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Mahmoudian A, King LK, Liew JW, Wang Q, Appleton CT, Englund M, Haugen IK, Lohmander LS, Runhaar J, Turkiewicz A, Neogi T, Hawker GA. Timing is everything: Towards classification criteria for early-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:649-653. [PMID: 38437945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Mahmoudian
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Movement Sciences and Health, University of West Florida, FL, USA.
| | - Lauren K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean W Liew
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiuke Wang
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Western Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ida K Haugen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Stefan Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jos Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Godziuk K, Hawker GA. Obesity and body mass index: Past and future considerations in osteoarthritis research. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:452-459. [PMID: 38354848 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is an important topic for the osteoarthritis (OA) scientific community. However, the predominant use of body mass index (BMI) to define obesity in OA research is associated with uncertainties and limitations. These include an inability to discern fat and muscle mass, account for sex-differences in fat distribution, or identify adiposity-related health impairments. A focus on BMI in OA research may influence weight bias in clinical practice and impact disparities in access to effective OA treatments. To ensure that our understanding and approaches to improve health outcomes for individuals with or at risk for OA continues to advance in the next decade, future research will need to consider alternative measures beyond BMI for obesity identification and align with evolving obesity science. OA researchers must be aware of issues associated with weight stigma and work to minimize negative generalizations based on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Godziuk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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King LK, Bodmer NS, Saadat P, Bobos P, Hawker GA, da Costa BR. Intracluster correlation coefficients in osteoarthritis cluster randomized trials: A systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1548-1553. [PMID: 37717903 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The design, analysis, and interpretation of cluster randomized clinical trials (RCTs) require accounting for potential correlation of observations on individuals within the same cluster. Reporting of observed intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) in cluster RCTs, as recommended by Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), facilitates sample size calculation of future cluster RCTs and understanding of the trial statistical power. Our objective was to summarize observed ICCs in osteoarthritis (OA) cluster RCTs. DESIGN Systematic review of knee/hip OA cluster RCTs. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for trials published from 2012, when CONSORT cluster RCTs extension was published, to September 2022. We calculated the proportion of cluster RCTs that reported observed ICCs. Of those that did, we extracted observed ICCs. PROSPERO CRD42022365660. RESULTS We screened 1121 references and included 20 cluster RCTs. Only 5 trials (25%) reported the observed ICC for at least one outcome variable. ICC values for pain outcomes were: 0, 0.01, 0.18; for physical function outcomes were: 0, 0.06, 0.13 (knee)/0.27 (hip); Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) total: 0.02, 0.02; symptoms of anxiety/depression: 0.22; disability: 0; and global change: 0. One out of four (25%) trials reported an ICC that was larger than the ICC used for sample size calculation and thus was underpowered. CONCLUSIONS Despite CONSORT statement recommendations for reporting cluster RCTs, few OA trials reported the observed ICC. Given the importance of the ICC to interpretation of trial results and future trial design, this reporting gap warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K King
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Research Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nicolas S Bodmer
- Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pakeezah Saadat
- Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Pavlos Bobos
- School of Physical Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Hawker GA. The Devil Is in the Detail: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Optimal Timing of Elective Hip or Knee Arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1889-1891. [PMID: 37488964 DOI: 10.1002/art.42659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
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Hawker GA. The Devil Is in the Detail: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Optimal Timing of Elective Hip or Knee Arthroplasty. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2239-2241. [PMID: 37485803 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
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Hawker GA. Response to commentary on 'Instruments to assess appropriateness of hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review'. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00762-8. [PMID: 37094760 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Hawker GA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Faris P, Jones CA, Noseworthy T, Ravi B, Woodhouse LJ, Marshall DA. Patient appropriateness for total knee arthroplasty and predicted probability of a good outcome. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002808. [PMID: 37068914 PMCID: PMC10111922 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One-fifth of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recipients experience a suboptimal outcome. Incorporation of patients' preferences in TKA assessment may improve outcomes. We determined the discriminant ability of preoperative measures of TKA need, readiness/willingness and expectations for a good TKA outcome. METHODS In patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing primary TKA, we preoperatively assessed TKA need (Western Ontario-McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) Pain Score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) function, arthritis coping), health status, readiness (Patient Acceptable Symptom State, depressive symptoms), willingness (definitely yes-yes/no) and expectations (outcomes deemed 'very important'). A good outcome was defined as symptom improvement (met Outcome Measures in Rheumatology and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) responder criteria) and satisfaction with results 1 year post TKA. Using logistic regression, we assessed independent outcome predictors, model discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and the predicted probability of a good outcome for different need, readiness/willingness and expectations scenarios. RESULTS Of 1,053 TKA recipients (mean age 66.9 years (SD 8.8); 58.6% women), 78.1% achieved a good outcome. With TKA need alone (WOMAC pain subscale, KOOS physical function short-form), model discrimination was good (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.71). Inclusion of readiness/willingness, depressive symptoms and expectations regarding kneeling, stair climbing, well-being and performing recreational activities improved discrimination (p=0.01; optimism corrected AUC 0.70, 0.66-0.74). The predicted probability of a good outcome ranged from 44.4% (33.9-55.5) to 92.4% (88.4-95.1) depending on level of TKA need, readiness/willingness, depressive symptoms and surgical expectations. CONCLUSIONS Although external validation is required, our findings suggest that incorporation of patients' TKA readiness, willingness and expectations in TKA decision-making may improve the proportion of recipients that experience a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Bohm
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael J Dunbar
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter Faris
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Noseworthy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bheeshma Ravi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda J Woodhouse
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Hawker GA. The crux of the issue: assessment of patient appropriateness for joint replacement requires a conversation with the patient. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00719-7. [PMID: 36907544 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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King LK, Ivers NM, Waugh EJ, MacKay C, Stanaitis I, Krystia O, Stretton J, Wong S, Weisman A, Bardai Z, Ross S, Brady S, Shloush M, Stier T, Gakhal N, Agarwal P, Parsons J, Lipscombe L, Hawker GA. Improving diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis in persons with type 2 diabetes: development of a complex intervention. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:20. [PMID: 36855209 PMCID: PMC9972628 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) commonly co-occurs in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and increases the risk for diabetes complications, yet uptake of evidence-based treatment is low. We combined theory, stakeholder involvement and existing evidence to develop a multifaceted intervention to improve OA care in persons with T2DM. This was done in partnership with Arthritis Society Canada to leverage the existing infrastructure and provincial funding for community arthritis care. METHODS Each step was informed by a User Advisory Panel of stakeholder representatives, including persons with lived experience. First, we identified the target groups and behaviours through consulting stakeholders and current literature. Second, we interviewed persons living with T2DM and knee OA (n = 18), health professionals (HPs) who treat people with T2DM (n = 18) and arthritis therapists (ATs, n = 18) to identify the determinants of seeking and engaging in OA care (patients), assessing and treating OA (HPs) and considering T2DM in OA treatment (ATs), using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). We mapped the content to behavioural change techniques (BCTs) to identify the potential intervention components. Third, we conducted stakeholder meetings to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of intervention components, including content and modes of delivery. Fourth, we selected intervention components informed by prior steps and constructed a programme theory to inform the implementation of the intervention and its evaluation. RESULTS We identified the barriers and enablers to target behaviours across a number of TDF domains. All stakeholders identified insufficient access to resources to support OA care in people with T2DM. Core intervention components, incorporating a range of BCTs at the patient, HP and AT level, sought to identify persons with knee OA within T2DM care and refer to Arthritis Society Canada for delivery of evidence-based longitudinal OA management. Diverse stakeholder input throughout development allowed the co-creation of an intervention that appears feasible and acceptable to target users. CONCLUSIONS We integrated theory, evidence and stakeholder involvement to develop a multifaceted intervention to increase the identification of knee OA in persons with T2DM within diabetes care and improve the uptake and engagement in evidence-based OA management. Our partnership with Arthritis Society Canada supports future spread, scalability and sustainability. We will formally assess the intervention feasibility in a randomized pilot trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. King
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Noah M. Ivers
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Esther J. Waugh
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Crystal MacKay
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Owen Krystia
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Sim Wong
- Patient Research Partner, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alanna Weisman
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.250674.20000 0004 0626 6184Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zahra Bardai
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan Ross
- grid.469795.0Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program, Arthritis Society Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shawn Brady
- grid.469795.0Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program, Arthritis Society Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marlee Shloush
- grid.469795.0Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program, Arthritis Society Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tara Stier
- grid.469795.0Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program, Arthritis Society Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Natasha Gakhal
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Payal Agarwal
