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Wewers M, Finke JH, Czyz S, Van Eerdenbrugh B, John E, Büch G, Juhnke M, Bunjes H, Kwade A. Evaluation of the Formulation Parameter-Dependent Redispersibility of API Nanoparticles from Fluid Bed Granules. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081688. [PMID: 36015314 PMCID: PMC9414476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of nanosuspensions of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a popular technique to counteract challenges regarding bioavailability of such active substances. A subsequent drying of the nanosuspensions is advantageous to improve the long-term stability and the further processing into solid oral dosage forms. However, associated drying operations are critical, especially with regard to nanoparticle growth, loss in redispersibility and associated compromised bioavailability. This work extends a previous study regarding the applicability of an API (itraconazole) nanosuspension as a granulation liquid in a fluidized bed process with focus on the influence of applied formulation parameters on the structure of obtained nanoparticle-loaded granules and their nanoparticle redispersibility. Generally, a higher dissolution rate of the carrier material (glass beads, lactose, mannitol or sucrose) and a higher content of a matrix former/hydrophilic polymer (PVP/VA or HPMC) in the granulation liquid resulted in the formation of coarser and more porous granules with improved nanoparticle redispersibility. HPMC was found to have advantages as a polymer compared with PVP/VA. In general, a better redispersibility of the nanoparticles from the granules could be associated with better dispersion of the API nanoparticles at the surface of the granules as deduced from the thickness of nanoparticle-loaded layers around the granules. The layer thickness on granules was assessed by means of confocal Raman microscopy. Finally, the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the granule layers was exemplarily described by calculation of theoretical mean nanoparticle distances in the granule layers and was correlated with data obtained from redispersibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wewers
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Czyz
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Edgar John
- Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Büch
- Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Heike Bunjes
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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