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Patel A, Casini G, Hagan J, Gollins L, Hair AB, Fernandes C, Premkumar MH. Determinants of outcome in neonatal intestinal failure and ostomy following reanastomosis. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bitzenhofer NL, Hilgers F, Bosio GN, Torra J, Casini G, Beinlich FRM, Knieps-Grünhagen E, Gordeliy V, Jaeger KE, Nonell S, Krauss U, Gensch T, Drepper T. Development and Characterization of Flavin-Binding Fluorescent Proteins, Part II: Advanced Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2564:143-183. [PMID: 36107341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2667-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs), a class of small fluorescent proteins derived from light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains, bind ubiquitous endogenous flavins as chromophores. Due to their unique properties, they can be used as versatile in vivo reporter proteins under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This chapter presents methodologies for in-depth characterization of the biochemical, spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical properties of FbFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lisa Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriela N Bosio
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgia Casini
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix R M Beinlich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Esther Knieps-Grünhagen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Montali C, Abbruzzetti S, Franzen A, Casini G, Bruno S, Delcanale P, Burgstaller S, Ramadani-Muja J, Malli R, Gensch T, Viappiani C. Nitric Oxide Sensing by a Blue Fluorescent Protein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2229. [PMID: 36421416 PMCID: PMC9686608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation of cysteine residues is an important molecular mechanism for dynamic, post-translational regulation of several proteins, providing a ubiquitous redox regulation. Cys residues are present in several fluorescent proteins (FP), including members of the family of Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-derived FPs, where two highly conserved cysteine residues contribute to a favorable environment for the autocatalytic chromophore formation reaction. The effect of nitric oxide on the fluorescence properties of FPs has not been investigated thus far, despite the tremendous role FPs have played for 25 years as tools in cell biology. We have examined the response to nitric oxide of fluorescence emission by the blue-emitting fluorescent protein mTagBFP2. To our surprise, upon exposure to micromolar concentrations of nitric oxide, we observed a roughly 30% reduction in fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. Recovery of fluorescence emission is observed after treatment with Na-dithionite. Experiments on related fluorescent proteins from different families show similar nitric oxide sensitivity of their fluorescence. We correlate the effect with S-nitrosylation of Cys residues. Mutation of Cys residues in mTagBFP2 removes its nitric oxide sensitivity. Similarly, fluorescent proteins devoid of Cys residues are insensitive to nitric oxide. We finally show that mTagBFP2 can sense exogenously generated nitric oxide when expressed in a living mammalian cell. We propose mTagBFP2 as the starting point for a new class of genetically encoded nitric oxide sensors based on fluorescence lifetime imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Arne Franzen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Giorgia Casini
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sandra Burgstaller
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jeta Ramadani-Muja
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Rotondo Dottore G, Ionni I, Menconi F, Casini G, Sellari-Franceschini S, Nardi M, Vitti P, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Antioxidant effects of β-carotene, but not of retinol and vitamin E, in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:815-820. [PMID: 29256181 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and several antioxidant agents, namely, selenium, quercetin, enalapril, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and melatonin, have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and its consequences in primary culture of orbital fibroblasts. In addition, selenium is effective for the treatment of mild GO. Here, we investigated the action of three additional antioxidants in orbital fibroblasts, namely, retinol, β-carotene, and vitamin E. METHODS Primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts were established from GO patients and control subjects. To induce oxidative stress, cells were treated with H2O2, after which glutathione disulfide (GSSG) (a parameter of oxidative stress), cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β were measured. RESULTS H2O2-dependent oxidative stress (augmented GSSG) was associated with increased cell proliferation and cytokine release. All the three antioxidant substances reduced GSSG in both GO and control fibroblasts. β-carotene reduced proliferation in GO, but not in control fibroblasts. IL1β was reduced by all three substances. Retinol reduced IFNγ in GO and control fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports an antioxidant role of retinol, β-carotene, and vitamin E in orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO and provides a basis for a possible clinical use these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rotondo Dottore
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Ionni
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Menconi
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casini
- Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sellari-Franceschini
- ENT Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Marinò
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Rotondo Dottore G, Ionni I, Menconi F, Casini G, Sellari-Franceschini S, Nardi M, Vitti P, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Action of three bioavailable antioxidants in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO): a new frontier for GO treatment? J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:193-201. [PMID: 28656526 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and an antioxidant approach has been advocated for GO treatment. Here, we investigated the action of three antioxidants in orbital fibroblasts, namely, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and melatonin. METHODS Primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from six GO patients and six control subjects were established. Cells were treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Cell vitality assays were performed to determine the non-cytotoxic dose of each antioxidant. The following assays were performed: glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as a measure of oxidative stress, cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid (HA), TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β. RESULTS H2O2 induced oxidative stress (augmented GSSG), increased cell proliferation as well as cytokine release, but did not affect HA release. All of the three antioxidant substances reduced H2O2-dependent oxidative stress. Vitamin C reduced proliferation in GO, but not in control fibroblasts. N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduced proliferation and IFNγ in GO, and HA and IL1β in both GO and control fibroblasts. Melatonin reduced IL1β and HA in GO and control fibroblasts, and IFNγ only in GO fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence in support of an antioxidant role of vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and melatonin in orbital fibroblasts. Some of the effects of these compounds are exclusive to GO fibroblasts, whereas some other are observed also in control fibroblasts. Our observations provide a basis for a possible clinical use of these substances in patients with GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rotondo Dottore