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Janet Parsons
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.415502.7Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
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Davtyan A, Lee JJY, Eder L, Hawker GA, Luo J, Barber CEH, Thorne JC, Widdifield J. The Effects of Continuity of Rheumatology Care on Emergency Department Utilization and Hospitalizations for Individuals With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-Based Study. J Rheumatol 2023:jrheum.220996. [PMID: 36725062 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if continuity of rheumatology care influences rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A closed inception cohort of patients with RA diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 were followed until December 31, 2019. During the first 5 years following diagnosis, we categorized patients into 3 rheumatology care continuity groups (high, intermediate, and not retained in rheumatology care). Using a landmark analysis, we compared rates of ED visits and hospitalizations during follow-up. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs), adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and health services access and supply measures. RESULTS The cohort included 38,528 patients, of which 57.7% (n = 22,221) were classified in the high rheumatology continuity group, 17.2% (n = 6636) were in the intermediate group, and 25.1% (n = 9671) were not retained in rheumatology care. Relative to the high continuity group, both the intermediate and nonretention groups had higher ED rates (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.20, and RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16, respectively). The intermediate group also experienced higher adjusted hospitalization rates (207.4, 95% CI 203.0-211.8 per 1000 person-years [PY]) than the high continuity group (193.5, 95% CI 191.4-195.6 per 1000 PY). CONCLUSION Patients with RA with higher continuity of rheumatology care had lower rates of ED visits and hospitalizations compared to those who did not receive continuous rheumatology care during the first 5 years of follow-up. These findings provide evidence to support the value of early and continuous rheumatology care for reducing hospitalizations and ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Davtyan
- A. Davtyan, MSc, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jennifer J Y Lee
- J.J.Y. Lee, MD, MSc, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, and ICES, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lihi Eder
- L. Eder, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- G.A Hawker, MD, MSc, Institute of Health Policy, Management, & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ICES, Toronto, and Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jin Luo
- J. Luo, MSc, ICES, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Claire E H Barber
- C.E.H. Barber, MD, PhD, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, and Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - J Carter Thorne
- J.C. Thorne, MD, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario
| | - Jessica Widdifield
- J. Widdifield, PhD, Institute of Health Policy, Management, & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ICES, Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Holland Bone & Joint Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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King LK, Waugh EJ, MacKay C, Stanaitis I, Krystia O, Stretton J, Ross S, Brady S, Weisman A, Lipscombe L, Hawker GA. Formulating Knee Osteoarthritis Management Plans Taking Type 2 Diabetes Into Account: Qualitative Study of Arthritis Therapists Using Theoretical Domains Framework. J Rheumatol Suppl 2022; 49:1365-1371. [PMID: 36109079 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delivering person-centered care in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) necessitates consideration of other chronic conditions that frequently co-occur. We sought to understand the extent to which arthritis therapists consider type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when treating persons with knee OA and concomitant T2DM, and barriers to doing so. METHODS We conducted 18 semistructured telephone interviews with arthritis therapists working within a provincially funded arthritis care program (Arthritis Society Canada) in Ontario, Canada. We first analyzed interviews deductively using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to comprehensively identify barriers and enablers to health behaviors. Then, within TDF domains, we inductively developed themes. RESULTS We identified 5 TDF domains as prominently influencing the behavior of arthritis therapists considering concomitant T2DM when developing a knee OA management plan. These were as follows: therapists' perceived lack of specific knowledge around comorbidities including diabetes; the lack of breadth in skills in behavioral change techniques to help patients set and reach their goals, particularly when it came to physical activity; variable intention to factor a patient's comorbidity profile to influence their treatment recommendations; the perception of their professional role and identity as joint focused; and the environmental context with lack of formalized follow-up structure of the current Arthritis Society Canada program that limited sufficient patient monitoring and follow-up. CONCLUSION Within the context of a Canadian arthritis program, we identified several barriers to arthritis therapists considering T2DM in their management plan for persons with knee OA and T2DM. These results can help inform strategies to improve person-centered OA care and overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K King
- L.K. King, MD, MSc, G.A. Hawker, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital
| | - Esther J Waugh
- E.J. Waugh, PhD, BScPT, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto
| | - Crystal MacKay
- C. MacKay, PhD, BScPT, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, and West Park Healthcare Centre
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- I. Stanaitis, BMSc, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital
| | | | - Jane Stretton
- J. Stretton, MSW, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital
| | - Susan Ross
- S. Ross, MSc, Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program, Arthritis Society Canada
| | - Shawn Brady
- S. Brady, MSc, BScPT, Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Program & Innovation, Arthritis Society Canada
| | - Alanna Weisman
- A. Weisman, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- L. Lipscombe, MD, MSc, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- L.K. King, MD, MSc, G.A. Hawker, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital
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King LK, Krystia O, Waugh EJ, MacKay C, Stanaitis I, Stretton J, Weisman A, Ivers NM, Parsons JA, Lipscombe L, Hawker GA. Understanding the behavioural determinants of seeking and engaging in care for knee osteoarthritis in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2022; 4:100305. [PMID: 36474800 PMCID: PMC9718122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) frequently co-occurs in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the context of T2DM, OA is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. To elucidate strategies to improve OA care in persons with T2DM, we assessed their perceptions of the barriers and enablers to seeking and engaging in OA care. Design We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 individuals with T2DM and symptomatic knee OA in Ontario, Canada. Transcripts were deductively coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), an implementation science framework that incorporates theoretical domains of behaviour determinants, which can be linked to behaviour change techniques. Within each of the relevant domains, data were thematically analyzed to generate belief statements. Results Seven of the TDF domains prominently influenced the behaviour to seek and engage in OA care. Participants described insufficient receipt of OA knowledge to fully engage in care (knowledge), feeling incapable of participating in physical activity due to joint pain (beliefs about capabilities), uncertainty about effectiveness of therapies (optimism) and lack of guidance from health care providers and insufficient access to community programs/supports (environmental context and resources). Key enablers were strong social support (social influences), sources of accountability (behavioural regulation) and experiencing benefit from treatment (reinforcement). Participants did not see concomitant T2DM as limiting the desire to seek OA care. Conclusions Among individuals with symptomatic knee OA and T2DM, we identified behavioural determinants of seeking and engaging in OA care. These will be mapped to behavioural change techniques to inform development of a complex intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Owen Krystia
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther J. Waugh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal MacKay
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah M. Ivers
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet A. Parsons
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital – Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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King LK, Krystia O, Waugh EJ, MacKay C, Stanaitis I, Stretton J, Weisman A, Ivers NM, Parsons JA, Lipscombe L, Hawker GA. Barriers and enablers to health care providers assessment and treatment of knee osteoarthritis in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2022; 4:100299. [PMID: 36474789 PMCID: PMC9718241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) commonly co-exists in persons with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and may impede diabetes self-management. Yet, OA is often underdiagnosed and undertreated due to competing health care demands. We sought to determine healthcare providers' (HCPs') perceptions of the barriers and enablers to assessing and treating knee OA in persons with T2DM. Design We conducted 18 semi-structured telephone interviews with HCPs who manage persons with T2DM (family physicians, endocrinologists, diabetes educators). Interviews were analyzed deductively using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a framework developed to comprehensively identify behavioural determinants. Within relevant domains, data were thematically analyzed to generate belief statements, and these were compared across the different HCP disciplines. Results Six TDF domains influenced HCPs behaviour to assess and treat knee OA in persons with T2DM. For all HCPs, important barriers included not seeing assessment/treatment of joint pain as a priority for their patients (intention), and insufficient access to required resources such as physiotherapy to treat OA (environmental context and resources). Endocrinologists and diabetes educators perceived having insufficient knowledge and skills to identify and manage OA (knowledge, skills), did not consider it within their professional role to do so (professional role and identity), and perceived other physicians would not want to receive a referral for OA care (social influences). Conclusions We identified barriers and enablers encountered by diabetes HCPs to assessing and treating knee OA in persons with T2DM involving multiple domains of the TDF. These will help inform development of a complex intervention to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Owen Krystia
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther J. Waugh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal MacKay
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah M. Ivers
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet A. Parsons
