [PMID: 28742108 PMCID: PMC5524343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial role of cell metabolism in immune cell differentiation and function has been recently established. Growing evidence indicates that metabolic processes impact both, innate and adaptive immunity. Since a down-stream integrator of metabolic alterations, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is responsible for controlling the balance between pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-12 and anti-inflammatory IL-10, we investigated the effect of upstream interference using metabolic modulators on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine release and protein expression in human and murine myeloid cells was assessed after toll-like receptor (TLR)-activation and glucose-deprivation or co-treatment with 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators. Additionally, the impact of metabolic interference was analysed in an in-vivo mouse model. Glucose-deprivation by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) increased the production of IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 in monocytes, but dose-dependently inhibited the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Similar effects have been observed using pharmacological AMPK activation. Consistently, an inhibition of the tuberous sclerosis complex-mTOR pathway was observed. In line with our in vitro observations, glycolysis inhibition with 2-DG showed significantly reduced bacterial burden in a Th2-prone Listeria monocytogenes mouse infection model. In conclusion, we showed that fasting metabolism modulates the IL-12/IL-10 cytokine balance, establishing novel targets for metabolism-based immune-modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J. Kovarik
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A. Hölzl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hofer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A. Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G. Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fitore Miftari
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Sobanov
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Meshcheryakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus D. Säemann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Battin C, Hennig A, Mayrhofer P, Kunert R, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P, Paster W. A human monocytic NF-κB fluorescent reporter cell line for detection of microbial contaminants in biological samples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178220. [PMID: 28542462 PMCID: PMC5443541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of pathogens by innate immune cells is essential for the initiation of appropriate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are highly sensitive for various structurally and evolutionary conserved molecules derived from microbes have a prominent role in this process. TLR engagement results in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which induces the expression of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. The exquisite sensitivity of TLR signalling can be exploited for the detection of bacteria and microbial contaminants in tissue cultures and in protein preparations. Here we describe a cellular reporter system for the detection of TLR ligands in biological samples. The well-characterized human monocytic THP-1 cell line was chosen as host for an NF-ᴋB-inducible enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene. We studied the sensitivity of the resultant reporter cells for a variety of microbial components and observed a strong reactivity towards TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 ligands. Mycoplasma lipoproteins are potent TLR2/6 agonists and we demonstrate that our reporter cells can be used as reliable and robust detection system for mycoplasma contaminations in cell cultures. In addition, a TLR4-sensitive subline of our reporters was engineered, and probed with recombinant proteins expressed in different host systems. Bacterially expressed but not mammalian expressed proteins induced strong reporter activity. We also tested proteins expressed in an E. coli strain engineered to lack TLR4 agonists. Such preparations also induced reporter activation in THP-1 cells highlighting the importance of testing recombinant protein preparations for microbial contaminations beyond endotoxins. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of monocytic reporter cells for high-throughput screening for microbial contaminations in diverse biological samples, including tissue culture supernatants and recombinant protein preparations. Fluorescent reporter assays can be measured on standard flow cytometers and in contrast to established detection methods, like luciferase-based systems or Limulus Amebocyte Lysate tests, they do not require costly reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Hennig
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Mayrhofer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (PS); (WP), (WP)
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (PS); (WP), (WP)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stecher C, Battin C, Leitner J, Zettl M, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Höller C, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. PD-1 Blockade Promotes Emerging Checkpoint Inhibitors in Enhancing T Cell Responses to Allogeneic Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:572. [PMID: 28588576 PMCID: PMC5439058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target coinhibitory T cell molecules to promote anticancer immune responses, are on the rise to become a new pillar of cancer therapy. However, current immune checkpoint-based therapies are successful only in a subset of patients and acquired resistances pose additional challenges. Finding new targets and combining checkpoint inhibitors might help to overcome these limitations. In this study, human T cells stimulated with allogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) were used to compare immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIM-3, BTLA, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT alone or in combination with a PD-1 antibody. We found that PD-1 blockade bears a unique potency to enhance T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Other checkpoint inhibitors failed to significantly augment T cell responses when used alone. However, antibodies to TIM-3, BTLA, LAG-3, and CTLA-4 enhanced T cell proliferation in presence of a PD-1 antibody. Upregulation of coinhibitory T cell receptors upon PD-1 blockade was identified as a potential mechanism for synergistic effects between checkpoint inhibitors. Donor-specific variation in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors was attributed to the T cells rather than DCs. Additionally, we analyzed the regulation of checkpoint molecules and their ligands on T cells and allogeneic DCs in coculture, which suggested a PD-1 blockade-dependent crosstalk between T cells and APC. Our results indicate that several immune checkpoint inhibitors have the capacity to enhance T cell responses when combined with PD-1 blockade. Additional in vitro studies on human T cells will be useful to identify antibody combinations with the potential to augment T cell responses in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Stecher
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zettl