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Ionni
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Menconi
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casini
- Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sellari-Franceschini
- ENT Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Ophthalmopathy Unit I, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Marinò
- Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Amato R, Dal Monte M, Cervia D, Catalani E, Cammalleri M, Casini G. Neural degeneration mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy: The role of apoptosis and autophagy. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.0f064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Amato
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Viterbo Italy
| | - M. Dal Monte
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Viterbo Italy
| | - D. Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological-Agro-Food and Forest Systems; Università degli Studi della Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - E. Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological-Agro-Food and Forest Systems; Università degli Studi della Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - M. Cammalleri
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Viterbo Italy
| | - G. Casini
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Viterbo Italy
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Amato R, Dal Monte M, Lulli M, Cammalleri M, Raffa V, Casini G. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a novel strategy for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.0f065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Amato
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Dal Monte
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences- General Pathology Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Cammalleri
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Raffa
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Casini
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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Boeuf A, Casini G, Macke E, Papay LT, Tassan S. Reactivity Worths of Plutonium-Uranium Clusters in a Heavy-Water-Moderated Assembly by the Reactor Oscillation Method. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse73-a19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Boeuf
- Joint Nuclear Research Center-Ispra, Italy
| | - G. Casini
- Joint Nuclear Research Center-Ispra, Italy
| | - E. Macke
- Joint Nuclear Research Center-Ispra, Italy
| | | | - S. Tassan
- Joint Nuclear Research Center-Ispra, Italy
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Leo M, Maggi F, Dottore GR, Casini G, Mazzetti P, Pistello M, Sellari-Franceschini S, Nardi M, Vitti P, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Graves' orbitopathy, idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor and Epstein-Barr virus infection: a serological and molecular study. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:499-503. [PMID: 27987077 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the hypotheses on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO), involves bacterial or viral infections. Recently, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP) in Asians. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of GO with EBV infection/exposure, as compared with IOIP, using serum and tissue samples, as well as primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. METHODS Thirty-one patients were studied, including four with IOIP, ten with GO, nine with GD without GO and eight control patients without IOIP, GD and GO. All patients with IOIP and GO underwent orbital decompression. Control patients underwent palpebral surgery. Fibroadipose orbital tissue samples were collected. Serum anti-EBV antibodies were measured in all patients. EBV-DNA was measured in blood samples, orbital tissue samples and primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. RESULTS Serum assays showed that the vast majority of patients have had a previous exposure to EBV, but no one had an acute infection. EBV-DNA was detected in ~40% of blood samples from GO, GD and control patients, but in none of the IOIP samples. EBV-DNA was not detected in any of the orbital tissue samples tested or in primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS EBV infection does not seem to be associated with GD, GO and IOIP in Caucasians. Whether EBV is involved in IOIP in Asians or other populations remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Maggi
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G R Dottore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Mazzetti
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pistello
- Division of Virology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sellari-Franceschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Fabris D, Gramegna F, Cicerchia M, Marchi T, Barlini S, Piantelli S, Bini M, Bruno M, Casini G, Cinausero M, D’Agostino M, Degerlier M, Gelli N, Mantovani G, Morelli L, Mabiala J, Olmi A, Pasquali G, Poggi G, Valdré S, Vardaci E, Fotina O, Kravchuk V, Colonna M, Ono A. Pre-equilibrium emission to study clustering in nuclei. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201716300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Morelli L, Bruno M, D’Agostino M, Baiocco G, Gulminelli F, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Fabris D, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Barlini S, Bini M, Casini G, Gelli N, Pasquali G, Piantelli S, Valdrè S. Clustering effects in fusion evaporation reactions with light even-even N=Z nuclei. The 24Mg and 28Si cases. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612211002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Piantelli S, Casini G, Maurenzig P, Olmi A, Barlini S, Bini M, Pasquali G, Pastore G, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Valdrè S, Ademard G, Auger L, Bougault R, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Chbihi A, Frankland J, Gruyer D, Lopez O, LeNeindre N, Parlog M, Rivet M, Vient E, Rosato E, Spadaccini G, Vigilante M, Bruno M, Marchi T, Morelli L, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Gramegna F, Kordyasz A, Kozik T, Twarog T, Alba R, Maiolino C, Santonocito D, Galichet E. FAZIA applications. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611710005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dal Monte
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - R. Amato
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Biagioni
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - M. Cammalleri
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Casini