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital – Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Noorduyn JCA, van de Graaf VA, Willigenburg NW, Scholten-Peeters GGM, Kret EJ, van Dijk RA, Buchbinder R, Hawker GA, Coppieters MW, Poolman RW. Effect of Physical Therapy vs Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy in People With Degenerative Meniscal Tears: Five-Year Follow-up of the ESCAPE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2220394. [PMID: 35802374 PMCID: PMC9270699 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of high-quality evidence about the long-term effects (ie, 3-5 years and beyond) of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy vs exercise-based physical therapy for patients with degenerative meniscal tears. OBJECTIVES To compare the 5-year effectiveness of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and exercise-based physical therapy on patient-reported knee function and progression of knee osteoarthritis in patients with a degenerative meniscal tear. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A noninferiority, multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in the orthopedic departments of 9 hospitals in the Netherlands. A total of 321 patients aged 45 to 70 years with a degenerative meniscal tear participated. Data collection took place between July 12, 2013, and December 4, 2020. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly allocated to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy or 16 sessions of exercise-based physical therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was patient-reported knee function (International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (range, 0 [worst] to 100 [best]) during 5 years of follow-up based on the intention-to-treat principle, with a noninferiority threshold of 11 points. The secondary outcome was progression in knee osteoarthritis shown on radiographic images in both treatment groups. RESULTS Of 321 patients (mean [SD] age, 58 [6.6] years; 161 women [50.2%]), 278 patients (87.1%) completed the 5-year follow-up with a mean follow-up time of 61.8 months (range, 58.8-69.5 months). From baseline to 5-year follow-up, the mean (SD) improvement was 29.6 (18.7) points in the surgery group and 25.1 (17.8) points in the physical therapy group. The crude between-group difference was 3.5 points (95% CI, 0.7-6.3 points; P < .001 for noninferiority). The 95% CI did not exceed the noninferiority threshold of 11 points. Comparable rates of progression of radiographic-demonstrated knee osteoarthritis were noted between both treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this noninferiority randomized clinical trial after 5 years, exercise-based physical therapy remained noninferior to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for patient-reported knee function. Physical therapy should therefore be the preferred treatment over surgery for degenerative meniscal tears. These results can assist in the development and updating of current guideline recommendations about treatment for patients with a degenerative meniscal tear. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01850719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. A. Noorduyn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor A. van de Graaf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke W. Willigenburg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G. M. Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther J. Kret
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash-Cabrini Department of Musculoskeletal Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel W. Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane & Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rudolf W. Poolman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Davis AM, King LK, Stanaitis I, Hawker GA. Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: outcome evaluation with patient-reported measures and functional tests. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:775-785. [PMID: 34534660 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating outcome in osteoarthritis (OA) clinical research and practice requires reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and functional tests that reflect important problems experienced by people with OA. The goal of this work is to provide information to start to guide the reader in selecting measures for people with OA. In this narrative review, we begin by providing an overview of measurement properties that can help clinicians and researchers in making decisions about whether a measure might be appropriate for use in their research or clinical context. We then report evidence supporting the use of measures of pain (e.g., Pain Visual Analogue (VAS), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain, PROMIS Pain Interference, and, for screening in research, the painDETECT and the Self-report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs) and fatigue (e.g., PROMIS-Fatigue) at a group level in clinical research. Several multi-dimensional joint-specific measures (e.g., Western Ontario McMaster Universities' Osteoarthritis Outcomes Scale, Knee/Hip Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip/Knee Scale) also have evidence for group-level use. Functional tests (e.g., timed walk tests, 30 Second Chair Stand, Timed Up and Go, etc.) have measurement properties supporting their use at the group level in clinical research and at the individual patient level as do the pain VAS and NPRS. Other generic and disease-specific PROMs have been used in or could be used in OA studies but their measurement properties require further evaluation in people with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Davis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - L K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - G A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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16
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Pattani R, Burns KEA, Lorens E, Straus SE, Hawker GA. Effect of race, gender identity, and their intersection on career satisfaction: A cross-sectional survey of academic physicians. Med Teach 2022; 44:614-621. [PMID: 35048748 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.2014799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ensuring a representative workforce is a matter of equity and social justice and has implications for patient care and population health. We examined the relationship of the binary gender identity and race of physicians who felt comfortable to self-identify, with workplace experiences and career satisfaction in academic medicine. METHODS The outcome of interest of a cross-sectional survey of full-time clinical faculty members within the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, was physician's self-reported career satisfaction. Using logistic regression, we examined relationships of binary gender identity (female/male) and race [under-represented minority (URM) versus over-represented in medicine (ORM)] to: workplace experiences (respectful interactions, perception of having to work harder, exclusion from social networks, witnessing/experiencing unprofessionalism, and confidence in taking action to address incivility without reprisal); and career satisfaction, controlling for age, rank, protected time, and workplace experiences. RESULTS Female gender and URM status were associated with younger age, lower rank, and less positive workplace experiences. 132 respondents (44.4%) strongly agreed they had career satisfaction. Compared with ORM men, career satisfaction was significantly lower for URM and ORM female physicians (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.65, and 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.85, respectively) and non-significantly lower for URM male physicians (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.32-1.19). Adjustment for academic rank and workplace experiences fully attenuated these relationships. CONCLUSIONS URM female academic physicians had lower career satisfaction than their ORM male counterparts, largely explained by systematic differences in workplace experiences, particularly perceptions of exclusion from social networks and having to work harder to be perceived as legitimate scholars. This suggests a role for institutions and leaders to build inclusive, anti-racist, and anti-oppressive cultures to support the flourishing of all faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Pattani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen E A Burns
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edmund Lorens
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Hawker GA, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Jones CA, Noseworthy T, Marshall DA. The Effect of Patient Age and Surgical Appropriateness and Their Influence on Surgeon Recommendations for Primary TKA: A Cross-Sectional Study of 2,037 Patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:700-708. [PMID: 35226616 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rates in younger patients raises concern about appropriateness. We asked: are younger individuals who seek consultation for TKA less likely to be appropriate for and, controlling for appropriateness, more likely to be recommended for surgery? METHODS This cross-sectional study was nested within a prospective cohort study of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients referred for TKA from 2014 to 2016 to centralized arthroplasty centers in Alberta, Canada. Pre-consultation, questionnaires assessed patients' TKA appropriateness (need, based on knee symptoms and prior treatment; readiness/willingness to undergo TKA; health status; and expectations) and contextual factors (for example, employment). Post-consultation, surgeons confirmed study eligibility and reported their TKA recommendation. Using generalized estimating equations to control for clustering by surgeon, we assessed relationships between patient age (<50, 50 to 59, ≥60 years) and TKA appropriateness and receipt of a surgeon TKA recommendation. RESULTS Of 2,037 participants, 3.3% and 22.7% were <50 and 50 to 59 years of age, respectively, 58.7% were female, and 35.5% were employed. Compared with older participants, younger participants reported significantly worse knee symptoms, higher use of OA therapies, higher TKA readiness, and similar willingness, but had higher body mass index and were more likely to smoke and to consider the ability to participate in vigorous activities, for example, sports, as very important TKA outcomes. TKA was offered to 1,500 individuals (73.6% overall; 52.2%, 71.0%, and 75.4% of those <50, 50 to 59, and ≥60 years, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the odds of receiving a TKA recommendation were higher with greater TKA need and willingness, in nonsmokers, and in those who indicated that improved ability to go upstairs and to straighten the leg were very important TKA outcomes. Controlling for TKA appropriateness, patient age was not associated with surgeons' TKA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Younger individuals with knee OA referred for TKA had similar or greater TKA need, readiness, and willingness than older individuals. Incorporation of TKA appropriateness criteria into TKA decision-making may facilitate consideration of TKA benefits and risks in a growing population of young, obese individuals with knee OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Younger people seeking TKA for knee OA had significant OA pain and disability despite recommended OA therapies, suggesting appropriateness for surgical consideration. However, they were significantly more likely to have morbid obesity, to smoke, and to consider return to vigorous activities, like sport, as important TKA outcomes. Whether the short- and longer-term risks of TKA are outweighed by the benefits is unclear and warrants additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Bohm
- Concordia Hip & Knee Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael J Dunbar
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Noseworthy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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King LK, Hawker GA, Stanaitis I, Woodhouse L, Jones CA, Waugh EJ. Minimal clinically important difference for improvement in six-minute walk test in persons with knee osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:307. [PMID: 35361173 PMCID: PMC8969367 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interpretability of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. We aimed to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for improvement in 6MWT in persons with knee OA at 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and if it differed by baseline walking ability. METHODS Participants with knee OA were assessed 1 month pre- and 12 months post-TKA, including completion of 6MWT. At 12 months, participant-perceived change in walking ability was assessed on an 8-point Likert scale ranging from "extremely worse" to "extremely better". Using logistic regression, ROC curves examined the ability of change in 6MWT distance to discriminate those who perceived walking was improved. MCID was selected overall and then by quartile of baseline 6MWT distance using the Youden method. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-eight participants were included: mean age 67 years (SD 8.5), 65.5% female, mean pre-TKA 6MWT distance 323.1 (SD 104.7) m, and mean 12-mo 6MWT distance 396.0 (SD 111.9) m. The overall MCID was 74.3 m (AUC 0.65). Acceptable model discrimination (AUC > 0.70) was achieved for individuals in the lowest quartiles of baseline 6MWT distance: Quartile 1: MCID 88.63 m (AUC 0.73); Quartile 2: MCID 84.47 m (AUC 0.72). CONCLUSIONS In persons with knee OA 12 months post-TKA, 6MWT MCID is dependent on baseline walking ability. Poor model discrimination for those in the highest (best) quartiles of baseline walking ability raise questions about 6MWT use across the full spectrum of walking ability. Further research is needed to better understand use of 6MWT as a performance-based measure of physical function for persons with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada. .,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 6307 - 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada.