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & CoKG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Höller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kitzmüller C, Kalser J, Mutschlechner S, Hauser M, Zlabinger GJ, Ferreira F, Bohle B. Fusion proteins of flagellin and the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 show enhanced immunogenicity, reduced allergenicity, and intrinsic adjuvanticity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:293-299.e6. [PMID: 28456624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant fusion proteins of flagellin and antigens have been demonstrated to induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses. Such fusion proteins can enhance the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize different fusion proteins of flagellin and the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 for suitability as allergy vaccines. METHODS A truncated version of flagellin (NtCFlg) was genetically fused to the N- or C-terminus of Bet v 1. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 binding was assessed with HEK293 cells expressing TLR5. Upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 on monocyte-derived dendritic cells from allergic patients was analyzed by using flow cytometry. The T cell-stimulatory capacity of the fusion proteins was assessed with naive and Bet v 1-specific T cells. IgE binding was tested in inhibition ELISAs and basophil activation tests. Mice were immunized with the fusion proteins in the absence and presence of aluminum hydroxide. Cellular and antibody responses were monitored. Murine antibodies were tested for blocking capacity in basophil activation tests. RESULTS Both fusion proteins matured monocyte-derived dendritic cells through TLR5. Compared with Bet v 1, the fusion proteins showed stronger T cell-stimulatory and reduced IgE-binding capacity and induced murine Bet v 1-specific antibodies in the absence of aluminum hydroxide. However, only antibodies induced by means of immunization with NtCFlg fused to the C-terminus of Bet v 1 inhibited binding of patients' IgE antibodies to Bet v 1. CONCLUSION Bet v 1-flagellin fusion proteins show enhanced immunogenicity, reduced allergenicity, and intrinsic adjuvanticity and thus represent promising vaccines for birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy. However, the sequential order of allergen and adjuvant within a fusion protein determines its immunologic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kitzmüller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kalser
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Mutschlechner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Puck A, Hopf S, Modak M, Majdic O, Cejka P, Blüml S, Schmetterer K, Arnold-Schrauf C, Gerwien JG, Frederiksen KS, Thell E, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Aigner R, Seyerl-Jiresch M, Zlabinger GJ, Stöckl J. The soluble cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct-CD45) in human plasma contributes to keep T cells in a quiescent state. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:193-205. [PMID: 27718235 PMCID: PMC5244668 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic tail of CD45 (ct‐CD45) is proteolytically cleaved and released upon activation of human phagocytes. It acts on T cells as an inhibitory, cytokine‐like factor in vitro. Here, we show that ct‐CD45 is abundant in human peripheral blood plasma from healthy adults compared with plasma derived from umbilical cord blood and plasma from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Plasma depleted of ct‐CD45 enhanced T‐cell proliferation, while addition of exogenous ct‐CD45 protein inhibited proliferation and reduced cytokine production of human T lymphocytes in response to TCR signaling. Inhibition of T‐cell proliferation by ct‐CD45 was overcome by costimulation via CD28. T‐cell activation in the presence of ct‐CD45 was associated with an upregulation of the quiescence factors Schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12) and Krueppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) as well as of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27kip1. In contrast, positive regulators of the cell cycle such as cyclin D2 and D3 as well as CDK2 and CDK4 were found to be downregulated in response to ct‐CD45. In summary, we demonstrate that ct‐CD45 is present in human plasma and sets the threshold of T‐cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department for Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catharina Arnold-Schrauf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens G Gerwien
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Thell
- Department for Gynecology, St. Josef Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Aigner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Seyerl-Jiresch
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salzer E, Cagdas D, Hons M, Mace EM, Garncarz W, Petronczki ÖY, Platzer R, Pfajfer L, Bilic I, Ban SA, Willmann KL, Mukherjee M, Supper V, Hsu HT, Banerjee PP, Sinha P, McClanahan F, Zlabinger GJ, Pickl WF, Gribben JG, Stockinger H, Bennett KL, Huppa JB, Dupré L, Sanal Ö, Jäger U, Sixt M, Tezcan I, Orange JS, Boztug K. RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1352-1360. [PMID: 27776107 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RASGRP1 is an important guanine nucleotide exchange factor and activator of the RAS-MAPK pathway following T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. The consequences of RASGRP1 mutations in humans are unknown. In a patient with recurrent bacterial and viral infections, born to healthy consanguineous parents, we used homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing to identify a biallelic stop-gain variant in RASGRP1. This variant segregated perfectly with the disease and has not been reported in genetic databases. RASGRP1 deficiency was associated in T cells and B cells with decreased phosphorylation of the extracellular-signal-regulated serine kinase ERK, which was restored following expression of wild-type RASGRP1. RASGRP1 deficiency also resulted in defective proliferation, activation and motility of T cells and B cells. RASGRP1-deficient natural killer (NK) cells exhibited impaired cytotoxicity with defective granule convergence and actin accumulation. Interaction proteomics identified the dynein light chain DYNLL1 as interacting with RASGRP1, which links RASGRP1 to cytoskeletal dynamics. RASGRP1-deficient cells showed decreased activation of the GTPase RhoA. Treatment with lenalidomide increased RhoA activity and reversed the migration and activation defects of RASGRP1-deficient lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Salzer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deniz Cagdas
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Miroslav Hons
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Emily M Mace
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wojciech Garncarz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Özlem Yüce Petronczki
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Platzer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Bilic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sol A Ban
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina L Willmann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Verena Supper
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hsiang Ting Hsu
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pinaki P Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Papiya Sinha
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fabienne McClanahan
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation and Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loïc Dupré
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Özden Sanal
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ilhan Tezcan
