1
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Andrews N, Legg E, Lisak D, Issop Y, Richardson D, Harper S, Pheby T, Huang W, Burgess G, Machin I, Rice ASC. Spontaneous burrowing behaviour in the rat is reduced by peripheral nerve injury or inflammation associated pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:485-95. [PMID: 22396078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pain influences many aspects of daily living and effective analgesics should reinstate normal spontaneous daily behaviours. Experiments are described herein which show that the innate, spontaneous behaviour of burrowing by rats, which can be simply and objectively assessed by measuring the amount of gravel left in a hollow tube 1 h after presentation to the rat, is reduced by peripheral nerve injury (tibial nerve transection (TNT), L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT) and partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)) and also following inflammation induced by intra-plantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Gabapentin (100 mg/kg sc) but not at 30 mg/kg sc significantly reduced burrowing activity in naive rats. All peripheral nerve injuries and CFA reduced burrowing compared with shams and rats naive to surgery. The level of mechanical hypersensitivity in rats with peripheral nerve injury did not correlate with the deficit in burrowing indicating that different parameters of the holistic pain experience are measured in these paradigms. Gabapentin at 30 mg/kg sc, but not 100 mg/kg sc, reversed the deficit in burrowing induced by TNT and ibuprofen (30 mg/kg sc) reversed the effect of CFA on burrowing. These experiments show that measurement of burrowing is a simple, objective assay of innate rodent behaviour affected by pain that is ethologically relevant to the rat, does not rely wholly on evoking a reflex and can dissociate a selective analgesic dose of gabapentin from one inducing motor impairment in the same animal.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
13 |
132 |
2
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Sandrini G, Färkkilä M, Burgess G, Forster E, Haughie S. Eletriptan vs sumatriptan: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple migraine attack study. Neurology 2002; 59:1210-7. [PMID: 12391349 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.8.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of oral eletriptan, 40 mg and 80 mg, and oral sumatriptan, 50 mg and 100 mg, in the acute treatment of migraine. METHODS Patients with a history of migraine (n = 1,008) were randomly assigned to receive placebo, 40 mg of eletriptan, 80 mg of eletriptan, 50 mg of sumatriptan, or 100 mg of sumatriptan to treat up to three attacks. Early headache response (at 1 hour) was the primary endpoint, in addition to the standard endpoint, 2-hour headache response. RESULTS Headache response rates were 12% at 1 hour and 31% at 2 hours for placebo; 24% at 1 hour and 50% at 2 hours for sumatriptan 50 mg; 27% at 1 hour and 53% at 2 hours for sumatriptan 100 mg; 30% at 1 hour and 64% at 2 hours for eletriptan 40 mg; and 37% at 1 hour and 67% at 2 hours for eletriptan 80 mg. More patients receiving eletriptan 80 mg achieved a 1-hour headache response than did patients receiving sumatriptan 50 mg (p < 0.05). All doses of eletriptan were superior to sumatriptan at 2 hours for headache response and complete pain relief (p < 0.05). Significantly more patients on eletriptan 80 mg achieved headache response in all attacks than did patients receiving either sumatriptan dose. Eletriptan 40 mg was superior to both sumatriptan doses in functional improvement (p < 0.005). The superior efficacy of both eletriptan doses was associated with higher rates of patient acceptability than sumatriptan 50 mg (p < 0.05). Eletriptan and sumatriptan were well tolerated. CONCLUSION Oral eletriptan (40 mg and 80 mg) is effective, safe, and tolerable in the acute treatment of migraine and yields a consistent response.