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 6307 - 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 6307 - 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Linda Woodhouse
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - Esther J Waugh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 6307 - 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
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19
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Weisman A, Hawker GA. Authors' response. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 52:151931. [PMID: 34972596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, ON, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hawker GA, Lohmander LS. What an earlier recognition of osteoarthritis can do for OA prevention. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1632-1634. [PMID: 34461227 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L S Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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21
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da Costa BR, Pereira TV, Saadat P, Rudnicki M, Iskander SM, Bodmer NS, Bobos P, Gao L, Kiyomoto HD, Montezuma T, Almeida MO, Cheng PS, Hincapié CA, Hari R, Sutton AJ, Tugwell P, Hawker GA, Jüni P. Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: network meta-analysis. BMJ 2021; 375:n2321. [PMID: 34642179 PMCID: PMC8506236 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of different preparations and doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and paracetamol for knee and hip osteoarthritis pain and physical function to enable effective and safe use of these drugs at their lowest possible dose. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, regulatory agency websites, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 28 June 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised trials published in English with ≥100 patients per group that evaluated NSAIDs, opioids, or paracetamol (acetaminophen) to treat osteoarthritis. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prespecified primary outcome was pain. Physical function and safety outcomes were also assessed. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently extracted outcomes data and evaluated the risk of bias of included trials. Bayesian random effects models were used for network meta-analysis of all analyses. Effect estimates are comparisons between active treatments and oral placebo. RESULTS 192 trials comprising 102 829 participants examined 90 different active preparations or doses (68 for NSAIDs, 19 for opioids, and three for paracetamol). Five oral preparations (diclofenac 150 mg/day, etoricoxib 60 and 90 mg/day, and rofecoxib 25 and 50 mg/day) had ≥99% probability of more pronounced treatment effects than the minimal clinically relevant reduction in pain. Topical diclofenac (70-81 and 140-160 mg/day) had ≥92.3% probability, and all opioids had ≤53% probability of more pronounced treatment effects than the minimal clinically relevant reduction in pain. 18.5%, 0%, and 83.3% of the oral NSAIDs, topical NSAIDs, and opioids, respectively, had an increased risk of dropouts due to adverse events. 29.8%, 0%, and 89.5% of oral NSAIDs, topical NSAIDs, and opioids, respectively, had an increased risk of any adverse event. Oxymorphone 80 mg/day had the highest risk of dropouts due to adverse events (51%) and any adverse event (88%). CONCLUSIONS Etoricoxib 60 mg/day and diclofenac 150 mg/day seem to be the most effective oral NSAIDs for pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis. However, these treatments are probably not appropriate for patients with comorbidities or for long term use because of the slight increase in the risk of adverse events. Additionally, an increased risk of dropping out due to adverse events was found for diclofenac 150 mg/day. Topical diclofenac 70-81 mg/day seems to be effective and generally safer because of reduced systemic exposure and lower dose, and should be considered as first line pharmacological treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The clinical benefit of opioid treatment, regardless of preparation or dose, does not outweigh the harm it might cause in patients with osteoarthritis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO number CRD42020213656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R da Costa
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiago V Pereira
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pakeezah Saadat
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Rudnicki
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samir M Iskander
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas S Bodmer
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavlos Bobos
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Li Gao
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Thais Montezuma
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus O Almeida
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Master Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pai-Shan Cheng
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cesar A Hincapié
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Hari
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex J Sutton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Perkins BA, Hawker GA. Allopurinol adherence, persistence and patterns of use in individuals with diabetes and gout: A retrospective, population-based cohort analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:1162-1169. [PMID: 34555659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been growing interest in the potential role for allopurinol to reduce cardiovascular events in people with diabetes. While adherence to allopurinol is poor in those with gout, our aim was to characterize persistence, patterns of use, and predictors of allopurinol use in a population-based cohort of individuals with diabetes and gout. METHODS Individuals with diabetes older than 66 (thus eligible for prescription medication coverage) and newly prescribed allopurinol were followed for up to three years in a retrospective cohort study. Allopurinol use patterns were categorized as adherer (used continuously throughout follow-up), interrupter (non-persistent but subsequently resumed), or discontinuer (non-persistent with no subsequent resumption). Main outcomes were allopurinol non-persistence (no subsequent prescription accounting for a grace period), and indicators of gout severity throughout follow-up (prescriptions for prednisone or colchicine, outpatient gout visits, hospitalization/emergency department visits for gout). Outcome frequencies were determined, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model evaluated associations between predictors and non-persistence, and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models evaluated associations between allopurinol use pattern and indicators of gout severity. RESULTS 22,056 individuals were followed for a maximum of 3.0 years (17,410 with 3 years of follow-up). 9092 (41.2%) were non-persistent with allopurinol. Higher risks of non-persistence were associated with female sex (HR, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.23-1.33), dementia (1.23, 1.11-1.35), and an outpatient visit for gout in the prior year (1.19, 1.09-1.29). There were 12,964 (58.8%) allopurinol adherers, 4618 interrupters (20.9%), and 4474 (20.3%) discontinuers. Allopurinol interrupters and discontinuers had indicators of more severe gout over time compared to adherers, including greater odds of being prescribed prednisone. CONCLUSION Allopurinol non-persistence and interruptions were frequent in individuals with diabetes and gout and were associated with prescriptions for prednisone. Suboptimal allopurinol adherence may not only increase the risk of gout complications in this population but also potentially diabetes complications through greater prednisone use and its negative effects on glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, ON, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, ON, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, ON, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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King LK, Waugh EJ, Jones CA, Bohm E, Dunbar M, Woodhouse L, Noseworthy T, Marshall DA, Hawker GA. Comorbidities do not limit improvement in pain and physical function after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: the BEST-Knee prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047061. [PMID: 34145017 PMCID: PMC8215258 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between comorbidities and amount of improvement in pain and physical function in recipients of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Two provincial central intake hip and knee centres in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 1051 participants (278 in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) subset), ≥30 years of age with primary knee OA referred for consultation regarding elective primary TKA; assessed 1 month prior and 12 months after TKA. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Pre-post TKA change in knee OA pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)), physical function (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Physical Function Short-Form) and 6MWT walking distance; and the reporting of an acceptable symptom state (Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS)) at 12 months after TKA. RESULTS Mean participant age was 67 years (SD 8.8), 59% were female and 85% reported at least one comorbidity. Individuals with a higher number of comorbidities had worse pre-TKA and post-TKA scores for pain, physical function and 6MWT distance. At 12-month follow-up, mean changes in pain, function and 6MWT distance, and proportion reporting a PASS, were similar for those with and without comorbidities. In multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders and clustering by surgeon, no specific comorbidities nor total number of comorbidities were associated with less improvement in pain, physical function or 6MWT distance at 12 months after TKA. Patients with diabetes (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94) and a higher number of lower extremity troublesome joints (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) had lower odds of reporting a PASS. CONCLUSION For individuals with knee OA, comorbid conditions do not limit improvement in pain, physical function or walking ability after TKA, and most conditions do not impact achieving an acceptable symptom state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K King
- Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther J Waugh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Bohm
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Dunbar
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Woodhouse
- School of Physiotherapy & Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Noseworthy
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Weisman A, Hawker GA, Tomlinson GA. Response to: 'Effectiveness of allopurinol on reducing mortality: Time-related biases in observational studies'. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2348-2349. [PMID: 34105313 DOI: 10.1002/art.41886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We read with great interest the manuscript by Suissa et al that reviewed observational studies of the association between allopurinol and mortality in individuals with gout (1). Suissa describes immeasurable time bias as time periods during which prescription medication records are not available (e.g. hospitalizations), leading to at-risk time being potentially misclassified as unexposed-time. Suissa recommends accounting for the possibility of immeasurable time bias by evaluating hospitalizations during follow-up or using an analytic approach that is weighted by measurable time (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Carlesso LC, Hawker GA, Torner J, Lewis CE, Nevitt M, Neogi T. Association of Intermittent and Constant Knee Pain Patterns With Knee Pain Severity and With Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis Duration and Severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:788-793. [PMID: 32198833 PMCID: PMC7502437 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relation of knee pain patterns to pain severity and to radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) severity and duration. METHODS The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a longitudinal cohort of older adults with or at risk of knee OA. Participants' Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) scores were characterized as 1) no intermittent or constant pain, 2) intermittent pain only, 3) constant pain only, and 4) a combination of constant and intermittent pain. Knee pain severity was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale and a visual analog scale (VAS). Radiographic knee OA (ROA) severity was defined as Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2, and ROA duration was defined according to the clinic visit at which ROA was first noted. We assessed the relation of ICOAP pain patterns to knee pain severity, ROA severity, and ROA duration using regression models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS There were 2,322 participants (mean age 68.8 years, body mass index 31.0 kg/m2 , 60% female). Higher ICOAP pain patterns, i.e., a mix of constant and intermittent pain, were associated with greater WOMAC pain severity compared with those patients without either pain pattern (odds ratio [OR] 43.2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 26.4-61.3]). Results were similar for the VAS (OR 71.2 [95% CI 45.7-110.9]). Those patients with more severe and longer duration of ROA were more likely to have a mix of constant and intermittent pain compared with those without either pain (OR 3.7 [95% CI 3.1-4.6] and OR 2.9 [95% CI 2.5-3.5], respectively). CONCLUSION Knee pain patterns are associated with radiographic disease stage and duration, as well as pain severity, highlighting the fact that pain patterns are important for understanding symptomatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto, and Senior Scientist Women’s College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario,Canada
