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Fierri I, De Marchi L, Chignola R, Rossin G, Bellumori M, Perbellini A, Mancini I, Romeo A, Ischia G, Saorin A, Mainente F, Zoccatelli G. Nanoencapsulation of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) through Coacervation of Whey Protein Isolate and Apple High Methoxyl Pectin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1757. [PMID: 37760059 PMCID: PMC10525587 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (-17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fierri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura De Marchi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giacomo Rossin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto F.no, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Anna Perbellini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Ines Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Asia Saorin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.F.); (L.D.M.); (R.C.); (G.R.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
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Sinha A, Ischia G, Lutterotti L, Gialanella S. Electron diffraction characterization of nanocrystalline materials using a Rietveld-based approach. Part II. Application to microstructural analysis. J Appl Crystallogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057672200886x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the second in a two-paper series concerning the quantitative characterization of nanocrystalline materials using an electron-diffraction-based approach, in which a full-pattern fitting Rietveld-based refinement is applied to electron powder diffraction data in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Part I [Sinha et al. (2022). J. Appl. Cryst.
55, 953–965] established a standard calibration protocol to determine the instrumental effects, with special emphasis on the camera length and the diameter of the selected area apertures. Possible application cases are now considered to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach, including the evaluation of the phase composition of TEM specimens, an operation that reveals new application fields for this powerful materials characterization technique. In this regard, different types of material specimen are examined: nanocrystalline yttrium oxide, silicon, titanium dioxide and debris from disc brake wear, each one featuring specific aspects to be tackled with the proposed methodology. To demonstrate the limits of the proposed approach as concerns the material characteristics, an analysis of a hematite sample obtained from the heat treatment of natural goethite, displaying a relatively coarse crystallite size, is performed and a critical discussion of the results is given.
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Sinha A, Bortolotti M, Ischia G, Lutterotti L, Gialanella S. Electron diffraction characterization of nanocrystalline materials using a Rietveld-based approach. Part I. Methodology. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:953-965. [PMID: 35974734 PMCID: PMC9348886 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722006367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative microstructural characterization of nanocrystalline materials based on Rietveld refinement of electron diffraction patterns has been used to explore sample characteristics. The electron microscope instrumental effects have been considered. Transmission electron microscopy is a powerful experimental tool, very effective for the complete characterization of nanocrystalline materials by employing a combination of imaging, spectroscopy and diffraction techniques. Electron powder diffraction (EPD) pattern fingerprinting in association with chemical information from spectroscopy can be used to deduce the identity of the crystalline phases. Furthermore, EPD has similar potential to X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for extracting additional information regarding material specimens, such as microstructural features and defect structures. The aim of this paper is to extend a full-pattern fitting procedure, broadly used for analysing XRPD patterns, to EPD. The interest of this approach is twofold: in the first place, the relatively short times involved with data acquisition allow one to speed up the characterization procedures. This is a particularly interesting aspect in the case of metastable structures or kinetics studies. Moreover, the reduced sampling volumes involved with electron diffraction analyses can better reveal surface alteration layers in the analysed specimen which might be completely overlooked by conventional bulk techniques. The first step forward to have an effective application of the proposed methodology concerns establishing a reliable calibration protocol to take into correct account the instrumental effects and thus separate them from those determined by the structure, microstructure and texture of the analysed samples. In this paper, the methodology for determining the instrumental broadening of the diffraction lines is demonstrated through a full quantitative analysis based on the Rietveld refinement of the EPD. In this regard, a CeO2 nanopowder reference specimen has been used. The results provide indications also on the specific features that a good calibration standard should have.
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Pini F, Pilot R, Ischia G, Agnoli S, Amendola V. Au-Ag Alloy Nanocorals with Optimal Broadband Absorption for Sunlight-Driven Thermoplasmonic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:28924-28935. [PMID: 35713483 PMCID: PMC9247974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles are efficient converters of light into heat but typically cover a limited spectral range or have intense light scattering, resulting in unsuited for broadband thermoplasmonic applications and sunlight-driven heat generation. Here, Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles were deliberately molded with an irregular nanocoral (NC) shape to obtain broadband plasmon absorption from the visible to the near-infrared yet at a lower cost compared to pure Au nanostructures. The Au-Ag NCs are produced through a green and scalable methodology that relies on pulsed laser fragmentation in a liquid, without chemicals or capping molecules, leaving the particles surface free for conjugation with thiolated molecules and enabling full processability and easy inclusion in various matrixes. Numerical calculations showed that panchromism, i.e., the occurrence of a broadband absorption from the visible to the near-infrared region, is due to the special morphology of Au-Ag alloy NCs and consists of a purely absorptive behavior superior to monometallic Au or Ag NCs. The thermoplasmonic properties were assessed by multiwavelength light-to-heat conversion experiments and exploited for the realization of a cellulose-based solar-steam generation device with low-cost, simple design but competitive performances. Overall, here it is shown how laser light can be used to harvest solar light. Besides, the optimized broadband plasmon absorption, the green synthetic procedure, and the other set of positive features for thermoplasmonic applications of Au-Ag NCs will contribute to the development of environmentally friendly devices of practical utility in a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilot
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Consorzio
INSTM, via G. Giusti
9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Amendola
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Sinha A, Ischia G, Straffelini G, Gialanella S. A new sample preparation protocol for SEM and TEM particulate matter analysis. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 230:113365. [PMID: 34358961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology has been developed to prepare electron microscopy, both SEM and TEM, specimens starting from particulate matter collected using environmental sampling systems. The approach is based on the extraction of the particles to be analyzed from the harvesting substrates. The extracted particles can be directly observed in an SEM, possibly in low-vacuum mode to prevent electrical charging. In order to prepare electron transparent samples, TEM observations require a further step, consisting in embedding the particles in an electron transparent carbon film deposited before dissolving the acetate extracting substrate. The protocol has been tested by analyzing particles collected during bench tests on brake pads and discs, carried out on a dynamometer equipped with a particulate matter sampling apparatus. The main advantages of the approach are: the complete extraction of the particulate matter specimens from the original substrates, that in this way do not interfere with the analyses; the extracted samples retain the topological information of the collection in the specimens prepared for SEM; possibility to be applied to any kind of particulate matter harvesting substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sinha
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Straffelini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Gialanella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Lam Tran TN, Szczurek A, Varas S, Armellini C, Carpentiero A, Chiappini A, Iacob E, Ischia G, Berneschi S, Conti GN, Bollani M, Scotognella F, Righini GC, Głuchowski P, Chiasera A, Lukowiak A, Ferrari M. Enhanced photorefractivity and rare-earth photoluminescence in SnO 2 nanocrystals-based photonic glass-ceramics. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202125505001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents state of the art rare-earth activated SnO2 nanocrystals - based transparent glass-ceramics. With combined enhancements in both photorefractivity and rare-earth photoluminescence, the glass-ceramic has unique benefits as a lasing material. It exhibits high photorefractivity with UV induced refractive index modifications in the order of 10-3. Exploiting its high photorefractivity, optical gratings are fabricated on the glass-ceramic under an energy-efficient direct UV writing process. Furthermore, SnO2 semiconductor nanocrystals are also employed as efficient rare-earth sensitizers enhancing drastically the rare-earth photoluminescence.