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Clinical Trial |
23 |
72 |
3
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Burgess GE, Cooper JR, Marino RJ, Peuler MJ, Warriner RA. Laryngeal competence after tracheal extubation. Anesthesiology 1979; 51:73-7. [PMID: 453595 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197907000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46 |
67 |
4
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Regan JD, Setlow RB, Kaback MM, Howell RR, Klein E, Burgess G. Xeroderma pigmentosum: a rapid sensitive method for prenatal diagnosis. Science 1971; 174:147-50. [PMID: 5119624 DOI: 10.1126/science.174.4005.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
When normal human cells, capable of repairing ultraviolet-induced lesions in their DNA, are incubated in the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine after ultraviolet irradiation, the analog is incorporated into the repaired regions. When such repaired cells are subsequently irradiated with 313-nanometer radiation and placed in alkali, breaks appear in the DNA at sites of incorporation of 5bromodeoxyuridine, inducing a dramatic downward shift in the sedimentation constant of the DNA. Cells from patients with the disease xeroderma pigmentosum, which causes sensitivity to ultraviolet, are incapable or only minimally capable of repair; such cells incorporate little 5-bromodeoxyuridine into their DNA under these conditions and, upon 313-nanometer irradiation and sedimentation in alkali, exhibit only minor shifts in DNA sedimentation constants. When fibroblasts developed from biopsies of normal skin and of skin from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, as well as cells cultured from midtrimester amniotic fluid, were assayed in this fashion unequivocal differences between normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells were shown. Xeroderma pigmentosum heterozygotes are clearly distinguishable from homozygous mutants, and results are available 12 hours after irradiation.
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54 |
63 |
5
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Wayman C, Phillips S, Lunny C, Webb T, Fawcett L, Baxendale R, Burgess G. Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) regulation of spermatozoa physiology. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17:216-23. [PMID: 15800654 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization is well correlated with sperm concentration, rate of forward motility, and percentage of live, uncapacitated ejaculated spermatozoa, which is regulated in part by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding monophosphates, thereby counterbalancing the activities of cAMP and cGMP, and PDE11 is highly expressed in the testis, prostate, and developing spermatozoa. However, a physiological role of PDE11 is not known. We generated PDE11 knockout (PDE11-/-) mice to investigate the role of PDE11 in spermatozoa physiology. Ejaculated sperm from PDE11-/- mice displayed reduced sperm concentration, rate of forward progression, and percentage of live spermatozoa. Pre-ejaculated sperm from PDE11-/- mice displayed increased premature/spontaneous capacitance. These data are consistent with human data and suggest a role for PDE11 in spermatogenesis and fertilization potential. This is the first phenotype described for the PDE11-/- mouse and the first report of a physiological role for PDE11.
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Journal Article |
20 |
60 |
6
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Paviour DC, Winterburn D, Simmonds S, Burgess G, Wilkinson L, Fox NC, Lees AJ, Jahanshahi M. Can the frontal assessment battery (FAB) differentiate bradykinetic rigid syndromes? Relation of the FAB to formal neuropsychological testing. Neurocase 2005; 11:274-82. [PMID: 16093228 DOI: 10.1080/13554790590962933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is a bedside test of executive function. It takes less than 10 minutes to administer and a low score indicates executive dysfunction. To determine whether the FAB could detect the more severe subcortical dementia that is a feature of PSP and differentiate it from other bradykinetic rigid syndromes, we studied 17 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); 11 with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and 12 with Parkinson's disease (PD). We compared FAB scores with the results of more detailed tests of executive and general cognitive function.FAB scores were significantly lower in PSP than in MSA or PD (p=0.02 and p<0.001) and were also found to be significantly lower in MSA than in PD (p=0.047). We divided the study group into those with an FAB score <15 and those with an FAB score>/=5, regardless of the clinical diagnosis. While 82% of the PSP group had FAB scores of <15, such scores were recorded in only 36% of the MSA and 8% of the PD groups. The lexical fluency and motor series subscores of the FAB discriminated 70% of the PSP, MSA and PD patients. The FAB scores correlated with tests of executive function, as well as with scores on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, the Mini Mental State Examination and other tests of general cognitive function. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that across the groups, among the variables that correlated with FAB scores, alternating semantic fluency accounted for 80% of FAB variance.These results suggest that the FAB is a valid and easily applicable bedside test to discriminate executive dysfunction in these three frequently confused bradykinetic rigid syndromes.