| | - James Torner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Division of Preventive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Nevitt
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hawker GA, King LK. Editorial: Furthering the Links between Osteoarthritis and Other Health Conditions. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3964-3965. [PMID: 33970226 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hawker GA, Ravi B, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Jones CA, Dick D, Paul P, Conner-Spady BL, Noseworthy T, Faris P, Powell J, Marshall DA. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1947-1948. [PMID: 33844451 DOI: 10.1002/art.41764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Bohm
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael J Dunbar
- Dalhousie University and QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Donald Dick
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paulose Paul
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Garg AX, Perkins BA, Cherney DZI, Hawker GA. Allopurinol and Renal Outcomes in Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Population-Based Cohort Study and Propensity Score Analysis. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:641-649.e4. [PMID: 33714662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated uric acid (UA) is common in diabetes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lowering UA with allopurinol may delay CKD progression. We assessed the association between allopurinol and renal outcomes in older adults both with and without diabetes, and whether this differed by diabetes status. METHODS We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of older adults ≥66 years of age with a gout flare using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was doubling of creatinine or kidney failure. Secondary outcomes were a composite of death or kidney failure, decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate by >30%, death and kidney failure. New allopurinol users were compared with nonusers using Cox proportional hazards models and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). An interaction between allopurinol use and presence or absence of diabetes was assessed. RESULTS Among 5,937 older adults with a gout flare (1,911 with diabetes), 1,304 (22%) were newly treated with allopurinol. Median follow-up time was 1.11 (interquartile range, 0.33 to 3.21) years for allopurinol users and 3.38 (interquartile range, 1.42 to 4.43) years for nonusers. There was no association between allopurinol use and the primary outcome (IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.31), and this did not differ by diabetes status. Allopurinol use was not associated with any of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Allopurinol use was not associated with renal outcomes in older adults with or without diabetes. This supports the interpretation of UA as a biomarker of CKD risk rather than a modifiable target for prevention or treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto General, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hawker GA, Conner-Spady BL, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Jones CA, Ravi B, Noseworthy T, Woodhouse LJ, Peter F, Dick D, Powell J, Paul P, Marshall DA. The Relationship between Patient-Reported Readiness for Total Knee Arthroplasty and Likelihood of a Good Outcome at One Year. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:1374-1383. [PMID: 33460528 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between patients' pre-operative readiness for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and surgical outcome at one-year. METHODS This prospective cohort study recruited knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients aged 30+ years referred for TKA at two hip/knee surgery centers in Alberta, Canada. Those who received primary, unilateral TKA completed questionnaires pre-TKA to assess WOMAC-pain, KOOS-physical function, Perceived Arthritis Coping Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy, PHQ-8, BMI, comorbidities and TKA readiness (Patient Acceptable Symptom State; willingness to undergo TKA), and one-year post-TKA to assess outcomes. A good TKA outcome was defined as improved knee symptoms (OARSI-OMERACT responder criteria) AND overall satisfaction with results. Poisson regression with robust error estimation was used to estimate relative risk of a good outcome for exposures, before and after controlling for covariates. RESULTS Of 1,272 TKA recipients assessed at one year, 1,053 with data for our outcome were included (mean age 66.9 years (SD 8.8); 58.6% female). Most (87.8%) were definitely willing to undergo TKA and had 'unacceptable' knee symptoms (79.7%). 78.1% achieved a good TKA outcome. Controlling for pre-TKA OA-related disability, arthritis coping efficacy, comorbid hip symptoms and depressed mood, definite willingness to undergo TKA and unacceptable knee symptoms were associated with greater likelihood of a good TKA outcome (adjusted RRs 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.35, and 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27, respectively). CONCLUSION Among TKA recipients for knee OA, patients' psychological readiness and willingness for TKA were associated greater likelihood of a good outcome. Incorporation of these factors in TKA decision-making may enhance patient outcomes and appropriate use of TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eric Bohm
- Concordia Hip & Knee Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael J Dunbar
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bheeshma Ravi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Noseworthy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Linda J Woodhouse
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Physiotherapy & Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Faris Peter
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donald Dick
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James Powell
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paulose Paul
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hawker GA, Conner‐Spady BL, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Jones CA, Ravi B, Noseworthy T, Dick D, Powell J, Paul P, Marshall DA. Patients’ Preoperative Expectations of Total Knee Arthroplasty and Satisfaction With Outcomes at One Year: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:223-231. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Bohm
- Concordia Hip & Knee Institute and University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Michael J. Dunbar
- Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre Nova Scotia Health Authority Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | | | - Tom Noseworthy
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Donald Dick
- University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - James Powell
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine Calgary Alberta Canada
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Widdifield J, Jaakkimainen RL, Gatley JM, Hawker GA, Lix LM, Bernatsky S, Ravi B, Wasserstein D, Yu B, Tu K. Validation of canadian health administrative data algorithms for estimating trends in the incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open 2020; 2:100115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Reichenbach S, Felson DT, Hincapié CA, Heldner S, Bütikofer L, Lenz A, da Costa BR, Bonel HM, Jones RK, Hawker GA, Jüni P. Effect of Biomechanical Footwear on Knee Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: The BIOTOK Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 323:1802-1812. [PMID: 32396180 PMCID: PMC7218497 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Individually calibrated biomechanical footwear therapy may improve pain and physical function in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, but the benefits of this therapy are unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a biomechanical footwear therapy vs control footwear over 24 weeks of follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial conducted at a Swiss university hospital. Participants (N = 220) with symptomatic, radiologically confirmed knee osteoarthritis were recruited between April 20, 2015, and January 10, 2017. The last participant visit occurred on August 15, 2017. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to biomechanical footwear involving shoes with individually adjustable external convex pods attached to the outsole (n = 111) or to control footwear (n = 109) that had visible outsole pods that were not adjustable and did not create a convex walking surface. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was knee pain at 24 weeks of follow-up assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscore standardized to range from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (extreme symptoms). The secondary outcomes included WOMAC physical function and stiffness subscores and the WOMAC global score, all ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 10 (extreme symptoms) at 24 weeks of follow-up, and serious adverse events. RESULTS Among the 220 randomized participants (mean age, 65.2 years [SD, 9.3 years]; 104 women [47.3%]), 219 received the allocated treatment and 213 (96.8%) completed follow-up. At 24 weeks of follow-up, the mean standardized WOMAC pain subscore improved from 4.3 to 1.3 in the biomechanical footwear group and from 4.0 to 2.6 in the control footwear group (between-group difference in scores at 24 weeks of follow-up, -1.3 [95% CI, -1.8 to -0.9]; P < .001). The results were consistent for WOMAC physical function subscore (between-group difference, -1.1 [95% CI, -1.5 to -0.7]), WOMAC stiffness subscore (between-group difference, -1.4 [95% CI, -1.9 to -0.9]), and WOMAC global score (between-group difference, -1.2 [95% CI, -1.6 to -0.8]) at 24 weeks of follow-up. Three serious adverse events occurred in the biomechanical footwear group compared with 9 in the control footwear group (2.7% vs 8.3%, respectively); none were related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among participants with knee pain from osteoarthritis, use of biomechanical footwear compared with control footwear resulted in an improvement in pain at 24 weeks of follow-up that was statistically significant but of uncertain clinical importance. Further research would be needed to assess long-term efficacy and safety, as well as replication, before reaching conclusions about the clinical value of this device. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02363712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reichenbach
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David T. Felson
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cesar A. Hincapié
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Heldner
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Armando Lenz
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno R. da Costa
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harald M. Bonel
- Department for Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard K. Jones
- Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Andriacchi TP, Griffin TM, Loeser RF, Chu CR, Roos EM, Hawker GA, Erhart-Hledik JC, Fischer AG. Bridging Disciplines as a pathway to Finding New Solutions for Osteoarthritis a collaborative program presented at the 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open 2020; 2:100026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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MacKay C, Hawker GA, Jaglal SB. How Do Physical Therapists Approach Management of People With Early Knee Osteoarthritis? A Qualitative Study. Phys Ther 2020; 100:295-306. [PMID: 31722426 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability. There is increasing emphasis on initiating treatment earlier in the disease. Physical therapists are central to the management of OA through the delivery of exercise programs. There is a paucity of research on physical therapists' perceptions and clinical behaviors related to early knee OA management. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore how physical therapists approached management of early knee OA, with a focus on evidence-based strategies. This is an important first step to begin to optimize care by physical therapists for this population. DESIGN We used a qualitative, descriptive research design. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 33 physical therapists working with people with knee symptoms and/or diagnosed knee OA in community or outpatient settings in Canada. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Five main themes were constructed: (1) Physical therapists' experience and training: clinical experiences and continuing professional development informed clinical decision-making. (2) Tailoring treatment from the physical therapist "toolbox:" participants described their toolbox of therapeutic interventions, highlighting the importance of tailoring treatments to people. (3) The central role of exercise and physical activity in management: exercise was consistently recommended by participants. (4) Variability in support for weight management: there was variation related to how participants addressed weight management. (5) Facilitating "buy-in" to management: physical therapists used a range of strategies to gain "buy-in." LIMITATIONS Participants were recruited through a professional association specializing in orthopedic physical therapy and worked an average of 21 years. CONCLUSIONS Participants' accounts emphasized tailoring of interventions, particularly exercises, which is an evidence-based strategy for OA. Findings illuminated variations in management that warrant further exploration to optimize early intervention (eg, weight management, behavior change techniques).