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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14
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Piantelli S, Casini G, Maurenzig P, Olmi A, Barlini S, Bini M, Carboni S, Pasquali G, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Valdré S, Bougault R, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Chbihi A, Frankland J, Gruyer D, Lopez O, Le Neindre N, Parlog M, Rivet MF, Vient E, Rosato E, Spadaccini G, Vigilante M, Bruno M, Marchi T, Morelli L, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Gramegna F, Kozik T, Twarog T, Alba R, Maiolino C, Santonocito D. Isospin transport phenomena and odd-even staggering in 84Kr+ 112,124Sn collisions at 35 AMeV. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Marchi T, Gramegna F, Fabris D, Degerlier M, Fotina O, Kravchuk V, D’Agostino M, Morelli L, Appannababu S, Baiocco G, Barlini S, Bini M, Brondi A, Bruno M, Casini G, Cinausero M, Gelli N, Moro R, Olmi A, Pasquali G, Piantelli S, Poggi G, Valdré S, Vardaci E. Pre-equilibrium emission and its possible relation to α-clustering in nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morelli L, Baiocco G, D’Agostino M, Gulminelli F, Bruno M, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Fabris D, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Barlini S, Bini M, Casini G, Gelli N, Olmi A, Pasquali G, Piantelli S, Valdré S. Cluster correlation effects in 12C+ 12C and 14N+ 10B fusion-evaporation reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pastore G, Pasquali G, Le Neindre N, Ademard G, Barlini S, Bini M, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Bougault R, Casini G, Chbihi A, Cinausero M, Dueñas J, Edelbruck P, Frankland J, Gramegna F, Gruyer D, Kordyasz A, Kozik T, Lopez O, Marchi T, Morelli L, Olmi A, Ordine A, Pârlog M, Piantelli S, Poggi G, Rivet MF, Rosato E, Salomon F, Spadaccini G, Stefanini A, Valdré S, Vient E, Twaróg T, Alba R, Maiolino C, Santonocito D. Extracting information from partially depleted Si detectors with digital sampling electronics. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158801013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Valdré S, Barlini S, Casini G, Pasquali G, Piantelli S, Carboni S, Cinausero M, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Baiocco G, Bardelli L, Benzoni G, Bini M, Blasi N, Bracco A, Brambilla S, Bruno M, Camera F, Corsi A, Crespi F, D’Agostino M, Degerlier M, Kravchuk VL, Leoni S, Million B, Montanari D, Morelli L, Nannini A, Nicolini R, Poggi G, Vannini G, Wieland O, Bednarczyk P, Ciemała M, Dudek J, Fornal B, Kmiecik M, Maj A, Matejska-Minda M, Mazurek K, Męczyński WM, Myalski S, Styczeń J, Ziębliński M. Measurement of light charged particles in the decay channels of medium-mass excited compound nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Fotina O, Goncharov S, Eremenko D, Platonov S, Yuminov O, Kravchuk V, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Cinausero M, D'Agostino M, Bruno M, Baiocco G, Morelli L, Degerlier M, Casini G, Barlini S, Valdrè S, Piantelli S, Pasquali G, Bracco A, Camera F, Wieland O, Benzoni G, Blasi N, Giaz A, Corsi A, Fabris D. Pre-equilibrium α-particle emission as a probe to study α-clustering in nuclei. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Ciemała M, Kmiecik M, Maj A, Kravchuk V, Gramegna F, Barlini S, Casini G, Camera F. Giant Dipole Resonance decay of hot rotating 88Mo. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Francalanza L, Abbondanno U, Amorini F, Barlini S, Bini M, Bougault R, Bruno M, Cardella G, Casini G, Colonna M, D’Agostino M, De Filippo E, De Sanctis J, Geraci E, Giussani A, Gramegna F, Guiot B, Kravchuk V, La Guidara E, Lanzalone G, Le Neindre N, Maiolino C, Marini P, Morelli L, Olmi A, Pagano A, Papa M, Piantelli S, Pirrone S, Politi G, Poggi G, Porto F, Russotto P, Rizzo F, Vannini G, Vannucci L. Exploring reaction mechanisms and their competition in 58Ni+ 48Ca collisions at E = 25 AMeV. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Morelli L, Baiocco G, D’Agostino M, Bruno M, Gulminelli F, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Fabris D, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Barlini S, Bini M, Casini G, Gelli N, Lopez A, Pasquali G, Piantelli S, Valdrè S. Probing the Statistical Decay and α-clustering effects in 12C + 12C and 14N + 10B reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Casini G, Barlini S, Pasquali G, Pastore G, Bini M, Carboni S, Olmi A, Piantelli S, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Valdré S, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Bougault R, Bruno M, Chbihi A, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Edelbruck P, Frankland J, Gramegna F, Gruyer D, Guerzoni M, Kordjasz A, Kozik T, Le Neindre N, Lopez O, Marchi T, Marini P, Morelli L, Ordine A, Pârlog M, Rivet M, Rosato E, Salomon F, Spadaccini G, Twaróg T, Vient E, Vigilante M. The european FAZIA initiative: a high-performance digital telescope array for heavy-ion studies. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146611006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Wingen M, Potzkei J, Endres S, Casini G, Rupprecht C, Fahlke C, Krauss U, Jaeger KE, Drepper T, Gensch T. The photophysics of LOV-based fluorescent proteins – new tools for cell biology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:875-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study photophysical characteristics of LOV-based fluorescent proteins which are essential for analytic methods as well as imaging approaches have been comparatively analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Wingen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Janko Potzkei
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Endres
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Giorgia Casini
- Institute of Complex Systems 4 (ICS-4
- Cellular Biophysics)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Rupprecht
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Complex Systems 4 (ICS-4
- Cellular Biophysics)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Complex Systems 4 (ICS-4
- Cellular Biophysics)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Piantelli S, Casini G, Olmi A, Barlini S, Bini M, Carboni S, Maurenzig P, Pasquali G, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Bougault R, Le Neindre N, Lopez O, Parlog M, Vient E, Bonnet E, Chbihi A, Frankland J, Gruyer D, Rosato E, Spadaccini G, Vigilante M, Borderie B, Rivet M, Bruno M, Morelli L, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Alba R, Maiolino C, Santonocito D, Kozik T, Twarog T. Isospin transport in 84Kr+ 112,124Sn reactions at Fermi energies. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Defeasible inheritance networks are a non-monotonic framework that deals with hierarchical knowledge. On the other hand, rational closure is acknowledged as a landmark of the preferential approach to non-monotonic reasoning. We will combine these two approaches and define a new non-monotonic closure operation for propositional knowledge bases that combines the advantages of both. Then we redefine such a procedure for Description Logics (DLs), a family of logics well-suited to model structured information. In both cases we will provide a simple reasoning method that is built on top of the classical entailment relation and, thus, is amenable of an implementation based on existing reasoners. Eventually, we evaluate our approach on well-known landmark test examples.