- Section of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gualdoni GA, Fuchs D, Zlabinger GJ, Gostner JM. Resveratrol intake enhances indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity in humans. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1065-8. [PMID: 27552061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound found in various nutrients that was shown to have immunomodulatory, anti-cancerogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The regulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in inflammatory tryptophan metabolism, has been proposed to be involved in resveratrol's biological effects. These observations, however, rely on in vitro findings and animal studies. Therefore, we assessed the impact of resveratrol on tryptophan metabolism after oral intake in humans. METHODS Healthy volunteers were orally administrated 5g resveratrol (n=8) or placebo (n=2) in a pilot study. IDO activity was determined by analyzing plasma levels of tryptophan and kynurenine. Determination of the immune activation marker neopterin was included in the analysis. RESULTS Resveratrol administration significantly reduced tryptophan levels 2.5h (p<0.001) and 5h (p<0.001) after treatment. Kynurenine levels were slightly, but not significantly, elevated 2.5h after the intervention, which resulted in an 1.33- and 1.30-fold increase of the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio at 2.5h (p<0.01) and 5h (p<0.01), respectively. Neopterin levels were not affected by resveratrol administration. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence of a modulatory effect of orally administered resveratrol on tryptophan metabolism in humans. Since IDO has been shown to play a crucial role in immunity, cancer development and regulation of vascular tone, the modulation of this enzyme might be involved in resveratrol's diverse biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Modak M, Majdic O, Cejka P, Jutz S, Puck A, Gerwien JG, Steinberger P, Zlabinger GJ, Strobl H, Stöckl J. Engagement of distinct epitopes on CD43 induces different co-stimulatory pathways in human T cells. Immunology 2016; 149:280-296. [PMID: 27392084 PMCID: PMC5046061 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Co‐receptors, being either co‐stimulatory or co‐inhibitory, play a pivotal role in T‐cell immunity. Several studies have indicated that CD43, one of the abundant T‐cell surface glycoproteins, acts not only as a potent co‐receptor but also as a negative regulator for T‐cell activation. Here we demonstrate that co‐stimulation of human peripheral blood (PB) T cells through two distinct CD43 epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) CD43‐6E5 (T6E5‐act) and CD43‐10G7 (T10G7‐act) potently induced T‐cell proliferation. However, T‐cell co‐stimulation through two CD43 epitopes differentially regulated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcription factors, T‐cell cytokine production and effector function. T6E5‐act produced high levels of interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) similar to T cells activated via CD28 (TCD28‐act), whereas T10G7‐act produced low levels of inflammatory cytokines but higher levels of regulatory cytokines transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and interleukin‐35 (IL‐35). Compared with T6E5‐act or to TCD28‐act, T10G7‐act performed poorly in response to re‐stimulation and further acquired a T‐cell suppressive function. T10G7‐act did not directly inhibit proliferation of responder T cells, but formed stable heterotypic clusters with dendritic cells (DC) via CD2 to constrain activation of responder T cells. Together, our data demonstrate that CD43 is a unique and polarizing regulator of T‐cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Cejka
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jutz
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Puck
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens G Gerwien
- Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Inflammation Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gualdoni GA, Mayer KA, Göschl L, Boucheron N, Ellmeier W, Zlabinger GJ. The AMP analog AICAR modulates the Treg/Th17 axis through enhancement of fatty acid oxidation. FASEB J 2016; 30:3800-3809. [PMID: 27492924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600522r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T cells must tightly regulate their metabolic processes to cope with varying bioenergetic demands depending on their state of differentiation. The metabolic sensor AMPK is activated in states of low energy supply and modulates cellular metabolism toward a catabolic state. Although this enzyme is known to be particularly active in regulatory T (Treg) cells, its impact on T helper (Th)-cell differentiation is poorly understood. We investigated the impact of several AMPK activators on Treg-cell differentiation and found that the direct activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), but not the indirect activators metformin and 2-deoxyglucose, strongly enhanced Treg-cell induction by specifically enhancing Treg-cell expansion. Conversely, Th17 generation was impaired by the agent. Further investigation of the metabolic background of our observations revealed that AICAR enhanced both cellular mitochondrogenesis and fatty acid uptake. Consistently, increased Treg induction was entirely reversible on inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, thus confirming the dependence of AICAR's effects on metabolic pathways alterations. Translating our findings to an in vivo model, we found that the substance enhanced Treg cell generation on IL-2 complex-induced immune stimulation. We provide a previously unrecognized insight into the delicate interplay between immune cell function and metabolism and delineate a potential novel strategy for metabolism-targeting immunotherapy.-Gualdoni, G. A., Mayer, K. A., Göschl, L., Boucheron, N., Ellmeier, W., Zlabinger, G. J. The AMP analog AICAR modulates the Treg/Th17 axis through enhancement of fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Katharina A Mayer
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Lisa Göschl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Supper V, Schiller HB, Paster W, Forster F, Boulègue C, Mitulovic G, Leksa V, Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Schatzlmaier P, Zlabinger GJ, Stockinger H. Association of CD147 and Calcium Exporter PMCA4 Uncouples IL-2 Expression from Early TCR Signaling. J I 2016; 196:1387-99. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
30
|
Hofer J, Forster F, Isenman DE, Wahrmann M, Leitner J, Hölzl MA, Kovarik JJ, Stockinger H, Böhmig GA, Steinberger P, Zlabinger GJ. Ig-like transcript 4 as a cellular receptor for soluble complement fragment C4d. FASEB J 2015; 30:1492-503. [PMID: 26678451 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Complement regulation leads to the generation of complement split products (CSPs) such as complement component (C)4d, a marker for disease activity in autoimmune syndromes or antibody-mediated allograft rejection. However, the physiologic role of C4d has been unknown. By screening murine thymoma BW5147 cells expressing a cDNA library generated from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells with recombinant human C4d, we identified Ig-like transcript (ILT)4 and ILT5v2 as cellular receptors for C4d. Both receptors, expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, also interacted with the CSPs C3d, C4b, C3b, and iC3b. However, C4d did not bind to classic complement receptors (CRs). Interaction between cell surface-resident ILT4 and soluble monomeric C4d resulted in endocytosis of C4d. Surprisingly, binding of soluble ILT4 to C4d covalently immobilized to a cellular surface following classic complement activation could not be detected. Remarkably, C4d immobilized to a solid phaseviaits intrinsic thioester conferred a dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in monocytes activatedviaFc-cross-linking of up to 50% as compared to baseline. Similarly, C4d conferred an attenuation of intracellular Ca(2+)flux in monocytes activatedviaFc-cross-linking. In conclusion, ILT4 represents a scavenger-type endocytotic CR for soluble monomeric C4d, whereas attenuation of monocyte activation by physiologically oriented C4d on a surface appears to be dependent on a yet to be identified C4d receptor.-Hofer, J., Forster, F., Isenman, D. E., Wahrmann, M., Leitner, J., Hölzl, M. A., Kovarik, J. K., Stockinger, H., Böhmig, G. A., Steinberger, P., Zlabinger, G. J. Ig-like transcript 4 as a cellular receptor for soluble complement fragment C4d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hofer
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florian Forster
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Isenman