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal MacKay
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and West Park Healthcare Centre, 82 Buttonwood Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M6M 2J5, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto
| | - Susan B Jaglal
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto; and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto
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King LK, Marshall DA, Faris P, Woodhouse LJ, Jones CA, Noseworthy T, Bohm E, Dunbar MJ, Hawker GA. Use of Recommended Non-surgical Knee Osteoarthritis Management in Patients prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-sectional Study. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:1253-1260. [PMID: 31732554 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess prior use of core recommended non-surgical treatment among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to assess potential patient-level correlates of underuse, if found. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of patients undergoing TKA for primary knee OA at 2 provincial central intake hip and knee clinics in Alberta, Canada. Standardized questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, social support, coexisting medical conditions, OA symptoms and coping, and previous non-surgical management. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the patient-level variables independently associated with receipt of recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment, defined as prior use of pharmacotherapy for pain, rehabilitation strategies (exercise or physiotherapy), and weight loss if overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2). RESULTS There were 1273 patients included: mean age 66.9 years (SD 8.7), 39.9% male, and 44.1% had less than post-secondary education. Recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment had been used by 59.7% of patients. In multivariable modeling, the odds of having received recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment were significantly and independently lower among individuals who were older (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99), male (OR 0.33, 0.25-0.45), and who lacked post-secondary education (OR 0.70, 0.53-0.93). CONCLUSION In a large cross-sectional analysis of knee OA patients scheduled for TKA, 40% of individuals reported having not received core recommended non-surgical treatments. Older individuals, men, and those with less education had lower odds of having used recommended non-surgical OA treatments.
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Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Perkins BA, Hawker GA. Authors' reply to: "The role of long-term effects of allopurinol on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in diabetes". Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2181-2182. [PMID: 31111997 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hawker GA. Osteoarthritis is a serious disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019; 37 Suppl 120:3-6. [PMID: 31621562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting 1 in 3 people over age 65 and women more so than men. The prevalence of OA is rising due, in part, to the increasing prevalence of OA risk factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, and joint injury. OA-related joint pain causes functional limitations, poor sleep, fatigue, depressed mood and loss of independence. Compared to age and sex-matched peers, OA patients incur higher out of pocket health-related expenditures and substantial costs due to lost productivity. Most people with OA (59-87%) have at least one other chronic condition, especially cardiometabolic conditions. Symptomatic OA may impair the ability of people with cardiometabolic conditions to exercise and lose weight, resulting in increased risk for poor outcomes. People with OA and other chonic conditions are less likely to receive a diagnosis or recommended treatment. Further, in these individuals the most effective and safest treatment is physical activity/exercise coupled with self-management strategies, which is only moderately effective. Given the already high, and growing, burden of OA, enhanced effort is required to identify better - more effective and safe - treatments for the majority of people with OA who are living with other chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Smith TO, Mansfield M, Hawker GA, Hunter DJ, March LM, Boers M, Shea BJ, Christensen R, Guillemin F, Terwee CB, Williamson PR, Roos EM, Loeser RF, Schnitzer TJ, Kloppenburg M, Neogi T, Ladel CH, Kalsi G, Kaiser U, Buttel TW, Ashford AE, Mobasheri A, Arden NK, Tennant A, Hochberg MC, de Wit M, Tugwell P, Conaghan PG. Uptake of the OMERACT-OARSI Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis Core Outcome Set: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials from 1997 to 2017. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:976-980. [PMID: 30824657 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the uptake of the OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology- Osteoarthritis Research Society International) core outcome set (COS) domains in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA) trials. METHODS There were 382 trials of hip and/or knee OA identified from the ClinicalTrial.gov registry from 1997 to 2017. Frequency of COS adoption was assessed by year and per 5-yearly phases. RESULTS COS adoption decreased from 61% between 1997 and 2001 to 38% between 2012 and 2016. Pain (95%) and physical function (86%) were most consistently adopted. Patient's global assessment (48%) was the principal missing domain. CONCLUSION Limited adoption of the COS domains indicates that further consideration to improve uptake is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby O Smith
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Michael Mansfield
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - David J Hunter
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Lyn M March
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Maarten Boers
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Beverley J Shea
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Robin Christensen
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Francis Guillemin
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Paula R Williamson
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ewa M Roos
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Richard F Loeser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Thomas J Schnitzer
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Christoph H Ladel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Gurdyal Kalsi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ulrike Kaiser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Thomas W Buttel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Anne E Ashford
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Nigel K Arden
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Alan Tennant
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Maarten de Wit
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Peter Tugwell
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford; School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Inner West Psychology; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; M. Mansfield, MSc, Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy, School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope and Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritus Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds BRC.
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Smith TO, Hawker GA, Hunter DJ, March LM, Boers M, Shea BJ, Christensen R, Guillemin F, Terwee CB, Williamson PR, Dodd S, Roos EM, Loeser RF, Schnitzer TJ, Kloppenburg M, Neogi T, Ladel CH, Kalsi G, Kaiser U, Buttel TW, Ashford AE, Mobasheri A, Arden NK, Tennant A, Hochberg MC, de Wit M, Tugwell P, Conaghan PG. The OMERACT-OARSI Core Domain Set for Measurement in Clinical Trials of Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:981-989. [PMID: 30647185 PMCID: PMC10753652 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update the 1997 OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International) core domain set for clinical trials in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS An initial review of the COMET database of core outcome sets (COS) was undertaken to identify all domains reported in previous COS including individuals with hip and/or knee OA. These were presented during 5 patient and health professionals/researcher meetings in 3 continents (Europe, Australasia, North America). A 3-round international Delphi survey was then undertaken among patients, healthcare professionals, researchers, and industry representatives to gain consensus on key domains to be included in a core domain set for hip and/or knee OA. Findings were presented and discussed in small groups at OMERACT 2018, where consensus was obtained in the final plenary. RESULTS Four previous COS were identified. Using these, and the patient and health professionals/researcher meetings, 50 potential domains formed the Delphi survey. There were 426 individuals from 25 different countries who contributed to the Delphi exercise. OMERACT 2018 delegates (n = 129) voted on candidate domains. Six domains gained agreement as mandatory to be measured and reported in all hip and/or knee OA clinical trials: pain, physical function, quality of life, and patient's global assessment of the target joint, in addition to the mandated core domain of adverse events including mortality. Joint structure was agreed as mandatory in specific circumstances, i.e., depending on the intervention. CONCLUSION The updated core domain set for hip and/or knee OA has been agreed upon. Work will commence to determine which outcome measurement instrument should be recommended to cover each core domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby O Smith
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - David J Hunter
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Lyn M March
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Maarten Boers
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Beverley J Shea
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Robin Christensen
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Francis Guillemin
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Paula R Williamson
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Susanna Dodd
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ewa M Roos
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Richard F Loeser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Thomas J Schnitzer
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Christoph H Ladel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Gurdyal Kalsi
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ulrike Kaiser
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Thomas W Buttel
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Anne E Ashford
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Nigel K Arden
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Alan Tennant
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Maarten de Wit
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Peter Tugwell
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; Inner West Psychology; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam; Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Université de Lorraine, Approches Épidémiologiques et Psychologiques (APEMAC), Nancy, France; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; TissueGene Inc., Rockville; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt; University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
- T.O. Smith, PhD, Senior Researcher in Rehabilitation, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital; G.A. Hawker, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; D.J. Hunter, PhD, Florance and Cope Chair of Rheumatology, Chair of Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Professor of Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; L.M. March, PhD, Liggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculosketal Epidemiology Medicine, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; M. Boers, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers; B.J. Shea, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; R. Christensen, PhD, Professor of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; F. Guillemin, PhD, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, Université de Lorraine, APEMAC; C.B. Terwee, PhD, Associate Professor in Clinimetrics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc; P.R. Williamson, PhD, Professor of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; S. Dodd, PhD, Lecturer in Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; E.M. Roos, PhD, Professor, Head of Research Unit, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark; R.F. Loeser, MD, Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; T.J. Schnitzer, PhD, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology and Medicine (Rheumatology), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; M. Kloppenburg, PhD, Professor in Rheumatology, Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre; T. Neogi, PhD, Professor, Sections of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine; C.H. Ladel, PhD, Clinical Biomarker and Diagnostics Lead, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA; G. Kalsi, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President of Clinical Development and Regulatory and Medical Affairs, TissueGene Inc.; U. Kaiser, PhD, Principal Investigator, University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; T.W. Buttel, MA, Psychologist, Inner West Psychology, Sydney, Australia, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; A.E. Ashford, PhD, Emeritius Professor, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; A. Mobasheri, DPhil, Professor of Musculoskeletal Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, and Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine; N.K. Arden, MD, Professor in Rheumatic Diseases, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford; A. Tennant, PhD, Permanent Visiting Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Lucerne; M.C. Hochberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; M. de Wit, PhD, Visiting Fellow, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health; P. Tugwell, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; P.G. Conaghan, PhD, Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre.