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Cervia D, Casini G. The Neuropeptide Systems and their Potential Role in the Treatment of Mammalian Retinal Ischemia: A Developing Story. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:95-101. [PMID: 23814541 PMCID: PMC3580795 DOI: 10.2174/157015913804999423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiplicity of peptidergic receptors and of the transduction pathways they activate offers the possibility of important advances in the development of specific drugs for clinical treatment of central nervous system disorders. Among them, retinal ischemia is a common clinical entity and, due to relatively ineffective treatment, remains a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Ischemia is a primary cause of neuronal death, and it can be considered as a sort of final common pathway in retinal diseases leading to irreversible morphological damage and vision loss. Neuropeptides and their receptors are widely expressed in mammalian retinas, where they exert multifaceted functions both during development and in the mature animal. In particular, in recent years somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide have been reported to be highly protective against retinal cell death caused by ischemia, while data on opioid peptides, angiotensin II, and other peptides have also been published. This review provides a rationale for harnessing the peptidergic receptors as a potential target against retinal neuronal damages which occur during ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Cervia D, Casini G. The Neuropeptide Systems and their Potential Role in the Treatment of Mammalian Retinal Ischemia: A Developing Story. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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D’Agostino M, Bruno M, Gulminelli F, Morelli L, Baiocco G, Bardelli L, Barlini S, Cannata F, Casini G, Geraci E, Gramegna F, Kravchuk VL, Marchi T, Moroni A, Ordine A, Raduta AR. An interpretation of staggering effects by correlation observables. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Morelli L, Dagostino M, Bruno M, Gulminelli F, Baiocco G, Barlini S, Casini G, Gramegna F, Kravchuk VL, Marchi T, Raduta AR. Staggering in S+Ni collisions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Casini G, Petrone L, Bakry A, Francolini I, Di Bonito P, Giorgi C, Martinelli A, Piozzi A, D'Ilario L. Functionalized poly(l-lactide) single crystals coated with antigens in development of vaccines. J Control Release 2011; 148:e106-8. [PMID: 21529579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Ple A Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Lisi S, Botta R, Lemmi M, Sellari-Franceschini S, Altea MA, Sisti E, Casini G, Nardi M, Marcocci C, Pinchera A, Marinò M. Quercetin decreases proliferation of orbital fibroblasts and their release of hyaluronic acid. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:521-7. [PMID: 21042042 DOI: 10.3275/7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of fibroblast (FB) proliferation and hyaluronic acid (HA) production may be a therapeutic approach to Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). The flavonoid quercetin has a wide range of activities, including reduction of FB growth. AIM To investigate the effects of quercetin in orbital FB from GO patients and control subjects. METHODS Primary cultures of orbital FB were treated with quercetin or with its glycosides rutin and quercitrin. Cell proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis, HA production, and cell cycle were measured. RESULTS Beginning at a 30 μM concentration, quercetin, but not rutin and quercitrin, reduced cell proliferation, with no difference between GO and control FB. The effect of quercetin on proliferation was due to necrosis and cell cycle blockade, whereas apoptosis was unaffected. Quercetin reduced HA in the cell media, with no difference between GO and control FB. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduces cell proliferation and HA release in orbital FB. Whether these initial findings have any potential for the use of quercetin in the clinical practice remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lisi
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Tomassini S, Cuoghi V, Catalani E, Casini G, Bigiani A. Long-term effects of nicotine on rat fungiform taste buds. Neuroscience 2007; 147:803-10. [PMID: 17560039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, an alkaloid found in tobacco smoke, has been recognized as capable of inducing changes in taste functionality in conditions of chronic exposure. The mechanisms underlying these sensory alterations, however, are currently unknown. We addressed this issue by studying the long-term effects of nicotine on the anatomical features of taste buds, the peripheral end-organs of taste, in rat fungiform papillae. Nicotine was administered to rats via drinking water over a period of 3 weeks, which represents a standard method to achieve chronic drug exposure in laboratory animals. We found that prolonged administration of nicotine induced a significant reduction in the size of fungiform taste buds, without affecting their total number on the rat tongue. Morphometric measurements as well as evaluations of taste cell membrane capacitance suggested that the reduced size of taste organs was determined by a decrease in the number of cells per taste bud. In addition, chronic treatment with nicotine caused an increase in the relative density of cells expressing gustducin, a specific G protein alpha-subunit found in some taste cells and involved in bitter/sweet transduction. Interestingly, changes in the expression pattern of gustducin turned out to be more pronounced in