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Comparative Study |
20 |
54 |
7
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Shiffman ML, Pockros P, McHutchison JG, Schiff ER, Morris M, Burgess G. Clinical trial: the efficacy and safety of oral PF-03491390, a pancaspase inhibitor - a randomized placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:969-78. [PMID: 20163376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reflect hepatocellular injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Increased apoptosis and activated caspases are present in these patients. PF-03491390 inhibits multiple caspases and lowers serum AST and ALT levels in patients with chronic liver diseases. AIM To determine if treatment with an oral pancaspase inhibitor could reduce serum AST and ALT in patients with HCV. METHODS Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-dose study in 204 patients treated with placebo or PF-03491390 (5, 25 or 50 mg) orally twice daily (b.d.) for up to 12 weeks. Serum AST and ALT were monitored weekly. RESULTS Significant reductions in serum AST and ALT were observed within 1 week of initiating PF-03491390 in all treatment groups (P < 0.0001). These reductions in AST and ALT were maintained throughout the 12 week treatment period and returned to baseline levels when PF-03491390 was discontinued. Increasing the dose did not further lower AST or ALT. The most frequently reported adverse events were headache and fatigue. CONCLUSION PF-03491390 significantly reduced serum AST and ALT levels in patients with chronic HCV, and was well tolerated over 12 weeks.
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Randomized Controlled Trial |
15 |
49 |
8
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Owen H, Follows V, Reynolds KJ, Burgess G, Plummer J. Learning to apply effective cricoid pressure using a part task trainer. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:1098-101. [PMID: 12392458 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An anatomically-correct model of a larynx inside a head and neck model was constructed so that the location, direction and amount of force applied to the neck could be measured. Fifty trained staff from three general hospitals were then asked to apply cricoid pressure on the model. None was able to state the force that should be applied (30 N), and only five (10%) actually applied cricoid pressure effectively. After training using the model, 45 (90%) applied cricoid pressure correctly (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that improved training in cricoid pressure is needed and supports earlier researchers who suggested that this can be achieved using simulators.
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Evaluation Study |
23 |
44 |
9
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Haynes L, Arzey E, Bell C, Buchanan N, Burgess G, Cronan V, Dickason C, Field H, Gibbs S, Hansbro PM, Hollingsworth T, Hurt AC, Kirkland P, McCracken H, O’Connor J, Tracey J, Wallner J, Warner S, Woods R, Bunn C. Australian surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds between July 2005 and June 2007. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:266-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16 |
43 |
10
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Cherry N, Moore H, McNamee R, Pacey A, Burgess G, Clyma JA, Dippnall M, Baillie H, Povey A. Occupation and male infertility: glycol ethers and other exposures. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65:708-14. [PMID: 18417551 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2007.035824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relation between male infertility and occupational exposures, particularly glycol ethers. METHODS A case-referent study was designed in which men attending 14 fertility clinics in 11 centres across the UK in 1999-2002 were recruited following 12 months of unprotected intercourse and without a previous semen analysis. Cases were those with low motile sperm concentration (MSC) relative to the time since their last ejaculation (MSC <12 x 10(6) for 3 days of abstinence). Referents were other men attending these clinics and meeting the inclusion criteria. A single semen sample was collected at the clinic and analysed at the andrology laboratory serving each hospital. Concentration was determined manually with motility assessed centrally from video recordings. Exposures and confounding factors were assessed from self-completed and nurse-interviewer questionnaires, completed prior to the results of the semen analysis. The occupational histories were assessed for exposures relative to UK norms by a team of occupational hygienists blind to case status. RESULTS Of 2118 men in employment at the time of the interview, 874 (41.3%) were cases. Work with organic solvents, particularly glycol ethers, in the 3 months before the first clinic visit was associated with the likelihood of low motile sperm count. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for moderate and high glycol ether exposure (compared with none) were 1.70 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.61) and 2.54 (95% CI: 1.24 to 5.21). Adjustment for potential confounders (surgery to the testes, previous conception, wearing boxer shorts, drinking alcohol, employed in manual work) reduced the risk associated with glycol ether exposure: moderate OR = 1.46 (95% CI: 0.93 to 2.28), high OR = 2.25 (95% CI: 1.08 to 4.69). No other occupational risk factor was identified. CONCLUSIONS Glycol ether exposure was related to low motile sperm count in men attending fertility clinics. This suggests that, at the time of the study, glycol ethers continued to be a hazard for male fertility.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