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith Leitner
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus A Hölzl
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes J Kovarik
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Steinberger
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- *Division of Clinical Experimental Immunology and Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pollreisz A, Sacu S, Eibenberger K, Funk M, Kivaranovic D, Zlabinger GJ, Georgopoulos M, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Extent of Detached Retina and Lens Status Influence Intravitreal Protein Expression in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5493-502. [PMID: 26284555 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare intravitreal cytokines and chemokines to clinical parameters in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS In this prospective study vitreous samples were taken undiluted from 60 patients with RRD and 20 age-matched controls with idiopathic epiretinal membranes at the beginning of primary vitrectomy. The following clinical parameters were assessed from RRD patients prior to surgery: number of quadrants detached, RD height, lens status, symptom duration, and refractive power. Concentrations of 40 different proteins in the vitreous of RRD eyes were measured by multiplex protein array, compared with controls and correlated to clinical parameters. RESULTS Ten cytokines and chemokines were significantly upregulated in the vitreous of RRD eyes compared with controls (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMP]-1 and -2, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1, IL-6, and -8, inducible protein (IP)-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], TGFβ-3, and platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]-AB/BB). Linear regression analysis revealed that IL-8 and TGFβ-3 increased with the number of retinal quadrants detached, while TIMP-1 rose in eyes with greater RD heights. Concentrations of IP-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) peaked in eyes with two or more quadrants detached, while TIMP-2 was highest expressed in the vitreous of eyes with great RD height. In pseudophakic eyes with higher detachment height levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were significantly increased, while neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was decreased in pseudophakic patients with shallow RD height. CONCLUSIONS Extent of RRD and lens status significantly influence intravitreal proinflammatory, profibrotic, and proapoptotic protein expression. These data contribute to the fundamental understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms in RRD and may serve as a basis for development of adjunct therapeutics to facilitate functional restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Sacu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Eibenberger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Funk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael Georgopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gualdoni GA, Lingscheid T, Schmetterer KG, Hennig A, Steinberger P, Zlabinger GJ. Azithromycin inhibits IL-1 secretion and non-canonical inflammasome activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12016. [PMID: 26152605 PMCID: PMC4495566 DOI: 10.1038/srep12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of inflammasome activation was recently identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Although macrolide antibiotics display well described immunomodulatory properties, presumably involved in their clinical effects, their impact on inflammasome activation has not been investigated. We compared the influence of macrolides on cytokine induction in human monocytes. The role of intracellular azithromycin-accumulation was examined by interference with Ca++-dependent uptake. We have also analysed the signalling cascades involved in inflammasome activation, and substantiated the findings in a murine sepsis model. Azithromycin, but not clarithromycin or roxithromycin, specifically inhibited IL-1α and IL-1β secretion upon LPS stimulation. Interference with Ca++-dependent uptake abolished the cytokine-modulatory effect, suggesting a role of intracellular azithromycin accumulation in the modulatory role of this macrolide. Azithromycin’s inhibiting effects were observed upon LPS, but not upon flagellin, stimulation. Consistent with this observation, we found impaired induction of the LPS-sensing caspase-4 whereas NF-κB signalling was unaffected. Furthermore, azithromycin specifically affected IL-1β levels in a murine endotoxin sepsis model. We provide the first evidence of a differential impact of macrolides on the inflammasome/IL-1β axis, which may be of relevance in inflammasome-driven diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman Lingscheid
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Hennig
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Böhmig GA, Kikic Z, Wahrmann M, Eskandary F, Aliabadi AZ, Zlabinger GJ, Regele H, Feucht HE. Detection of alloantibody-mediated complement activation: A diagnostic advance in monitoring kidney transplant rejection? Clin Biochem 2015; 49:394-403. [PMID: 26118475 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is an important cause of kidney allograft injury. In the last two decades, detection of complement split product C4d along transplant capillaries, a footprint of antibody-mediated classical complement activation, has evolved as a useful diagnostic marker of ABMR. While it was recognized that ABMR may occur also in the absence of C4d, numerous studies have shown that C4d deposition may indicate a more severe rejection phenotype associated with poor graft survival. Such studies suggest a possible diagnostic benefit of ex vivo monitoring the complement-activating capability of circulating alloantibodies. DESIGN AND METHODS We reviewed the literature between 1993 and 2015, focusing on in vivo (biopsy work-up) and in vitro detection (modified bead array technology) of HLA antibody-triggered classical complement activation in kidney transplantation. RESULTS Precise HLA antibody detection methods, in particular Luminex-based single antigen bead (SAB) assays, have provided a valuable basis for the design of techniques for in vitro detection of HLA antibody-triggered complement activation reflected by C1q, C4 or C3 split product deposition to the bead surface. Establishing such assays it was recognized that deposition of complement products to SAB, which critically depends on antibody binding strength, may be a cardinal trigger of the prozone effect, a troublesome in vitro artifact caused by a steric interference with IgG detection reagents. False-low IgG results, especially on SAB with extensive antibody binding, have to be considered when interpreting studies analyzing the diagnostic value of complement in relation to standard IgG detection. Levels of complement-fixing donor-specific antibodies (DSA) were shown to correlate with the results of standard crossmatch tests, suggesting potential application for crossmatch prediction. Moreover, while the utility of pre-transplant complement detection, at least in crossmatch-negative transplant recipients, is controversially discussed, a series of studies have shown that the appearance of post-transplant complement-fixing DSA may be associated with C4d deposition in transplant capillaries and a particular risk of graft failure. CONCLUSIONS The independent value of modified single antigen bead assays, as compared to a careful analysis of standard IgG detection, which may be affected considerably by complement dependent artifacts, needs to be clarified. Whether they have the potential to improve the predictive accuracy of our current diagnostic repertoire warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Zeljko Kikic
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arezu Z Aliabadi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut E Feucht