periadolescent/adolescent than in adult rats. As a whole, our data indicate that long-term nicotine administration induces significant changes in the anatomical properties of taste buds in rat fungiform papillae. These changes could have a profound impact on the sensory information relayed to the brain; therefore, they may be responsible, at least in part, for the alterations in taste functionality observed during chronic nicotine exposure, a condition found in regular smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Wieland O, Bracco A, Camera F, Benzoni G, Blasi N, Brambilla S, Crespi F, Giussani A, Leoni S, Mason P, Million B, Moroni A, Barlini S, Kravchuk VL, Gramegna F, Lanchais A, Mastinu P, Maj A, Brekiesz M, Kmiecik M, Bruno M, Geraci E, Vannini G, Casini G, Chiari M, Nannini A, Ordine A, Ormand E. Giant dipole resonance in the hot and thermalized 132Ce nucleus: damping of collective modes at finite temperature. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:012501. [PMID: 16907369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The gamma decay of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in the 132Ce compound nucleus with temperature up to approximately 4 MeV has been measured, using the reaction 64Ni + 68Zn at E(beam) = 300, 400, and 500 MeV. The gamma and charged particles measured in coincidence with recoils are consistent with a fully equilibrated compound nucleus emission. The GDR width, obtained with the statistical model analysis, is found to increase almost linearly with temperature. This increase is rather well reproduced within a model including thermal shape fluctuations and the lifetime of the compound nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wieland
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Milano and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Catalani E, Dal Monte M, Gangitano C, Lucattelli M, Fineschi S, Bosco L, Bagnoli P, Casini G. Expression of substance P, neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1) and neurokinin 3 receptors in the developing mouse retina and in the retina of NK1 knockout mice. Neuroscience 2006; 138:487-99. [PMID: 16388914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To complete a series of studies on the expression of substance P and neurokinin receptors in mammalian retinas, we investigated the occurrence of these molecules in developing mouse retinas and in retinas of mice with genetic deletion of the neurokinin 1 receptor, the preferred substance P receptor. Using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we measured detectable levels of the gamma isoform of preprotachykinin A (a substance P precursor) mRNA at postnatal day 4. Neurokinin 1 receptor and neurokinin 3 receptor mRNAs were also detected at postnatal day 4. While gamma preprotachykinin A and neurokinin 1 receptor mRNA levels significantly increased up to eye opening (postnatal day 11), neurokinin 3 receptor mRNA levels remained constant throughout development. Substance P, neurokinin 1 receptor and neurokinin 3 receptor immunoreactivities were present at postnatal day 5. Substance P was in amacrine cells, neurokinin 1 receptor in developing amacrine and bipolar cells and neurokinin 3 receptor in OFF-type cone bipolar cells. Interestingly, a transient increase in the density of neurokinin 1 receptor immunoreactive processes was observed at eye opening in lamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer, suggesting a role of substance P and neurokinin 1 receptor in this developmental phase. However, in neurokinin 1 receptor knockout retinas, besides a significant increase of the gamma preprotachykinin A mRNA levels, no major changes were detected: neurokinin 3 receptor mRNA levels as well as substance P and neurokinin 3 receptor immunostainings were similar to wild types. Together with previous studies, these observations indicate that there are major differences in neurokinin 1 receptor expression patterns among developing mammalian retinas. The observations in neurokinin 1 receptor knockout mice may not be applicable to rats or rabbits, and substance P and neurokinin 1 receptor may play different developmental roles in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Catalani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, blocco D, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Casini G. Neuropeptides and retinal development. Arch Ital Biol 2005; 143:191-8. [PMID: 16097495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different peptidergic systems have been investigated with some detail during retinal development, including substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and somatostatin (SRIF). Concerning possible developmental actions of neuropeptides, VIP and PACAP exert protective and growth-promoting actions that may sustain retinal neurons during their development. In addition, the presence of transient SRIF expressing cells and recent observations in SRIF receptor knock out mice indicate variegated roles of this peptide in the development of the retina and of retinofugal projections. Finally, recent studies have shown that, in the developing rabbit retina, changes in the expression pattern of SP receptors are accompanied by modifications of SP physiological effects, indicating that retinal circuits where SP is involved are likely to function in a substantially different manner before the retina becomes involved in the processing of visual stimuli. SP neurotransmission in the immature retina may subserve developmental events, and SP is likely to represent an important developmental factor for the maturation of retinal neurons and circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universitià della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italia.