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Weisman A, Tomlinson GA, Lipscombe LL, Perkins BA, Hawker GA. Association between allopurinol and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in diabetes: A retrospective, population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1322-1329. [PMID: 30734980 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between allopurinol and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in an allopurinol-treated diabetes cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Eligible subjects were ≥ 66 years old with diabetes and a first prescription for allopurinol between 1 April, 2002 and 31 March, 2012 and were followed until 31 March, 2016. The primary outcome was a composite: all-cause mortality, non-fatal cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure, or stroke) or congestive heart failure (CHF). Secondary outcomes were components of the primary outcome and pneumonia as a negative tracer. Allopurinol was modelled as time-varying exposed versus unexposed, daily dose category and cumulative dose using sex-specific multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 4.65 years (interquartile range 1.79-7.81), 16 266/23 103 males and 10 571/15 313 females experienced the primary outcome. Allopurinol was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.80) and 0.81 (0.78-0.84) for males and females, respectively], driven by marked reductions in all-cause mortality and modest reductions in cardiovascular events/CHF. There was no effect of cumulative allopurinol dose on any outcome, and allopurinol was also associated with reduced risk of pneumonia in males [aHR 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)]. CONCLUSIONS Allopurinol was associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. However, lack of cumulative dose effect and a positive tracer outcome in males suggests residual bias. Future research assessing whether allopurinol prevents vascular complications in diabetes requires a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Weisman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lockhart E, Hawker GA, Ivers NM, O'Brien T, Mukerji G, Pariser P, Stanaitis I, Pus L, Baker GR. Engaging primary care physicians in care coordination for patients with complex medical conditions. Can Fam Physician 2019; 65:e155-e162. [PMID: 30979773 PMCID: PMC6467654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the dynamics of primary care physicians' (PCPs') engagement with the Seamless Care Optimizing the Patient Experience (SCOPE) project. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. SETTING Solo and small group primary care practices in urban Toronto, Ont. PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 of the 29 SCOPE PCPs (75.8%) were interviewed 14 to 19 months after the initiation of SCOPE. METHODS Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted to examine influencing factors associated with PCPs' engagement in SCOPE. Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory-informed approach and key themes were identified. MAIN FINDINGS The SCOPE project provided practical mechanisms through which PCPs could access information and connect with resources. Contextual and historical factors including strained relationships between hospital specialists and community PCPs and PCPs' feelings of responsibility, isolation, disconnection, and burnout influenced readiness to engage. Provision of clinically useful supports in a trusting, collaborative manner encouraged PCPs' engagement in newer, more collaborative ways of working. CONCLUSION The SCOPE project provided an opportunity for PCPs to build meaningful relationships, reconnect to the broader health care system, and redefine their roles. For many PCPs, reestablishing connections reaffirmed their role in the system and enabled a more collaborative care model. Strategies for connecting community-based PCPs to the broader system need to consider contextual factors and the effects of new linkages and coordination on the identities and relationships of PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lockhart
- Graduate student at the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto in Ontario.
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Professor in the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and the Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto, and Senior Scientist at Women's College Research Institute
| | - Noah M Ivers
- Assistant Professor in the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, and a family physician at Women's College Hospital
| | - Tara O'Brien
- Medical Director of the Acute Ambulatory Care Unit at Women's College Hospital and the Division of General Internal Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Geetha Mukerji
- Assistant Professor in the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation and the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of Toronto, and a staff endocrinologist at Women's College Hospital
| | - Pauline Pariser
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto and Associate Medical Director at University Health Network
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- Research Project Coordinator at Women's College Hospital
| | - Laura Pus
- Director, Women's Virtual at Women's College Hospital
| | - G Ross Baker
- Professor in the Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto
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O’Brien T, Ivers N, Bhattacharyya O, Calzavara A, Pus L, Mukerji G, Friedman SM, Abrams H, Stanaitis I, Hawker GA, Pariser P. A multifaceted primary care practice-based intervention to reduce ED visits and hospitalization for complex medical patients: A mixed methods study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209241. [PMID: 30601835 PMCID: PMC6314574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of complex, multi-morbid patients is challenging for solo primary care providers (PCPs) with limited access to resources. The primary objective of the intervention was to reduce the overall rate of Emergency Department (ED) visits among patients in participating practices. METHODS AND FINDINGS An interrupted time series design and qualitative interviews were used to evaluate a multifaceted intervention, SCOPE (Seamless Care Optimizing the Patient Experience), offered to solo PCPs whose patients were frequent users of the ED. The intervention featured a navigation hub (nurse, homecare coordinator) to link PCPs with hospital and community resources, a general internist on-call to provide phone advice or urgent assessments, and access to patient results on-line. Continuous quality improvement (QI) strategies were employed to optimize each component of the intervention. The primary outcome was the relative pre-post intervention change in ED visit rate for patients of participating practices compared with that for a propensity-matched control group of physicians over the contemporaneous period. Themes were identified from semi-structured interviews on PCP's experiences and influential factors in their engagement. Twenty-nine physicians agreed to participate and were provided access to the intervention over an 18-month time period. There were a total of 1,525 intervention contacts over the 18-months (average: 50.6±60.8 per PCP). Both intervention and control groups experienced a trend towards lower rates of ED use by their patients over the study time period. The pre-post difference in trend for the intervention group compared to the controls was not significant at 1.4% per year (RR = 1.014; p = 0.59). Several themes were identified from qualitative interviews including: PCPs felt better supported in the care of their patients; they experienced a greater sense of community, and; they were better able to provide shared primary-specialty care. CONCLUSIONS This multifaceted intervention to support solo PCPs in the management of their complex patients did not result in a reduced rate of ED visits compared to controls, likely related to variable uptake among PCPs. It did however result in more comprehensive and coordinated care for their patients. Future directions will focus on increasing uptake by improving ease of use, increasing the range of services offered and expanding to a larger number of PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah Ivers
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Onil Bhattacharyya
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Calzavara
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Pus
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geetha Mukerji
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven M. Friedman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gillian A. Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline Pariser
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The use of applied Bayesian methods is increasing in rheumatology. Using the Bayes theorem, past evidence is updated with new data. Preexisting data are expressed as a prior probability distribution or prior. New observations are expressed as a likelihood. Through explicit incorporation of preexisting data and new data, this process informs how this new information should change the way we think. In this article, the authors highlight the use of applied Bayesian methods in the study of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu R Johnson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - George A Tomlinson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Support Systems and Outcomes, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Eaton North, 13th Floor, Room 238, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - John T Granton
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, MUNK Building, 11-1170, 200 Elizabeth Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, MUNK Building, 11-1170, 200 Elizabeth Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 8th Floor East, Room 815, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Brian M Feldman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly, there is emphasis on identifying and initiating treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in the early phases of the disease. This study aimed to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to managing clients with early knee OA and the contextual factors affecting implementation of care by physical therapists (PTs). DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with 33 PTs. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using thematic analysis. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of PTs who managed clients with knee symptoms and/or diagnosed knee OA in community/outpatient settings in three provinces in Canada (Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia). RESULTS Factors that affected physical therapy management of early knee OA were identified at four levels: the community, healthcare system, healthcare provider and client level. Some healthcare provider factors acted primarily as enablers of management, such as PTs' confidence in their ability to manage perceived early knee OA, PTs' beliefs about consequences of OA and the PT scope of practice. However, the study illuminated a range of modifiable factors that can act as barriers to management. These factors included access to services in the community and healthcare system; healthcare provider factors such as time, access to evidence and physician's role in referrals and messaging; and client factors related to client characteristics (eg, general health, socioeconomic status), engagement in management and beliefs about OA. CONCLUSION These findings provide us with a basis to begin to address specific barriers and to optimise care for early knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal MacKay
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan B Jaglal