17 |
43 |
11
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Huang TJ, Haddad EB, Fox AJ, Salmon M, Jones C, Burgess G, Chung KF. Contribution of bradykinin B(1) and B(2) receptors in allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1717-23. [PMID: 10556146 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9901029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is a peptide mediator generated at sites of inflammation and its effects are mediated through constitutively expressed B(2) receptor or through induction of B(1) receptors. We examined the role of these receptors in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Brown-Norway rats sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) and Al(OH)(3) intraperitoneally, were exposed 3 wk later to either saline or OA aerosol. B(1) receptor antagonist desArg(10)[Hoe140] (200 nmol/kg or 1 micromol/kg, intraperitoneally) or B(2) receptor antagonist Hoe140 (200 nmol/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered 30 min before allergen exposure. Hoe140 had no effect on OA-induced BHR to acetylcholine (ACh) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellular profiles, but inhibited bronchoconstriction to BK (p < 0.04). At both doses, desArg(10)[Hoe140] dose-dependently inhibited allergen-induced BHR to ACh (p < 0.01), but had no effect on bronchoconstriction to BK or baseline ACh responsiveness. The inflammatory cells in BALF were not affected apart from reduced lymphocyte numbers at the highest dose. B(1) receptor mRNA expression measured by Northern analysis was increased after allergen exposure in sensitized lungs, with a peak at 2 to 6 h after exposure, whereas B(2) receptor mRNA expression remained unchanged. Newly induced BK B(1) receptors may be involved in allergen-induced BHR to ACh, whereas constitutive B(2) receptors mediate BK-induced bronchoconstriction.
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26 |
39 |
12
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Burgess GE, LeJeune FE. Endotracheal tube ignition during laser surgery of the larynx. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1979; 105:561-2. [PMID: 573110 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1979.00790210059013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ignition of an endotracheal tube was caused by laser penetration of an unprotected portion of the tube during resection of laryngeal papillomas. We discuss the factors that contributed to the ignition, the hazards that were encountered, and the methods of prevention that were used.
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Case Reports |
46 |
39 |
13
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Weis SE, Moonan PK, Pogoda JM, Turk L, King B, Freeman-Thompson S, Burgess G. Tuberculosis in the foreign-born population of Tarrant county, Texas by immigration status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:953-7. [PMID: 11587977 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of tuberculosis is changing in the United States as a result of immigration, yet the extent to which different classes of immigrants contribute to overall morbidity is unknown. Tuberculosis in nonimmigrant visitors is of particular interest as they are currently exempt from screening requirements. We conducted a prospective survey of all culture-positive tuberculosis patients in Tarrant County, Texas from 1/98 to 12/00. Immigration status of foreign-born patients was classified as permanent residents, undocumented, or nonimmigrant visitors. Of 274 eligible participants, 114 (42%) were foreign-born; of these, 67 (59%) were permanent residents, 28 (25%) were undocumented, and 19 (17%) were nonimmigrant visitors. Among the foreign-born, we observed significant differences by immigration status in multidrug resistance (p = 0.02), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (p = 0.0007), and hospitalization (p = 0.03 for ever/never, 0.01 for duration). Compared with other immigrants, more nonimmigrant visitors were multi-drug-resistant (16 % versus 11% of undocumented residents and 1% of permanent residents), were HIV-positive (32% versus 0% of undocumented and 5% of permanent residents), were hospitalized (47% versus 36% of undocumented and 19% of permanent residents), and had lengthy hospitalizations (median [midspread] days = 87 [25 to 153] versus 8.5 [4 to 28] for undocumented and 10 [7 to 24 d] for permanent residents). We found nonimmigrant visitors to be an important source of tuberculosis morbidity in Tarrant County. Further studies in other regions of the U.S. are needed to determine if screening and treatment recommendations of persons who spend extended periods in the U.S. should be raised to the standards set for permanent residents.