- Department of Organ Transplantation/Nephrology, Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn, Wörnerweg 30, 83670 Bad Heilbrunn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Leitner J, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Zlabinger GJ, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Steinberger P. CD58/CD2 Is the Primary Costimulatory Pathway in Human CD28-CD8+ T Cells. J Immunol 2015; 195:477-87. [PMID: 26041540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of CD8(+) T cells in adults lack the expression of the CD28 molecule, and the aging of the immune system is associated with a steady expansion of this T cell subset. CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells are characterized by potent effector functions but impaired responses to antigenic challenge. CD28 acts as the primary T cell costimulatory receptor, but there are numerous additional receptors that can costimulate the activation of T cells. In this study, we have examined such alternative costimulatory pathways regarding their functional role in CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells. Our study showed that most costimulatory molecules have a low capacity to activate CD28-deficient T cells, whereas the engagement of the CD2 molecule by its ligand CD58 clearly costimulated proliferation, cytokine production, and effector function in this T cell subset. CD58 is broadly expressed on APCs including dendritic cells. Blocking CD58 mAb greatly reduced the response of human CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells to allogeneic dendritic cells, as well as to viral Ags. Our results clearly identify the CD58/CD2 axis as the primary costimulatory pathway for CD8 T cells that lack CD28. Moreover, we show that engagement of CD2 amplifies TCR signals in CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells, demonstrating that the CD2-CD58 interaction has a genuine costimulatory effect on this T cell subset. CD2 signals might promote the control of viral infection by CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells, but they might also contribute to the continuous expansion of CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells during chronic stimulation by persistent Ag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Deifl S, Zwicker C, Vejvar E, Kitzmüller C, Gadermaier G, Nagl B, Vrtala S, Briza P, Zlabinger GJ, Jahn-Schmid B, Ferreira F, Bohle B. Glutathione-S-transferase: a minor allergen in birch pollen due to limited release from hydrated pollen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109075. [PMID: 25275548 PMCID: PMC4183528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a protein homologous to glutathione-S-transferases (GST) was detected in prominent amounts in birch pollen by proteomic profiling. As members of the GST family are relevant allergens in mites, cockroach and fungi we investigated the allergenic relevance of GST from birch (bGST). METHODOLOGY bGST was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by mass spectrometry. Sera from 217 birch pollen-allergic patients were tested for IgE-reactivity to bGST by ELISA. The mediator-releasing activity of bGST was analysed with IgE-loaded rat basophil leukaemia cells (RBL) expressing human FcεRI. BALB/c mice were immunized with bGST or Bet v 1. Antibody and T cell responses to either protein were assessed. IgE-cross-reactivity between bGST with GST from house dust mite, Der p 8, was studied with murine and human sera in ELISA. The release kinetics of bGST and Bet v 1 from birch pollen were assessed in water, simulated lung fluid, 0.9% NaCl and PBS. Eluted proteins were quantified by ELISA and analysed by immunoblotting. PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Only 13% of 217 birch pollen-allergic patients showed IgE-reactivity to bGST. In RBL assays bGST induced mediator release. Immunization of mice with bGST induced specific IgE and a Th2-dominated cellular immune response comparably to immunization with Bet v 1. bGST did not cross-react with Der p 8. In contrast to Bet v 1, only low amounts of bGST were released from pollen grains upon incubation in water and the different physiological solutions. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Although bGST is abundant in birch pollen, immunogenic in mice and able to induce mediator release from effector cells passively loaded with specific IgE, it is a minor allergen for birch pollen-allergic patients. We refer this discrepancy to its limited release from hydrated pollen. Hence, bGST is an example demonstrating that allergenicity depends mainly on rapid elution from airborne particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Deifl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Zwicker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Vejvar
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Birgit Nagl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kikić Ž, Kozakowski N, Regele H, Priessner K, Nordmeyer V, Marinova L, Zlabinger GJ, Wahrmann M, Bartel G, Böhmig GA. Clinicopathological relevance of granular C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries of kidney allografts. Transpl Int 2014; 27:312-21. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Kikić
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Nicolas Kozakowski
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karin Priessner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Veit Nordmeyer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Lena Marinova
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Markus Wahrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gregor Bartel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg A. Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Department of Medicine III; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Forster F, Paster W, Supper V, Schatzlmaier P, Sunzenauer S, Ostler N, Saliba A, Eckerstorfer P, Britzen-Laurent N, Schütz G, Schmid JA, Zlabinger GJ, Naschberger E, Stürzl M, Stockinger H. Guanylate binding protein 1-mediated interaction of T cell antigen receptor signaling with the cytoskeleton. J Immunol 2013; 192:771-81. [PMID: 24337748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GTPases act as important switches in many signaling events in cells. Although small and heterotrimeric G proteins are subjects of intensive studies, little is known about the large IFN-inducible GTPases. In this article, we show that the IFN-γ-inducible guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP-1) is a regulator of T cell activation. Silencing of GBP-1 leads to enhanced activation of early T cell Ag receptor/CD3 signaling molecules, including Lck, that is translated to higher IL-2 production. Mass spectrometry analyses showed that regulatory cytoskeletal proteins, like plastin-2 that bundles actin fibers and spectrin β-chain, brain 1 that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, are binding partners of GBP-1. The spectrin cytoskeleton influences cell spreading and surface expression of TCR/CD3 and the leukocyte phosphatase CD45. We found higher cell spreading and enhanced surface expression of TCR/CD3 and CD45 in GBP-1 silenced T cells that explain their enhanced TCR/CD3 signaling. We conclude that GBP-1 is a downstream processor of IFN-γ via which T cells regulate cytoskeleton-dependent cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Forster