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Casini G, Catalani E, Dal Monte M, Bagnoli P. Functional aspects of the somatostatinergic system in the retina and the potential therapeutic role of somatostatin in retinal disease. Histol Histopathol 2005; 20:615-32. [PMID: 15736065 DOI: 10.14670/hh-20.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The somatostatinergic system of the retina has been investigated in a variety of studies. A considerable amount of experimental evidence is available concerning the patterns of expression of somatostatin (SRIF) and its receptors in vertebrate retinas. However the functional roles of this peptidergic system in retinal physiology are far from being elucidated. Nonetheless, data have been provided concerning the regulatory action of SRIF on the excitability of different retinal cell types and on the modulation of ion channels in different vertebrate retinas. The present review is focused on recent and unpublished investigations of the mouse retina relative to the involvement of specific SRIF receptors in the regulation of ion channels and transmitter release, the transduction pathways coupled to SRIF receptors, and the mechanisms regulating the expression of SRIF and its receptors as derived from studies in transgenic animal models. In these models, altered expression levels of SRIF or of specific SRIF receptors have also been found to affect the morphology of retinal cell types (namely the rod bipolar cells) and to result in functional alterations at the level of both ion channel regulation and transmitter release. These new pieces of evidence constitute an important step forward in the understanding of the functional actions of the retinal somatostatinergic system, although our current knowledge is far from being exhaustive. The ultimate goal of understanding SRIF functional actions in the retina is concerned with the possibility of using SRIF or its analogs as therapeutic agents to cure retinal diseases. Indeed, encouraging results are being obtained in clinical investigations focused on the use of SRIF analogs to treat diabetic retinopathy, a retinal disease with high social impact and originating as a complication of diabetes. The closing part of the present paper examines the evidence supporting SRIF as a promising therapeutic agent in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that the expression pattern of the neurokinin 1 receptor (the preferred receptor for substance P, SP) varies in different mammalian retinas. We investigated NK1 receptor expression in the mouse retina to provide background information for future studies in transgenic mice on SP functional roles in the retina. Mouse retinal sections were treated for single and double-label immunofluorescence. NK1 receptor immunoreactivity was in bipolar cells and in numerous amacrine cells. Double-label studies showed that NK1 receptor-expressing bipolar cells constituted a population of ON-type cone bipolar cells, since they were distinct from rod bipolar cells and contained glycine. They were nonrandomly distributed with highest density in central retina. These cells were similar and may correspond to the population of NK1 receptor-expressing bipolar cells of the rabbit retina. Different subsets of NK1 receptor-expressing amacrine cells were identified on the basis of the expression of selected neurotransmitter substances: i) about 23% of NK1 receptor-expressing amacrine cells also contained glycine; ii) the remaining 77% were likely to be GABAergic, although some inconsistency was observed in the GABA immunostaining obtained with two different GABA antibodies; iii) all dopaminergic amacrine cells also expressed NK1 receptors; iv) about one third of SP-containing amacrine cells also expressed NK1 receptors. These findings confirm and expand previous observations in rat and rabbit retinas. In particular, common to all three species is the expression of NK1 receptors in dopaminergic amacrine cells, indicating that SP neurotransmission may be a universal feature of the circuitry of the dopaminergic amacrine cell. Peculiar to the mouse retina is the presence of putative NK1 autoreceptors expressed by SP-containing amacrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Catalani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Blocco D snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Mangiarotti A, Maurenzig PR, Olmi A, Piantelli S, Bardelli L, Bartoli A, Bini M, Casini G, Coppi C, Gobbi A, Pasquali G, Poggi G, Stefanini AA, Taccetti N, Vanzi E. Energetics of midvelocity emissions in peripheral heavy ion collisions at Fermi energies. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:232701. [PMID: 15601152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.232701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral and semiperipheral collisions have been studied in the system 93Nb+93Nb at 38A MeV. The evaporative and midvelocity components of the light charged particle and intermediate mass fragment emissions have been carefully disentangled. In this way it was possible to obtain the average amount not only of charge and mass, but also of energy, pertaining to the midvelocity emission, as a function of an impact parameter estimator. This emission has a very important role in the overall balance of the reaction, as it accounts for a large fraction of the emitted mass and for more than half of the dissipated energy. As such, it may give precious clues on the microscopic mechanism of energy transport from the interaction zone toward the target and projectile remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mangiarotti
- Sezione INFN and Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Casini G, Dal Monte M, Fornai F, Bosco L, Willems D, Yang Q, Zhou ZJ, Bagnoli P. Neurokinin 1 receptor expression and substance p physiological actions are developmentally regulated in the rabbit retina. Neuroscience 2004; 124:147-60. [PMID: 14960347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of the substance P (SP) receptor (the neurokinin 1 receptor, NK1 receptor) and SP functional effects in developing rabbit retinas. NK1 receptors in adult retinas were in a population of cone bipolar cells and in dopaminergic amacrine cells, as previously described. In contrast, at birth and at postnatal day (PND) 6, NK1 receptors were exclusively expressed by cholinergic amacrine and displaced amacrine cells. NK1 receptor expression in cholinergic cells was still observed at PND10 (eye opening), while at PND21 it was confined to cholinergic cells of the inner nuclear layer. Starting at PND10, NK1 receptors were also in bipolar cells and in dopaminergic amacrine cells. A fully mature NK1 receptor expression pattern was observed at PND35. Dopamine release was assessed in isolated retinas in the presence of SP, the NK1 receptor agonist GR73632 or the NK1 receptor antagonist GR82334. At PND35, extracellular dopamine was significantly increased by 10 microM SP or 0.01-100 microM GR73632, and it was decreased by 0.01-10 microM GR82334. No effects were detected in developing retinas up to PND21. Ca2+ imaging experiments were performed in single cholinergic cells identified by their "starburst" morphology in perinatal retinas. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were significantly increased by 1 microM SP or GR73632. This effect was reversibly inhibited by 1 microM GR82334. These data demonstrate that both NK1 receptor expression and SP physiological actions are developmentally regulated in the retina. SP neurotransmission in the immature retina may subserve developmental events, and SP is likely to represent an important developmental factor for the maturation of retinal neurons and circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università/D, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Abstract