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Comparative Study |
24 |
36 |
14
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Rios M, Chaudhuri A, Mallinson G, Sausais L, Gomensoro-Garcia AE, Hannon J, Rosenberger S, Poole J, Burgess G, Pogo O, Reid M. New genotypes in Fy(a-b-) individuals: nonsense mutations (Trp to stop) in the coding sequence of either FY A or FY B. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:448-54. [PMID: 10691880 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Duffy blood group antigens are carried on a glycoprotein that is predicted to pass through the erythrocyte membrane seven times and is a promiscuous chemokine receptor. The Fy(a- b-) phenotype is present in two-thirds of African-American Blacks but is rare in Caucasians. In Blacks, the phenotype is due to a non-functional GATA-1 motif in the FY B, which silences the gene in erythrocytes but not in other tissues, and these patients do not generally make anti-Fyb or anti-Fy3. We describe here the molecular analysis of FY in three unrelated Caucasians who were studied because they had strong anti-Fy3 in their serum. Each was found to have a point mutation that was predicted to change a tryptophan to a premature stop codon in the coding sequence. In one patient (patient 1), the nonsense mutation was at nucleotide 287 of the major transcript in FY A; in another (patient 2), it was at nucleotide 407 in the major transcript of FY B; and in a third (patient 3), it was at nucleotide 408 of the major transcript of FY A.
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Case Reports |
25 |
32 |
15
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Burgess GE, Cooper JR, Marino RJ, Peuler MJ. Continuous monitoring of skin temperature using a liquid-crystal thermometer during anesthesia. South Med J 1978; 71:516-8. [PMID: 644359 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197805000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Forehead skin temperature measured by a stip of liquid-crystal material was compared to esophageal, rectal, and axillary temperatures measured by thermistor probes in patients having general anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting. Before extracorporeal circulation, forehead skin temperature was lower than axillary, rectal, and esophageal temperatures by approximately 2.2 C (4.0 F). During rapid warming, forehead skin temperature rose concurrently with the other temperatures measured but remained significantly different. The liquid-crystal strip may be useful as a safe, convenient method for routine monitoring of temperature trends during general anesthesia in patients whose exact core temperature need not be continuously monitored. We believe that infants, patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation, major abdominal, vascular, or neurosurgical procedures, or patients with a history of temperature regulatory problem are probably best monitored by a method which more exactly reflects core temperature.