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gualdoni GA, Kovarik JJ, Hofer J, Dose F, Pignitter M, Doberer D, Steinberger P, Somoza V, Wolzt M, Zlabinger GJ. Resveratrol enhances TNF-α production in human monocytes upon bacterial stimulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:95-105. [PMID: 24035785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol is a key component of red wine that has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic and anti-aging properties. Additional studies conducted in vitro and in animal models suggested anti-inflammatory properties. However, data from primary human immune cells and in vivo studies are limited. METHODS A pilot study was performed including 10 healthy volunteers. Plasma cytokine levels were measured over 48h after oral application of 5g resveratrol. To verify the in vivo findings, cytokine release and gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and/or monocytes was assessed after treatment with resveratrol or its metabolites and stimulation with several toll-like receptor (TLR)-agonists. Additionally, the impact on intracellular signaling pathways was analyzed using a reporter cell line and Western blotting. RESULTS Resveratrol treated individuals showed a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels 24h after treatment compared to baseline. Studies using human PBMC or isolated monocytes confirmed potentiation of TNF-α production with different TLR agonists, while interleukin (IL)-10 was inhibited. Moreover, we observed significantly enhanced nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) activation using a reporter cell line and found increased phosphorylation of p105, which is indicative of alternative NF-κB pathway activation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE By administering resveratrol to healthy humans and utilizing primary immune cells we were able to detect TNF-α enhancing properties of the agent. In parallel, we found enhanced alternative NF-κB activation. We report on a novel pro-inflammatory property of resveratrol which has to be considered in concepts of its biologic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido A Gualdoni
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kovarik JJ, Hölzl MA, Hofer J, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Sobanov Y, Koeffel R, Saemann MD, Mechtcheriakova D, Zlabinger GJ. Eicosanoid modulation by the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate in human monocytes. Immunology 2013; 139:395-405. [PMID: 23398566 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
n-Butyrate deriving from bacterial fermentation in the mammalian intestine is a key determinant in gastrointestinal homeostasis. We examined the effects of this short-chain fatty acid and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR) and TLR4 engagement on inflammatory/immunity-associated genes, cyclo-oxygenases (COXs), prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) in human monocytes. Before RNA isolation, freshly isolated human monocytes were co-incubated for different time-points with 1 mm n-butyrate alone or in combination with bacterial stimuli. Based on a knowledge-driven approach, a signature of 180 immunity/inflammation-associated genes was picked and real-time PCR analysis was performed. Pathway analysis was carried out using a web-based database analysing program. Based on these gene expression studies the findings were evaluated at the protein/mediator level by Western blot analysis, FACS and ELISA. Following co-incubation with n-butyrate and lipopolysaccharide, key enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway, like PTGS2 (COX-2), TXS, ALOX5, LTA4H and LTC4S, were significantly up-regulated compared with stimulation with lipopolysaccharide alone. Furthermore, release of the lipid mediators PGE(2), 15d-PGJ(2), LTB(4) and thromboxane B(2) was increased by n-butyrate. Regarding signalling, n-butyrate had no additional effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase and interfered differently with early and late phases of nuclear factor-κB signalling. Our results suggest that among many other mediators of eicosanoid signalling n-butyrate massively induces PGE(2) production by increasing the expression of PTGS2 (COX-2) in monocytes following TLR4 and TLR2 activation and induces secretion of LTB(4) and thromboxane B(2). This underscores the role of n-butyrate as a crucial mediator of gut-specific immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Kovarik
- Institute of Immunology, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Koller VJ, Zlabinger GJ, Auwärter V, Fuchs S, Knasmueller S. Toxicological profiles of selected synthetic cannabinoids showing high binding affinities to the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB₁. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1287-97. [PMID: 23494106 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Products containing synthetic cannabinoids are consumed as a surrogate for marihuana due to their non-detectability with commonly used drug tests and their strong cannabimimetic effects. Because data concerning their toxicological properties are scarce, the cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunomodulatory, and hormonal activities of four naphthoylindole compounds (JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-122 and JWH-210) and of one benzoylindole (AM-694) were studied in human cell lines and primary cells; tetrahydrocannabinol was included as the classical non-endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. All compounds induced damage to the cell membranes of buccal (TR146) and breast (MCF-7) derived cells at concentrations of ≥75-100 μM. No cytotoxic responses were seen in other assays which reflect mitochondrial damage, protein synthesis, and lysosomal activities. JWH-073 and JWH-122 induced DNA migration in buccal and liver cells (HepG2) in single cell gel electrophoresis assays, while JWH-210 was only in the latter cell line active. No estrogenic activities were detected in bone marrow cells (U2-OS), but all compounds caused anti-estrogenic effects at levels between 2.1 and 23.0 μM. Furthermore, no impact on cytokine release (i.e., on IL-10, IL-6, IL-12/23p40 and TNFα levels) was seen in LPS-stimulated human PBMCs, except with JWH-210 and JWH-122 which caused a decrease of TNFα and IL-12/23p40. All toxic effects were observed with concentrations higher than those expected in body fluids of users. Since genotoxic effects are in general linear over a wide concentration range and the exposure levels may be higher in epithelial cells than [corrected] in serum, further experimental work is required to find out if DNA damage takes place in drug users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena J Koller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Katholnig K, Kaltenecker CC, Hayakawa H, Rosner M, Lassnig C, Zlabinger GJ, Gaestel M, Müller M, Hengstschläger M, Hörl WH, Park JM, Säemann MD, Weichhart T. p38α senses environmental stress to control innate immune responses via mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Immunol 2013; 190:1519-27. [PMID: 23315073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK p38α senses environmental stressors and orchestrates inflammatory and immunomodulatory reactions. However, the molecular mechanism how p38α controls immunomodulatory responses in myeloid cells remains elusive. We found that in monocytes and macrophages, p38α activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and in vivo. p38α signaling in myeloid immune cells promoted IL-10 but inhibited IL-12 expression via mTOR and blocked the differentiation of proinflammatory CD4(+) Th1 cells. Cellular stress induced p38α-mediated mTOR activation that was independent of PI3K but dependent on the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and on the inhibition of tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2, a negative regulatory complex of mTOR signaling. Remarkably, p38α and PI3K concurrently modulated mTOR to balance IL-12 and IL-10 expression. Our data link p38α to mTOR signaling in myeloid immune cells that is decisive for tuning the immune response in dependence on the environmental milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Katholnig
