Quality Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Fine dust Management

Background

Recently, the use of fine dust management mobile applications has been on the rise in South Korea. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of fine dust and air pollution mhealth apps used in Korea and to make qualitative assessments of them.

Methods

App search contents analysis 400 apps were searched using PM2.5, PM10 and yellow dust, the main keywords related to fine dust, referring to the preceding reference from December 30, 2019 to January 2, 2020. Among the apps searched, apps that meet all six criteria, such as those with 1) user score ≥4.0, 2) n of review Top 50, 3) those that do not duplicated, 4) apps that are related to the topic, 5) apps set in Korean, and 6) apps that do not have errors, were selected for the study. App assessment The app evaluation of the study utilizes the MARS scale, an app assessment tool developed overseas. The assessment was conducted for a week from January 3, 2020 to January 10, 2020. Each of the apps averaged scores evaluated over a week for each category and averaged over five categories for an overall quality score.

Results

The standard deviation of the information and functionality of the 30 apps was similar, with 3.62 (SD 0.38) and 3.58 (SD 0.43), respectively. On the other hand, engagement was the lowest with an average of 3.1 (SD 0.44). The average of aesthetics was 3.4 (SD 0.64), indicating that deviations between apps were very large

Conclusions

It is deemed necessary to improve the user interface (UI) and configuration of the app to enhance the application's engagement and aesthetics in order to increase the use of fine dust apps by consumers and gain effect.

Key messages

This research provided information that consumers can reasonably use and select mobile health apps by evaluating and reviewing the contents of fine dust and air pollution mobile health apps. this study is important in that it can serve as a reference for app developers to consider in future app development.

Vacuum ultraviolet laser pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study ofcis-dichloroethene

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectrum of cis-dichloroethene (cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl) has been measured in the energy region of 77 600-79 500 cm(-1). On the basis of the semiempirical simulation of the origin PFI-PE band, we have obtained the IE(cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl) to be 77 899.5+/-2.0 cm(-1) (9.658 39+/-0.000 25 eV). The assignment of the vibrational bands resolved in the VUV-PFI-PE spectrum are guided by high-level ab initio calculations of the vibrational frequencies for cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl(+) and the Franck-Condon factors for the ionization transitions. Combining the results of the present VUV-PFI-PE measurement and the recent VUV-infrared-photoinduced Rydberg ionization study, the vibrational frequencies for eleven of the twelve vibrational modes of cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl(+) have been experimentally determined: nu(1) (+)(a(1))=181 cm(-1), nu(2) (+)(a(2))=277 cm(-1), nu(3) (+)(b(2))=580 cm(-1), nu(4) (+)(b(1))=730 cm(-1), nu(5) (+)(a(1))=810 cm(-1), nu(6) (+)(a(2))=901 cm(-1), nu(8) (+)(a(1))=1196 cm(-1), nu(9) (+)(b(2))=1348 cm(-1), nu(10) (+)(a(1))=1429 cm(-1), nu(11) (+)(b(2))=3067 cm(-1), and nu(12) (+)(a(1))=3090 cm(-1)). These values are compared to theoretical anharmonic vibrational frequencies obtained at the MP2/6-311G(2df,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311G(2df,p) levels. The IE prediction for cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl has also been calculated with the wave function based CCSD(T)/CBS method, which involves the approximation to the complete basis set (CBS) and the high-level correlation corrections. The theoretical IE(cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl)=9.668 eV thus obtained is found to have a deviation of less than 10 meV with respect to the experimental IE value.