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Comparative Study |
47 |
28 |
16
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McNamee R, Burgess G, Dippnall WM, Cherry N. Occupational noise exposure and ischaemic heart disease mortality. Occup Environ Med 2006; 63:813-9. [PMID: 16912090 PMCID: PMC2078014 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2005.026245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the hypothesis that long term exposure to excessive noise can increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease. METHODS A case-control design, nested within a cohort of nuclear power workers employed at two sites in England over the period 1950-98, was used. Cases were men who died from ischaemic heart disease (ICD-9: 410-414) aged 75 or under; each was matched to a surviving control of the nearest age who joined the same site at the same time. Personal noise exposure was assessed retrospectively for each man by hygienists using (1) company work histories, (2) noise survey records from 1965-98, and (3) judgements about likely use of hearing protection devices. Men were classified into four groups according to their cumulative exposure to noise, with men whose exposure at the company never exceeded 85dB(A) for at least one year being considered "unexposed". Risks were compared via odds ratios (ORs) using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, height, BMI, and smoking, as measured at recruitment to the company. RESULTS Analysis was based on 1101 case-control pairs. There was little difference between the exposure groups at recruitment. There was no evidence of increased risk at site A: the ORs for ischaemic heart disease mortality among low, medium, and high exposure categories, compared to unexposed men, being 1.04, 1.00, and 0.77. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) at site B were 1.15 (0.81-1.65) 1.45 (1.02-2.06), and 1.37 (0.96-1.96). When the comparison was confined to men with at least five years of employment, these dropped to 1.07 (0.64-1.77), 1.33 (0.88-2.01), and 1.21 (0.82-1.79) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The authors did not find statistically robust evidence of increased risk but the estimates at site B are consistent with those in a major cohort study. A strength of the present study is that the validity of noise estimation at site B has been demonstrated elsewhere.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
19 |
25 |
17
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Klein E, Stoll HL, Miller E, Milgrom H, Helm F, Burgess G. The effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ointment in the treatment of neoplastic dermatoses. DERMATOLOGICA 1970; 140:Suppl 1:21-33. [PMID: 4919322 DOI: 10.1159/000252591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Clinical Trial |
55 |
25 |
18
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Burgess GE, Marino RJ, Peuler MJ. Effect of head position on the location of venous catheters inserted via basilic veins. Anesthesiology 1977; 46:212-3. [PMID: 842875 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-197703000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48 |
22 |
19
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Moore J, Boswell S, Hoffman R, Burgess G, Hromas R. Mutant H-ras over-expression inhibits a random apoptotic nuclease in myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Res 1993; 17:703-9. [PMID: 7689129 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(93)90078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell suicide, or apoptosis, is now recognized as an essential regulatory step in such diverse developmental processes as embryogenesis, thymocyte restriction, and hematopoiesis. One of the major features of apoptosis is the activation of an endogenous nuclease that cleaves DNA into nucleosomal fragments. Little is known about the activation or specificity of the apoptotic endonuclease. In this study, we investigated signalling pathways and the specificity of the apoptotic nuclease. We found that forced over-expression of activated H-ras inhibited activation of the apoptotic endonuclease. Since a high percentage of myelodysplasias and leukemias have mutations that activate ras, this finding lends insight into how ras might be leukemogenic. In addition, the phorbol ester TPA and a cyclic AMP analogue also slowed activation of this endonuclease. Interestingly, protein synthesis inhibition stimulated the endonuclease activity. In addition, by cloning and sequencing apoptotic fragments we found that the apoptotic nuclease has no sequence specificity. Thus, the apoptotic nuclease inhibited by H-ras over-expression was random in nature.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Base Composition
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Line
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Endodeoxyribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Expression
- Genes, ras
- Leukemia, Experimental
- Leukemia, Myeloid
- Mice
- Nucleosomes/metabolism
- Point Mutation
- Poly A/genetics
- Poly A/isolation & purification
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Thymidine Kinase/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Comparative Study |
32 |
20 |
20
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Carlson JK, Hale LF, Morgan A, Burgess G. Relative abundance and size of coastal sharks derived from commercial shark longline catch and effort data. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:1749-1764. [PMID: 22497406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the north-west Atlantic Ocean, stock assessments conducted for some commercially harvested coastal sharks indicate declines from 64 to 80% with respect to virgin population levels. While the status of commercially important species is available, abundance trend information for other coastal shark species in the north-west Atlantic Ocean are unavailable. Using a generalized linear modelling (GLM) approach, a relative abundance index was derived from 1994 to 2009 using observer data collected in a commercial bottom longline fishery. Trends in abundance and average size were estimated for bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna, tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier and lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris. Increases in relative abundance for all shark species ranged from 14% for C. brevipinna, 12% for C. leucas, 6% for N. brevirostris and 3% for G. cuvier. There was no significant change in the size at capture over the time period considered for all species. While the status of shark populations should not be based exclusively on abundance trend information, but ultimately on stock assessment models, results from this study provide some cause for optimism on the status of these coastal shark species.