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wahrmann M, Hlavin G, Fischer G, Marinova L, Schwaiger E, Hörl WH, Zlabinger GJ, Körmöczi GF, König F, Böhmig GA. Modified solid-phase alloantibody detection for improved crossmatch prediction. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Inic-Kanada A, Nussbaumer A, Montanaro J, Belij S, Schlacher S, Stein E, Bintner N, Merio M, Zlabinger GJ, Barisani-Asenbauer T. Comparison of ophthalmic sponges and extraction buffers for quantifying cytokine profiles in tears using Luminex technology. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2717-25. [PMID: 23233782 PMCID: PMC3519369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluating cytokine profiles in tears could shed light on the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases. When collecting tears with the methods currently available, it is often not possible to avoid the tear reflex, which may give a different cytokine profile compared to basal tears. More importantly, tear collection with glass capillaries, the most widely used method for taking samples and the best method for avoiding tear reflex, is impractical for remote area field studies because it is tedious and time-consuming for health workers, who cannot collect tears from a large number of patients with this method in one day. Furthermore, this method is uncomfortable for anxious patients and children. Thus, tears are frequently collected using ophthalmic sponges. These sponges have the advantage that they are well tolerated by the patient, especially children, and enable standardization of the tear collection volume. The aim of this study was to compare various ophthalmic sponges and extraction buffers to optimize the tear collection method for field studies for subsequent quantification of cytokines in tears using the Luminex technology. METHODS Three ophthalmic sponges, Merocel, Pro-ophta, and Weck-Cel, were tested. Sponges were presoaked with 25 cytokines/chemokines of known concentrations and eluted with seven different extraction buffers (EX1-EX7). To assess possible interference in the assay from the sponges, two standard curves were prepared in parallel: 1) cytokines of known concentrations with the extraction buffers and 2) cytokines of known concentrations loaded onto the sponges with the extraction buffers. Subsequently, a clinical assessment of the chosen sponge-buffer combination was performed with tears collected from four healthy subjects using 1) aspiration and 2) sponges. To quantify cytokine/chemokine recovery and the concentration in the tears, a 25-plex Cytokine Panel and the Luminex xMap were used. This platform enables simultaneous measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, Th1/Th2 distinguishing cytokines, nonspecific acting cytokines, and chemokines. RESULTS WE DEMONSTRATED THE FOLLOWING: (i) 25 cytokines/chemokines expressed highly variable interactions with buffers and matrices. Several buffers enabled recovery of similar cytokine values (regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES], interleukin [IL]-13, IL-6, IL-8, IL-2R, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]); others were highly variable (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], monokine induced by interferon-gamma [MIG], IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, and eotaxin). (ii) Various extraction buffers displayed significantly different recovery rates on the same sponge for the same cytokine/chemokine. (iii) The highest recovery rates were obtained with the Merocel ophthalmic sponge except for tumor necrosis factor-α: the Weck-Cel ophthalmic sponge showed the best results, either with cytokine standards loaded onto sponges or with tears collected from the inner canthus of the eye, using the sponge. (iv) IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-α were not detected in any tear sample from four normal human subjects. Twenty-two cytokines/chemokines that we detected were extracted from the Merocel sponge to a satisfactory recovery percentage. The recovery of IL-7 was significantly lower in the extracted Merocel sponge compared to the diluted tear samples. The cytokine/chemokine extraction from tears showed the same pattern of extraction that we observed for extracting the standards. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous measurement of various cytokines using ophthalmic sponges yielded diverse results for various cytokines as the level of extraction differs noticeably for certain cytokines. A second set of controls (standard curves "with sponges") should be used to delineate the extent of extraction for each cytokine to be analyzed. Many cytokines/chemokines were detected in tear samples collected with the Merocel sponge, including many that have been implicated in ocular surface disease. Luminex detection of cytokine/chemokine profiles of tears collected with Merocel sponges and extracted with buffer EX1 may be useful in clinical studies, for example, to assess cytokine profiles evaluation in ocular surface diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Nussbaumer
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Montanaro
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Belij
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Schlacher
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Stein
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Bintner
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarethe Merio
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Talin Barisani-Asenbauer
- OCUVAC - Centre of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bartel G, Wahrmann M, Schwaiger E, Kikić Ž, Winzer C, Hörl WH, Mühlbacher F, Hoke M, Zlabinger GJ, Regele H, Böhmig GA. Solid phase detection of C4d-fixing HLA antibodies to predict rejection in high immunological risk kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2012; 26:121-30. [PMID: 23145861 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for recipient desensitization may allow for successful kidney transplantation across major immunological barriers. Desensitized recipients, however, still face a considerable risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), which underscores the need for risk stratification tools to individually tailor treatment. Here, we investigated whether solid phase detection of complement-fixing donor-specific antibodies (DSA) has the potential to improve AMR prediction in high-risk transplants. The study included 68 sensitized recipients of deceased donor kidney allografts who underwent peritransplant immunoadsorption for alloantibody depletion (median cytotoxic panel reactivity: 73%; crossmatch conversion: n = 21). Pre and post-transplant sera were subjected to detection of DSA-triggered C4d deposition ([C4d]DSA) applying single-antigen bead (SAB) technology. While standard crossmatch and [IgG]SAB testing failed to predict outcomes in our desensitized patients, detection of preformed [C4d]DSA (n = 44) was tightly associated with C4d-positive AMR [36% vs. 8%, P = 0.01; binary logistic regression: odds ratio: 10.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.6-64.2), P = 0.01]. Moreover, long-term death-censored graft survival tended to be worse among [C4d]DSA-positive recipients (P = 0.07). There were no associations with C4d-negative AMR or cellular rejection. [C4d]DSA detected 6 months post-transplantation were not related to clinical outcomes. Our data suggest that pretransplant SAB-based detection of complement-fixing DSA may be a valuable tool for risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Bartel
- Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Poglitsch M, Weichhart T, Hecking M, Werzowa J, Katholnig K, Antlanger M, Krmpotic A, Jonjic S, Hörl WH, Zlabinger GJ, Puchhammer E, Säemann MD. CMV late phase-induced mTOR activation is essential for efficient virus replication in polarized human macrophages. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1458-68. [PMID: 22390651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains one of the most important pathogens following solid-organ transplantation. Mounting evidence indicates that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors may decrease the incidence of CMV infection in solid-organ recipients. Here we aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this effect by employing a human CMV (HCMV) infection model in human macrophages, since myeloid cells are the principal in vivo targets of HCMV. We demonstrate a highly divergent host cell permissiveness for HCMV with optimal infection susceptibility in M2 but not M1 polarized macrophages. Employing an ultrahigh purified HCMV stock we observed rapamycin-independent viral entry and induction of IFN-β transcripts, but no proinflammatory cytokines or mitogen-activated protein kinases and mTOR activation early after infection. However, in the late infection phase, sustained mTOR activation was observed in HCMV-infected cells and was required for efficient viral protein synthesis including the viral late phase proteins pUL-44 and pp65. Accordingly, rapamycin strongly suppressed CMV replication 3 and 5 days postinfection in macrophages. In conclusion, these data indicate that mTOR is essential for virus replication during late phases of the viral cycle in myeloid cells and might explain the potent anti-CMV effects of mTOR inhibitors after organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Poglitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Weichhart T, Kopecky C, Kubicek M, Haidinger M, Döller D, Katholnig K, Suarna C, Eller P, Tölle M, Gerner C, Zlabinger GJ, van der Giet M, Hörl WH, Stocker R, Säemann MD. Serum amyloid A in uremic HDL promotes inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:934-47. [PMID: 22282592 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremia impairs the atheroprotective properties of HDL, but the mechanisms underlying why this occurs are unknown. Here, we observed that HDL isolated from healthy individuals inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral monocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. In contrast, HDL isolated from the majority of patients with ESRD did not show this anti-inflammatory property; many HDL samples even promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines. To investigate this difference, we used shotgun proteomics to identify 49 HDL-associated proteins in a uremia-specific pattern. Proteins enriched in HDL from patients with ESRD (ESRD-HDL) included surfactant protein B (SP-B), apolipoprotein C-II, serum amyloid A (SAA), and α-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor. In addition, we detected some ESRD-enriched proteins in earlier stages of CKD. We did not detect a difference in oxidation status between HDL isolated from uremic and healthy patients. Regarding function of these uremia-specific proteins, only SAA mimicked ESRD-HDL by promoting inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, SAA levels in ESRD-HDL inversely correlated with its anti-inflammatory potency. In conclusion, HDL has anti-inflammatory activities that are defective in uremic patients as a result of specific changes in its molecular composition. These data suggest a potential link between the high levels of inflammation and cardiovascular mortality in uremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weichhart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zeyda M, Gollinger K, Todoric J, Kiefer FW, Keck M, Aszmann O, Prager G, Zlabinger GJ, Petzelbauer P, Stulnig TM. Osteopontin is an activator of human adipose tissue macrophages and directly affects adipocyte function. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2219-27. [PMID: 21467192 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is highly up-regulated in adipose tissue in human and murine obesity and has been recently shown to be functionally involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and associated insulin resistance in mice. OPN is a protein with multiple functions and acts as a chemokine and an inflammatory cytokine through a variety of different receptors (CD44, integrins). It is expressed in many cell types including adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). However, the target cells of OPN action in obese adipose tissue are still elusive. Here, we investigated expression of OPN receptors and the impact of OPN on ATM, adipocytes, and other cells of human adipose tissue. We found broad expression of OPN receptors in different adipose tissue cell types including adipocytes. OPN stimulated inflammatory signaling pathways and secretion of cytokines in model macrophages as well as isolated human ATM. Moreover, OPN impaired differentiation and insulin sensitivity of primary adipocytes as determined by peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ and adiponectin gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Furthermore, OPN induced inflammatory signaling in human adipocytes. In conclusion, OPN activates ATM and interferes with adipocyte function. Thus these data underline the potential of OPN as a therapeutic target for obesity-induced complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeyda
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characteristically shows a high degree of inflammation when compared to healthy subjects. This appears to be attributable to an imbalance in local reactivity of inflammatory cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that immune cells from patients with IBD are less sensitive to anti-inflammatory agents in the gut as exemplified by the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) n-butyrate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with IBD (22 Crohn`s Disease, CD; 9 Ulcerative Colitis, UC) and 20 healthy individuals were stimulated through TLR-4 and TLR-2 engagement, respectively, and the anti-inflammatory activity of n-butyrate (0·06-1 mM) on cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, TNF-α) was assessed. Inhibition curves were generated, and effective doses (ED20-ED80) were determined. RESULTS Hyperresponsiveness to TLR-2 activation reflected by increased IL-12/23p40 and TNF-α production was observed in patients with IBD. To inhibit the release of IL-12/23p40 from PBMC after activation via TLR2-agonists, higher concentrations of n-butyrate were required in patients with IBD , when compared to healthy subjects. With regard to TLR-4 activation, PBMC from patients with IBD and controls were equally responsive to the immunoregulatory effects of n-butyrate. Further analysis revealed that the impaired sensitivity of PBMC to the anti-inflammatory action of n-butyrate was independent from hyperreactivity of immunocompetent cells. CONCLUSIONS Impaired sensitivity to the inhibitory action of n-butyrate in IBD may constitute a determinant in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Kovarik
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kuschei WM, Leitner J, Majdic O, Pickl WF, Zlabinger GJ, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Costimulatory signals potently modulate the T cell inhibitory capacity of the therapeutic CD11a antibody Efalizumab. Clin Immunol 2011; 139:199-207. [PMID: 21414849 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic CD11a antibody Efalizumab interferes with psoriasis pathogenesis by blocking T cell activation and migration. We have performed a detailed analysis on its effects during the activation of human T cells and found that the capability of Efalizumab to inhibit proliferation and cytokine production of T cells critically depends on the quality and quantity of costimulatory signals. Efalizumab potently inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production of human T cells costimulated via ICOS, OX40, CD27 or 4-1BB, but did not significantly inhibit T cells that received stimuli via CD2 or CD28. The capacity of CD2 and CD28 signals to interfere with the T cell inhibitory effects of Efalizumab was also observed upon stimulation of T cells with allogeneic DC. Furthermore, studies with T cells from psoriasis patients indicated that Efalizumab therapy induces inhibition of T cell responses that can be reverted by CD2 or CD28 signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner M Kuschei
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Physiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hölzl MA, Gärtner M, Kovarik JJ, Hofer J, Bernheimer H, Sunder-Plassmann G, Zlabinger GJ. Quantification of α-galactosidase activity in intact leukocytes. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1666-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|