Infrared vibrational spectroscopy of cis-dichloroethene in Rydberg states

We have measured the infrared (IR) vibrational spectrum for cis-dichloroethene (cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl) in excited Rydberg states with the effective principal quantum numbers n(*)=9, 13, 17, 21, 28, and 55 using the vacuum ultraviolet-IR-photoinduced Rydberg ionization (VUV-IR-PIRI) scheme. Although the IR frequencies observed for the vibrational bands nu(11) (*) (asymmetric C-H stretch) and nu(12) (*) (symmetric C-H stretch) are essentially unchanged for different n(*) states, suggesting that the IR absorption predominantly involves the ion core and that the Rydberg electron behaves as a spectator; the intensity ratio for the nu(11) (*) and nu(12) (*) bands [R(nu(11) (*)nu(12) (*))] is found to decrease smoothly as n(*) is increased. This trend is consistent with the results of a model ab initio quantum calculation of R(nu(11) (*)nu(12) (*)) for excited cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl in n(*)=3-18 states and the MP26-311++G(2df,p) calculations of R(nu(11)nu(12)) and R(nu(11) (+)nu(12) (+)), where R(nu(11)nu(12))[R(nu(11) (+)nu(12) (+))] represents the intensity ratio of the nu(11)(nu(11) (+)) asymmetric C-H stretching to the nu(12)(nu(12) (+)) symmetric C-H stretching vibrational bands for cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl (cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl(+)). We have also measured the IR-VUV-photoion (IR-VUV-PI) and IR-VUV-pulsed field ionization-photoelectron depletion (IR-VUV-PFI-PED) spectra for cis-ClCH[Double Bond]CHCl. These spectra are consistent with ab initio calculations, indicating that the IR absorption cross section for the nu(12) band is negligibly small compared to that for the nu(11) band. While the VUV-IR-PIRI measurements have allowed the determination of nu(11) (+)=3067+/-2 cm(-1), nu(12) (+)=3090+/-2 cm(-1), and R(nu(11) (+)nu(12) (+)) approximately 1.3 for cis-ClCH=CHCl(+), the IR-VUV-PI and IR-VUV-PFI-PED measurements have provided the value nu(11)=3088.5+/-0.2 cm(-1) for cis-ClCH=CHCl.

Rovibrational-state-selected pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study of methyl iodide using two-color infrared-vacuum ultraviolet lasers

The preparation of methyl iodide (CH(3)I) in selected rovibrational states [nu(7)=1 (C-H stretch); J] by infrared (IR) excitation prior to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization has greatly simplified the observed pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectra, allowing the direct determination of the rotational constants B(+)(C(+))=0.254+/-0.003 cm(-1) for CH(3)I(+)(X (2)E(3/2);nu(7) (+)) and the ionization energy (76 896.9+/-0.2 cm(-1)) for CH(3)I(+)(X (2)E(3/2);nu(7) (+)=1,J(+)=3/2)<--CH(3)I(X (1)A(1);nu(7)=1,J=0). The IR-VUV-PFI-PE and IR-VUV-photoion measurements also provide relative state-to-state (nu(7) (+)=1, J(+)<--nu(7)=1, J) cross sections for the photoionization process.

Single-photon vacuum-ultraviolet laser-pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron studies of trans- and cis-1-bromopropenes

The vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron (VUV-PFI-PE) spectra of trans-1-bromopropene (trans-CH(3)CH[Double Bond]CHBr) and cis-1-bromopropene (cis-CH(3)CH[Double Bond]CHBr) have been measured in the energy region of 74 720-76 840 cm(-1). The simulation of fine structures observed in the origin VUV-PFI-PE vibrational bands of these molecules has provided the ionization energies (IEs) of trans-1-bromopropene and cis-1-bromopropene to be 74 779.3+/-2.0 cm(-1) (9.2715+/-0.0002 eV) and 75 140.2+/-2.0 cm(-1) (9.3162+/-0.0002 eV), respectively. The vibrational bands resolved in these VUV-PFI-PE spectra at energies 0-1700 cm(-1) above the IEs of trans-1-bromopropene and cis-1-bromopropene have been assigned based on theoretical vibrational frequencies and calculated Franck-Condon factors for the ionization transitions.

Vacuum ultraviolet-infrared photo-induced Rydberg ionization spectroscopy: C–H stretching frequencies for trans-2-butene and trichloroethene cations

We have demonstrated the two-color vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-infrared (IR) photoinduced Rydberg ionization (PIRI) experiment. Trichloroethene (ClCH=CCl2) and trans-2-butene (trans-CH3CH=CHCH3) were prepared in Rydberg states in the range of effective principal quantum number n* approximately 7-93 by VUV excitation prior to IR-induced autoionization. The observed VUV-IR-PIRI spectra are found to be independent of n*, suggesting that the electron Rydberg orbital is conserved, i.e., the Rydberg electron is behaving as a spectator during the excitation process. The observed IR active C-H stretching vibrational frequencies nu12+ = 3072+/-5 cm(-1) for ClCH=CCl2+ and nu23+ =2908+/-3 cm(-1), nu25+ =2990+/-10 cm(-1) and nu30+ =3022+/-10 cm(-1) for trans-CH3CH=CHCH3+ are compared with predictions based on ab initio quantum-chemical procedures and density functional calculations.