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Gummow B, Tan RHH, Joice RK, Burgess G, Picard J. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of mosquito-borne alphaviruses in horses in northern Queensland. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:243-251. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ariel E, Wirth W, Burgess G, Scott J, Owens L. Pathogenicity in six Australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with Bohle iridovirus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 115:203-212. [PMID: 26290505 DOI: 10.3354/dao02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ranaviruses are able to infect multiple species of fish, amphibian and reptile, and some strains are capable of interclass transmission. These numerous potential carriers and reservoir species compound efforts to control and contain infections in cultured and wild populations, and a comprehensive knowledge of susceptible species and life stage is necessary to inform such processes. Here we report on the challenge of 6 water-associated reptiles with Bohle iridovirus (BIV) to investigate its potential pathogenicity in common native reptiles of the aquatic and riparian fauna of northern Queensland, Australia. Adult tortoises Elseya latisternum and Emydura krefftii, snakes Boiga irregularis, Dendrelaphis punctulatus and Amphiesma mairii, and yearling crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni were exposed via intracoelomic inoculation or co-habitation with infected con-specifics, but none were adversely affected by the challenge conditions applied here. Bohle iridovirus was found to be extremely virulent in hatchling tortoises E. latisternum and E. krefftii via intracoelomic challenge, as demonstrated by distinct lesions in multiple organs associated with specific immunohistochemistry staining and a lethal outcome (10/17) of the challenge. Virus was re-isolated from 2/5 E. latisternum, 4/12 E. krefftii and 1/3 brown tree snakes B. irregularis. Focal necrosis, haemorrhage and infiltration of granulocytes were frequently observed histologically in the pancreas, liver and sub-mucosa of the intestine of challenged tortoise hatchlings. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of ranavirus antigens in the necrotic lesions and in individual cells of the vascular endothelium, the connective tissue and in granulocytes associated with necrosis or present along serosal surfaces. The outcome of this study confirms hatchling tortoises are susceptible to BIV, thereby adding Australian reptiles to the host range of ranaviruses. Additionally, given that BIV was originally isolated from an amphibian, our study provides additional evidence that interclass transmission of ranavirus may occur in the wild.
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58 |
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Kildahl-Andersen O, Bjark P, Bondevik A, Bull O, Burgess G, Dehli O, Hoel S, Jaeger S, Kvambe V, Mürer F. Multiple myeloma in central and northern Norway 1981-1982: a follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial of 5-drug combination therapy versus standard therapy. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1988; 41:47-51. [PMID: 3042453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1988.tb00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a randomized study of 92 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma, the intention was to document the possible beneficial effect of combination chemotherapy including vincristine, carmustine, alkylating agents and prednisone, as compared to conventional therapy with melphalan and prednisone. Major prognostic factors did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. With the 2-drug therapy and 5-drug combination therapy, 48 and 54% of the patients achieved remission, respectively. Median survival for patients treated with the 2-drug regimen and 5-drug regimen was 29 and 33.5 months, respectively. No significant difference was found between the survival curves for stage III patients treated with the two regimens. After 12 months, patients who had achieved remission were randomized to have treatment discontinued or to have maintenance treatment. The numbers of relapses, remission duration and survival of the two groups were similar.
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Burgess GE, Cooper JR, Marino RJ, Peuler MJ. Anesthetic management of combined cesarean section and excision of pheochromocytoma. Anesth Analg 1978; 57:276-9. [PMID: 565170 DOI: 10.1213/00000539-197803000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47 |
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