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lo GH, Song J, McAlindon TE, Hawker GA, Driban JB, Price LL, Eaton CB, Hochberg MC, Jackson RD, Kwoh CK, Nevitt MC, Dunlop DD. Validation of a new symptom outcome for knee osteoarthritis: the Ambulation Adjusted Score for Knee pain. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:851-858. [PMID: 30417223 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Validation of a symptom measure for early knee OA may help identify new treatments and modifiable risk factors. Symptom measures that consider pain in the context of activity level may provide better discrimination than pain alone. Therefore, we aimed to compare sensitivity to change for radiographic progression between Ambulation Adjusted Score for Knee pain (AASK), which accounts for self-reported ambulation, and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) knee pain score. DESIGN Participants were assessed annually up to 48 months using WOMAC, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) ambulation, and knee radiographs. AASK was defined as ((WOMAC pain) + 1)/((average daily hours of walking) + 1). Radiographs were scored for Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade. Linear regression, stratified by OA status, evaluated relationships between changes in AASK and WOMAC pain and KL grade over time. RESULTS For 4191 people (8030 knees), the mean age was 61.2 (+ 9.2) years old and BMI was 28.6 (+ 4.8) kg/m2; 58% female. Over 40% of knees had WOMAC pain scores of 0; by design, no knees had AASK scores of 0. Annual changes in AASK were more sensitive to changes in KL than changes in WOMAC in those without baseline OA (0.20 and 0.16 change per unit KL change, p = 0.005 and 0.070 respectively), but performed similarly in knees with OA. CONCLUSION AASK is simple to assess using existing validated questionnaires. AASK performs well in individuals with and without OA and should be considered in clinical trials and observational studies of early knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM-285, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jing Song
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, and Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Kent Kwoh
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael C Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy D Dunlop
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kendzerska T, King LK, Lipscombe L, Croxford R, Stanaitis I, Hawker GA. The impact of hip and knee osteoarthritis on the subsequent risk of incident diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2290-2299. [PMID: 30091045 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study examined the relationship between hip/knee osteoarthritis and incident diabetes. We hypothesised that hip/knee osteoarthritis would be independently related to an increased risk of incident diabetes and that this relationship would be due, at least in part, to walking difficulty. We also hypothesised a stronger relationship with incident diabetes for knee than hip osteoarthritis because of the higher prevalence in the former of obesity/the metabolic syndrome. METHODS A population cohort aged ≥55 years recruited from 1996 to 1998 was followed through provincial health administrative data to 2014. Participants with baseline diabetes were excluded. Hip/knee osteoarthritis was defined as swelling, pain or stiffness in any joint lasting 6 weeks in the past 3 months and indication on a joint homunculus that a hip/knee was 'troublesome'. Walking limitation was defined as self-reported difficulty standing or walking in the last 3 months (yes/no). Using Cox regressions, we examined the relationship of baseline hip/knee osteoarthritis with incident diabetes as defined from health administrative data, controlling for age, sex, BMI, income, prior hypertension, cardiovascular disease and primary care exposure. We tested whether the observed effect was mediated through walking limitation. RESULTS In total, 16,362 participants were included: median age 68 years and 61% female. Of these, 1637 (10%) individuals met the criteria for hip osteoarthritis, 2431 (15%) for knee osteoarthritis and 3908 (24%) for walking limitation. Over a median follow-up of 13.5 years (interquartile range 7.3-17.8), 3539 individuals (22%) developed diabetes. Controlling for confounders, a significant relationship was observed between number of hip/knee joints with osteoarthritis and incident diabetes: HR for two vs no osteoarthritic hips 1.25 (95% CI 1.08, 1.44); HR for two vs no osteoarthritic knees 1.16 (95% CI 1.04, 1.29). From 37% to 46% of this relationship was explained by baseline walking limitation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In a large population cohort aged ≥55 years who were free of diabetes at baseline, and controlling for confounders, the presence and burden of hip/knee osteoarthritis was a significant independent predictor of incident diabetes. This association was partially explained by walking limitation. Increased attention to osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis-related functional limitations has the potential to reduce diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kendzerska
- Division of Respirology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Lauren K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Croxford
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Stanaitis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cram P, Landon BE, Matelski J, Ling V, Stukel TA, Paterson JM, Gandhi R, Hawker GA, Ravi B. Utilization and Short-Term Outcomes of Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the United States and Canada: An Analysis of New York and Ontario Administrative Data. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:547-554. [PMID: 29287312 DOI: 10.1002/art.40407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are common and effective surgical procedures. This study sought to compare utilization and short-term outcomes of primary TKA and THA in adjacent regions of Canada and the United States. METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent primary TKA or THA, comparing administrative data from New York and Ontario in 2012-2013. Demographic features of the TKA and THA patients, per capita utilization rates, and short-term outcomes were compared between the jurisdictions. RESULTS A higher percentage of New York hospitals performed TKA compared to Ontario hospitals (75.7% versus 42.1%; P < 0.001), and the mean annual procedural volume for TKAs was lower in New York hospitals (mean 179 versus 327 in Ontario hospitals; P < 0.001). After direct standardization, utilization was significantly lower in New York compared to Ontario, both for TKA (16.1 TKAs versus 21.4 TKAs per 10,000 population per year; P < 0.001) and for THA (10.5 THAs versus 11.5 THAs per 10,000 population per year; P < 0.001). For those who underwent TKA, the length of stay in Ontario hospitals was significantly longer (mean 3.7 days versus 3.4 days in New York hospitals; P < 0.001). A smaller percentage of New York patients were discharged directly home (46.2% versus 90.9% of Ontario patients; P < 0.001), but 30-day and 90-day readmission rates were higher in New York compared to Ontario (30-day rates, 4.6% versus 3.9% [P < 0.001]; 90-day rates, 8.4% versus 6.7% [P < 0.001]). For the THA cohorts, the results with regard to length of stay, discharge disposition, and readmission rates were similar to those for TKA. CONCLUSION Ontario has higher utilization of total joint arthroplasty than New York but has a smaller percentage of hospitals performing these procedures. Patients are more likely to be discharged home and less likely to be readmitted in Ontario. Our results suggest areas where each jurisdiction could improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cram
- University of Toronto, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Matelski
- Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicki Ling
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Therese A Stukel
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | | | - Gillian A Hawker
- University of Toronto and Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bheeshma Ravi
- University of Toronto and Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Hawker GA. Pragmatic trials in osteoarthritis-Are we ready? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:8-9. [PMID: 28977659 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Hawker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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King LK, Kendzerska T, Waugh EJ, Hawker GA. Impact of Osteoarthritis on Difficulty Walking: A Population-Based Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 70:71-79. [PMID: 28513082 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) to walking difficulty. METHODS A population cohort ages ≤55 years recruited from 1996 to 1998 (n = 28,451) completed a standardized questionnaire assessing demographics, health conditions, joint symptoms, and functional limitations, including difficulty walking in the past 3 months. Survey data were linked to health administrative databases; self-report and administrative data were used to identify health conditions. Hip/knee OA was defined as self-reported swelling, pain, or stiffness in a hip or knee lasting ≥6 weeks in the past 3 months without an inflammatory arthritis diagnosis. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the determinants of walking difficulty and constructed a clinical nomogram. RESULTS A total of 18,490 cohort participants were eligible (mean age 68 years, 60% women), and 25% reported difficulty walking. Difficulty walking was significantly and independently associated with older age, female sex, body mass index, and several health conditions. Of the conditions examined, the likelihood of walking difficulty was greatest with hip and knee OA and increased with the number of hip/knee joints affected. The predicted probability of difficulty walking for a 60-year-old middle-income, normal-weight woman was 5-10% with no health conditions, 10-20% with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular (CV) disease, 40% with OA in 2 hips/knees, 60-70% with diabetes mellitus, CV disease, and OA in 2 hips/knees, and 80% with diabetes mellitus, CV disease, and OA in all hips/knees. CONCLUSION In a population cohort, symptomatic hip/knee OA was the strongest contributor to walking difficulty. Given the importance of walking to engagement in physical activity for chronic disease management, greater attention to OA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- University of Toronto, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther J Waugh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian A Hawker
- University of Toronto, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kendzerska T, Jüni P, King LK, Croxford R, Stanaitis I, Hawker GA. The longitudinal relationship between hand, hip and knee osteoarthritis and cardiovascular events: a population-based cohort study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1771-1780. [PMID: 28801210 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this population-based cohort study, we examined the association between the presence of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. METHOD A cohort aged ≥55 years recruited from 1996 to 98 was followed through provincial health administrative data to 2014. Demographics, joint complaints and functional limitations were collected. Hip, knee and hand OA were defined using a validated definition. Using Cox-regressions, the relationship between OA and a composite CV outcome (myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, angina, heart failure, revascularization) was assessed controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, pre-existing metabolic factors, comorbidities, income status, primary care exposure and functional limitations. RESULTS 18,490 participants were included: median age was 68 years, 60.3% were female; 24.4% met criteria for OA (10.0% hip, 15.3% knee, 16.0% hand), 16.3% self-reported limitation in grip and 25.4% in walking. Over a median 13.4 years, 31.9% experienced a CV event. Controlling for all but walking limitation, a dose-response relationship was observed between number of joints affected by knee/hip OA and CV risk (HR 2 hips/knees vs none: 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.23; 3+ hips/knees: 1.22, 95% CI 1.09-1.36). This relationship became non-significant additionally controlling for difficulty walking. Self-reported difficulty walking was associated with a 30% increased hazard for CV events. The effect of hand OA was not significant. CONCLUSION In a large population cohort, a greater burden of hip/knee OA was associated with higher CV risk; the relationship was explained by OA-related difficulty walking. Increased attention to management of OA with a view to improving mobility has potential to reduce CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kendzerska
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences/Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, The Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L K King
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Croxford
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences/Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Stanaitis
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G A Hawker
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences/Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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