The present review examines various aspects of the developmental expression of neuropeptides and of their receptors in mammalian retinas, emphasizing their possible roles in retinal maturation. Different peptidergic systems have been investigated with some detail during retinal development, including substance P (SP), somatostatin (SRIF), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), opioid peptides and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF). Overall, the developmental expression of most peptides is characterized by early appearance, transient features and achievement of the mature pattern at the time of eye opening. Concerning possible developmental actions of neuropeptides, recent studies imply a role of SP in the modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in early postnatal rabbit retinas, when cholinergic cells participate in the retinal spontaneous waves of activity. In addition, the presence of transient SRIF expressing ganglion cells and recent observations in SRIF receptor knock-out mice indicate variegated roles of this peptide in the development of the retina and of retinofugal projections. Furthermore, VIP and PACAP exert protective and growth-promoting actions that may sustain retinal neurons during their development, and opioid peptides may control cell proliferation in the developing retina. Finally, a peak in the expression of certain peptides, including VIP, NPY and CRF, is present around the time of eye opening, when the retina begins the analysis of structured visual information, suggesting important roles of these peptides during this delicate phase of retinal development. In summary, although the physiological actions of peptides during retinal development are far from being clarified, the data reviewed herein indicate promising perspectives in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bagnoli
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica G. Moruzzi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
Substance P is the preferred ligand for the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. In vertebrate retinas, substance P is expressed by amacrine, interplexiform and ganglion cells. Substance P influences the activity of amacrine and ganglion cells and it is reported to evoke dopamine release. We investigated NK1 receptor expression in the rabbit retina using affinity-purified NK1 receptor antibodies. NK1 receptors were expressed by two distinct populations of retinal neurons. One is a population of ON-type bipolar cells characterized by axonal arborizations that ramified in the inner plexiform layer near the ganglion cell layer. Double-label studies showed that NK1 receptor-expressing bipolar cells were distinct from rod bipolar cells and from other immunocytochemically identified types of cone bipolar cells. Their density was about 2250 cells/mm2 in the visual streak and 1115 cells/mm2 in ventral mid-periphery. They were distributed in a non-random pattern. In the outer plexiform layer, the dendrites of these bipolar cells converged into heavily immunostained clusters having a punctate appearance. The density of these clusters in mid-peripheral ventral regions (about 13000 clusters/mm2) was similar to the reported cone density [Famiglietti and Sharpe (1995) Vis. Neurosci. 12, 1151-1175], suggesting these dendrites contact all cone photoreceptors. The second NK1 receptor expressing cell population corresponds to the tyrosine hydroxylase-containing amacrine cell population. NK1 receptor immunostaining was localized to the cell body and processes, but not to the processes that form the 'rings' that are known to encircle somata of AII amacrine cells. These findings show that NK1 receptor immunoreactivity is localized to a population of ON-type cone bipolar cells and to dopaminergic amacrine cells, suggesting that substance P acting on NK1 receptors influences multiple retinal circuits in the rabbit retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Barbucci R, Benvenuti M, Casini G, Ferruti P, Tempesti F. Surface grafting of heparin-complexing poly(aminoamide) on poly( ethylene terephthalate) (dacron). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.1985.020091985134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moroni A, Abbondanno U, Agodi C, Alba R, Ballarini F, Bellia G, Biaggi M, Bruno M, Casini G, Cavallaro S, Cherubini R, Chiari M, Colonna N, Coniglione R, D'Agostino M, Del Zoppo A, Giussani A, Gramegna F, Maiolino C, Margagliotti GV, Mastinu PF, Migneco E, Milazzo PM, Nannini A, Ordine A, Ottolenghi A, Piattelli P, Santonocito D, Sapienza P, Vannini G, Vannucci L, Vardaci E. Nuclear detecting systems at LNL and LNS: foreseen experiments to provide basic data for heavy-ion risk assessment. Phys Med 2002; 17 Suppl 1:124-7. [PMID: 11770527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of existing detecting systems developed for nuclear physics studies allows collecting data on particle and ion production cross-sections in reactions induced by Oxygen and Carbon beams, of interest for hadrontherapy and heavy-ion risk assessment. The MULTICS and GARFIELD apparatus, together with the foreseen experiments, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moroni
- INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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Piantelli S, Bidini L, Poggi G, Bini M, Casini G, Maurenzig PR, Olmi A, Pasquali G, Stefanini AA, Taccetti N. Intermediate mass fragment emission pattern in peripheral heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:052701. [PMID: 11863718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The emission pattern in the v(perp)-v(par) plane of intermediate mass fragments with Z = 3--7 (IMF) has been studied in the collision 116Sn+ 93Nb at 29.5A MeV as a function of the total kinetic energy loss of the reaction. This pattern shows that for peripheral reactions most IMF's are emitted at velocities intermediate between those of the projectile- and target-like products. Coulomb trajectory calculations show that these IMF's are produced in the interaction zone in a short time interval at the end of the target-projectile interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piantelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and Università di Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy
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Chen XS, Casini G, Harrison SC, Garcea RL. Papillomavirus capsid protein expression in Escherichia coli: purification and assembly of HPV11 and HPV16 L1. J Mol Biol 2001; 307:173-82. [PMID: 11243812 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The L1 major capsid proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 11 and 16 were purified and analyzed for structural integrity and in vitro self-assembly. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione-S-transferase-L1 (GST-L1) fusions and purified to near homogeneity as pentamers (equivalent to viral capsomeres), after thrombin cleavage from the GST moiety and removal of tightly associated GroEL protein. Sequences at the amino and carboxy termini contributing to formation of L1 pentamers and to in vitro capsid assembly were identified by deletion analysis. For both HPV11 and HPV16 L1, up to at least ten residues could be deleted from the amino terminus (Delta N10) and 30 residues from the carboxy terminus (Delta C30) without affecting pentamer formation. The HPV16 pentamers assembled into relatively regular, 72-pentamer shells ("virus-like particles" or VLPs) at low pH, with the exception of HPV16 L1 Delta N10, which assembled into a 12-pentamer, T=1 capsid (small VLP) under all conditions tested. The production of large quantities of assembly-competent L1, using the expression and purification protocol described here, has been useful for crystallographic analysis, and will be valuable for studies of virus-receptor interactions and potentially for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 4200 E. 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Cristiani R, Fontanesi G, Casini G, Petrucci C, Viollet C, Bagnoli P. Expression of somatostatin subtype 1 receptor in the rabbit retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:3191-9. [PMID: 10967083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect mRNAs for somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor [SRIF]) receptor subtypes 1 to 5 (sst(1) through sst(5)) in rabbit retinas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to investigate the distribution of sst(1) by single- and double-label immunocytochemistry. METHODS Semiquantitative RT-PCR using sst-specific primers from mouse sequences was performed. sst(1) was localized using a polyclonal antiserum directed to human sst(1) in cryostat sections of retinas from either normal or optic nerve-transected animals. Immunolabeled cell sizes and densities were measured in wholemounted retinas using computer-assisted image analysis. Double-label immunofluorescence was performed using the sst(1) antiserum in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies directed to SRIF, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), parvalbumin (PV), or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). RESULTS With RT-PCR it was found that all five sst mRNAs were expressed in the rabbit retina, with highest levels of sst(1) mRNA. sst(1) immunolabeling was localized to amacrine cells in the proximal inner nuclear layer (INL) of all retinal regions and to displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the ventral retina. Some large sst(1)-immunoreactive (IR) somata were also present in the GCL. They were not observed after optic nerve transection. Double-label immunofluorescence showed sst(1) expression by all TH-IR amacrine cells and by other amacrine cells that were neither PV-IR nor GABA-IR. In addition, sst(1) was expressed by all SRIF-containing displaced amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS All five sst mRNAs are expressed in the rabbit retina. The localization of sst(1) suggests that it may mediate SRIF actions onto amacrine (including dopaminergic) and sparse ganglion cells. sst(1) expression in SRIF-IR cells suggests that this receptor may also act as an autoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cristiani
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica "G. Moruzzi," Università di Pisa, Italy
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Casini G, Brecha NC, Bosco L, Rickman DW. Developmental expression of neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-3 receptors in the rat retina. J Comp Neurol 2000; 421:275-87. [PMID: 10813787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Tachykinin (TK) peptides act on retinal neurons through neurokinin (NK) receptors. We examined the expression of neurokinin-1 (NK1; the substance P receptor), NK3 [the neurokinin B (NKB) receptor], and TK peptides in developing rat retinas. NK1 immunolabeling was found in newborn retinas in rare amacrine cells and in putative ganglion cells. At postnatal day 2 (PND 2), NK1 immunostaining was reduced greatly among ganglion cells, and it appeared in many amacrine cells and in fibers in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), with the highest density in laminae 1, 3, and 5. A similar pattern was found at PND 7. At PND 12, interplexiform NK1-immunoreactive (-IR) cells were detected, and NK1-IR fibers in the IPL were concentrated in lamina 2, similar to what was seen in adults. NK3 was expressed mainly by OFF-cone bipolar cells, and the developmental pattern of NK3 was compared with that of cone bipolar cells that were labeled with antibodies to recoverin. Immature recoverin-IR cone bipolar cells were seen at PND 2. NK3 immunolabeling was detected first in the outer plexiform layer and in sparse bipolar cell somata at PND 10, when recoverin-IR cone bipolar cells are nearly mature. By PND 15, both the NK3 immunostaining pattern and the recoverin immunostaining pattern were similar to the patterns seen in adults. TK immunoreactivity was present at PND 0 in amacrine cells and displaced amacrine cells. By PND 10, the morphologic maturation of TK-IR cells was complete. These findings indicate that, in early postnatal retinas, substance P may act on NK1 receptors, whereas NKB/NK3 interactions are unlikely, suggesting that there are different levels of importance for different TK peptides in the developing retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Abstract
The papillomavirus major late protein, L1, forms the pentameric assembly unit of the viral shell. Recombinant HPV16 L1 pentamers assemble in vitro into capsid-like structures, and truncation of ten N-terminal residues leads to a homogeneous preparation of 12-pentamer, icosahedral particles. X-ray crystallographic analysis of these particles at 3.5 A resolution shows that L1 closely resembles VP1 from polyomaviruses. Surface loops contain the sites of sequence variation among HPV types and the locations of dominant neutralizing epitopes. The ease with which small virus-like particles may be obtained from L1 expressed in E. coli makes them attractive candidate components of a papillomavirus vaccine. Their crystal structure also provides a starting point for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Campagna F, Palluotto F, Carotti A, Casini G, Genchi G. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships at the central benzodiazepine receptor of pyridazino[4,3-b]indoles and indeno[1,2-c]pyridazines. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1533-8. [PMID: 10482445 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-aryl-3-chloro-2H-pyridazino[4,3-b]indoles, 2-aryl-3-methoxy-2H-pyridazino[4,3-b]indoles, and 2-aryl-2,5-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyridazino-3(3H)-ones has been prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit the [3H]flunitrazepam binding to the central benzodiazepine receptor. SAR are presented and discussed in comparison with existing pharmacophore models.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Campagna
- Dipartimento Farmacochimico, Università di Bari, Italy.
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