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Chistè E, Ischia G, Gerosa M, Marzola P, Scarpa M, Daldosso N. Porous Si Microparticles Infiltrated with Magnetic Nanospheres. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10030463. [PMID: 32143523 PMCID: PMC7153621 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) microparticles obtained by porosification of crystalline silicon wafers have unique optical properties that, together with biodegradability, biocompatibility and absence of immunogenicity, are fundamental characteristics to candidate them as tracers in optical imaging techniques and as drug carriers. In this work, we focus on the possibility to track down the pSi microparticles also by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), thus realizing a comprehensive tool for theranostic applications, i.e., the combination of therapy and diagnostics. We have developed and tested an easy, quick and low-cost protocol to infiltrate the COOH-functionalized pSi microparticles pores (tens of nanometers about) with magnetic nanospheres (SPIONs-Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, about 5-7 nm) and allow an electrostatic interaction. The structural properties and the elemental composition were investigated by electron microscopy techniques coupled to elemental analysis to demonstrate the effective attachment of the SPIONs along the pores' surface of the pSi microparticles. The magnetic properties were investigated under an external magnetic field to determine the relaxivity properties of the material and resulting in an alteration of the relaxivity of water due to the SPIONs presence, clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of the easy functionalization protocol proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chistè
- Department of Computer Science, Fluorescence Laboratory, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Marco Gerosa
- Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Morphological-Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Marina Scarpa
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Nanoscience, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Nicola Daldosso
- Department of Computer Science, Fluorescence Laboratory, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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De Fazio AF, Morgese G, Mognato M, Piotto C, Pedron D, Ischia G, Causin V, Rosenboom JG, Benetti EM, Gross S. Robust and Biocompatible Functionalization of ZnS Nanoparticles by Catechol-Bearing Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)s. Langmuir 2018; 34:11534-11543. [PMID: 30170495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly interesting materials for their electronic and luminescent properties. Unfortunately, their robust and stable functionalization and stabilization, especially in aqueous media, has represented a challenging and not yet completely accomplished task. In this work, we report the synthesis of colloidally stable, photoluminescent and biocompatible core-polymer shell ZnS and ZnS:Tb NPs by employing a water-in-oil miniemulsion (ME) process combined with surface functionalization via catechol-bearing poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline (PMOXA) of various molar masses. The strong binding of catechol anchors to the metal cations of the ZnS surface, coupled with the high stability of PMOXA against chemical degradation, enable the formation of suspensions presenting excellent colloidal stability. This feature, combined with the assessed photoluminescence and biocompatibility, make these hybrid NPs suitable for optical bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Federica De Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
- Physics and Astronomy , University of Southampton, Highfield Campus SO17 1BJ , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093-CH Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Dipartimento di Biologia , Università degli Studi di Padova , via U. Bassi 58/B , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Celeste Piotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia , Università degli Studi di Padova , via U. Bassi 58/B , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Danilo Pedron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Gloria Ischia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale , Università di Trento , via Sommarive 9 , 38122 Trento , Italy
| | - Valerio Causin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Jan-Georg Rosenboom
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093-CH Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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Dolcet P, Casarin M, Maccato C, Bovo L, Ischia G, Gialanella S, Mancin F, Tondello E, Gross S. Miniemulsions as chemical nanoreactors for the room temperature synthesis of inorganic crystalline nanostructures: ZnO colloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Famengo A, Anantharaman S, Ischia G, Causin V, Natile MM, Maccato C, Tondello E, Bertagnolli H, Gross S. Facile and Reproducible Synthesis of Nanostructured Colloidal ZnO Nanoparticles from Zinc Acetylacetonate: Effect of Experimental Parameters and Mechanistic Investigations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ischia G, Wenk HR, Lutterotti L, Berberich F. Quantitative Rietveld texture analysis of zirconium from single synchrotron diffraction images. J Appl Crystallogr 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889805006059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferred orientation is immediately visible on synchrotron diffraction images as intensity variations along Debye rings. In this report, the Rietveld method is applied to obtain quantitative information about the orientation distribution from the analysis of a single synchrotron diffraction image. The method is illustrated for hexagonal cold-rolled zirconium, investigatedin situin a vacuum furnace with high-energy X-rays, both before and after the onset of recrystallization.
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