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Schiffmann LM, de Groot E, Albert MC, Quaas A, Pinto Dos Santos D, Babic B, Fuchs HF, Walczak H, Chon SH, Ruurda JP, Kashkar H, Bruns CJ, Schröder W, van Hillegersberg R. Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning of the stomach prior to esophagectomy induces gastric neo-angiogenesis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:107096. [PMID: 37801834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of an anastomotic leakage (AL) following Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy is increased in patients with calcifications of the aorta or a stenosis of the celiac trunc. Ischemic conditioning (ISCON) of the gastric conduit prior to esophagectomy is supposed to improve gastric vascularization at the anastomotic site. The prospective ISCON trial was conducted to proof the safety and feasibility of this strategy with partial gastric devascularization 14 days before esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients with a compromised vascular status. This work reports the results from a translational project of the ISCON trial aimed to investigate variables of neo-angiogenesis. METHODS Twenty esophageal cancer patients scheduled for esophagectomy were included in the ISCON trial. Serum samples (n = 11) were collected for measurement of biomarkers and biopsies (n = 12) of the gastric fundus were taken before and after ISCON of the gastric conduit. Serum samples were analyzed including 62 different cytokines. Vascularization of the gastric mucosa was assessed on paraffin-embedded sections stained against CD34 to detect the degree of microvascular density and vessel size. RESULTS Between November 2019 and January 2022 patients were included in the ISCON Trial. While serum samples showed no differences regarding cytokine levels before and after ISCON biopsies of the gastric mucosa demonstrated a significant increase in microvascular density after ISCON as compared to the corresponding gastric sample before the intervention. CONCLUSION The data prove that ISCON of the gastric conduit as esophageal substitute induces significant neo-angiogenesis in the gastric fundus which is considered as surrogate of an improved vascularization at the anastomotic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Schiffmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E de Groot
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, POBOX 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M C Albert
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - D Pinto Dos Santos
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Babic
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H F Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S-H Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J P Ruurda
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, POBOX 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Kashkar
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W Schröder
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R van Hillegersberg
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, POBOX 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Thomalla D, Beckmann L, Grimm C, Oliverio M, Meder L, Herling C, Nieper P, Feldmann T, Merkel O, Lorsy E, da Palma Guerreiro A, von Jan J, Kisis I, Wasserburger E, Claasen J, Faitschuk-Meyer E, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Yang TP, Lienhard M, Herwig R, Kreuzer KA, Pallasch C, Büttner R, Schäfer S, Hartley J, Abken H, Peifer M, Kashkar H, Knittel G, Eichhorst B, Ullrich R, Herling M, Reinhardt H, Hallek M, Schweiger M, Frenzel L. Deregulation and epigenetic modification of BCL2-family genes cause resistance to venetoclax in hematologic malignancies. Blood 2022; 140:2113-2126. [PMID: 35704690 PMCID: PMC10653032 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has been approved to treat different hematological malignancies. Because there is no common genetic alteration causing resistance to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell lymphoma, we asked if epigenetic events might be involved in venetoclax resistance. Therefore, we employed whole-exome sequencing, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 screening to investigate venetoclax resistance in aggressive lymphoma and high-risk CLL patients. We identified a regulatory CpG island within the PUMA promoter that is methylated upon venetoclax treatment, mediating PUMA downregulation on transcript and protein level. PUMA expression and sensitivity toward venetoclax can be restored by inhibition of methyltransferases. We can demonstrate that loss of PUMA results in metabolic reprogramming with higher oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate production, resembling the metabolic phenotype that is seen upon venetoclax resistance. Although PUMA loss is specific for acquired venetoclax resistance but not for acquired MCL1 resistance and is not seen in CLL patients after chemotherapy-resistance, BAX is essential for sensitivity toward both venetoclax and MCL1 inhibition. As we found loss of BAX in Richter's syndrome patients after venetoclax failure, we defined BAX-mediated apoptosis to be critical for drug resistance but not for disease progression of CLL into aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in vivo. A compound screen revealed TRAIL-mediated apoptosis as a target to overcome BAX deficiency. Furthermore, antibody or CAR T cells eliminated venetoclax resistant lymphoma cells, paving a clinically applicable way to overcome venetoclax resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thomalla
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Beckmann
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C. Grimm
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Oliverio
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L. Meder
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C.D. Herling
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P. Nieper
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T. Feldmann
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Merkel
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Lorsy
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A. da Palma Guerreiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. von Jan
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Kisis
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Wasserburger
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Claasen
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - J. Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T.-P. Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Lienhard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - K.-A. Kreuzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C.P. Pallasch
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R. Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S.C. Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institut für Pathologie im Medizin Campus Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - J. Hartley
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H. Abken
- RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Peifer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Kashkar
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Immunologie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G. Knittel
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - B. Eichhorst
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R.T. Ullrich
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Herling
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H.C. Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - M. Hallek
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M.R. Schweiger
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L.P. Frenzel
- Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Knittel G, Flümann R, Nieper P, Rehkämper T, Pfeiffer P, Holzem A, Fritz C, Klatt A, Kashkar H, Persigehl T, Peifer M, Büttner R, Reinhardt C. AN AUTOCHTHONOUS MOUSE MODEL OF MyD88 p.L265P- AND BCL2-DRIVEN DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.41_2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Knittel
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - R. Flümann
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - P. Nieper
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - T. Rehkämper
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - P. Pfeiffer
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - A. Holzem
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - C. Fritz
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - A. Klatt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - H. Kashkar
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - T. Persigehl
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - R. Büttner
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - C. Reinhardt
- Dept. I of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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4
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Förster A, Grotha SP, Seeger JM, Rabenhorst A, Gehring M, Raap U, Létard S, Dubreuil P, Kashkar H, Walczak H, Roers A, Hartmann K. Activation of KIT modulates the function of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) in mast cells. Allergy 2015; 70:764-74. [PMID: 25833810 DOI: 10.1111/all.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) associated with activating mutations of KIT. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) are preferentially expressed on neoplastic cells and induce the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent studies reported on the expression of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cultured human MCs, which depend on stem cell factor (SCF)-induced or constitutive KIT activation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sought to further define the impact of TRAIL-Rs on MCs in vivo and in vitro. Using Cre/loxP recombination, we generated mice with MC-specific and ubiquitous knockout of TRAIL-R. In these mice, anaphylaxis and numbers of MCs were investigated. We also explored the expression and function of TRAIL-Rs in cultured murine and human MCs upon activation of KIT. By conducting immunofluorescence staining, we analyzed the expression of TRAIL-Rs in MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis. RESULTS MC-specific deletion of TRAIL-R was associated with a slight, but significant increase in anaphylaxis. Numbers of MCs in MC-specific knockouts of TRAIL-R were comparable to controls. Whereas cultured IL-3-dependent murine MCs from wild-type mice were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, SCF-stimulated MCs underwent apoptosis in response to TRAIL. Interestingly, activating KIT mutations also promoted sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human MCs. In line with these findings, MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis expressed TRAIL-R1. CONCLUSIONS Activation of KIT regulates the function of TRAIL-Rs in MCs. TRAIL-R1 may represent an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in diseases associated with KIT mutations, such as mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Förster
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - S. P. Grotha
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - J. M. Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - A. Rabenhorst
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - U. Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Létard
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, (Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis); Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - P. Dubreuil
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, (Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis); Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - H. Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - H. Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI); UCL Cancer Institute; University College London; London UK
| | - A. Roers
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Institute for Immunology; University of Technology Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Coutelle O, Schiffmann LM, Liwschitz M, Brunold M, Goede V, Hallek M, Kashkar H, Hacker UT. Dual targeting of Angiopoetin-2 and VEGF potentiates effective vascular normalisation without inducing empty basement membrane sleeves in xenograft tumours. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:495-503. [PMID: 25562438 PMCID: PMC4453651 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective vascular normalisation following vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition is associated with endothelial cell regression leaving empty basement membrane sleeves (BMS). These long-lived BMS permit the rapid regrowth of tumour vasculature upon treatment cessation and promote resistance to VEGF-targeting drugs. Previous attempts at removing BMS have failed. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is a vascular destabilizing factor that antagonises normalisation. We hypothesised that Ang2 inhibition could permit vascular normalisation at significantly reduced doses of VEGF inhibition, avoiding excessive vessel regression and the formation of empty BMS. METHODS Mice xenografted with human colorectal cancer cells (LS174T) were treated with low (0.5 mg kg(-1)) or high (5 mg kg(-1)) doses of the VEGF-targeting antibody bevacizumab with or without an Ang2 blocking peptibody L1-10. Tumour growth, BMS formation and normalisation parameters were examined including vessel density, pericyte coverage, adherence junctions, leakiness, perfusion, hypoxia and proliferation. RESULTS Dual targeting of VEGF and Ang2 achieved effective normalisation at only one-tenth of the dose required with bevacizumab alone. Pericyte coverage, vascular integrity, adherence junctions and perfusion as prerequisites for improved access of chemotherapy were improved without inducing empty BMS that facilitate rapid vascular regrowth. CONCLUSIONS Dual targeting of VEGF and Ang2 can potentiate the effectiveness of VEGF inhibitors and avoid the formation of empty BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Coutelle
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - L M Schiffmann
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Liwschitz
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Brunold
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - V Goede
- 1] Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany [2] Deptartment for Geriatric Care, St Marien Hospital, Kunibertskloster 11-13, 50668 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hallek
- Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - H Kashkar
- 1] Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstraße 19-21, 50935 Cologne, Germany [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany [3] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Robert-Koch-Straße 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - U T Hacker
- 1] Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany [2] University Cancer Center Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Huelsemann MF, Patz M, Beckmann L, Brinkmann K, Otto T, Fandrey J, Becker HJ, Theurich S, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Pallasch CP, Zahedi RP, Kashkar H, Reinhardt HC, Hallek M, Wendtner CM, Frenzel LP. Hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK activation reduces Mcl-1 expression and facilitates sensitivity towards BH3 mimetics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:981-4. [PMID: 25376373 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Huelsemann
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Patz
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Beckmann
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Brinkmann
- 1] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Otto
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Fandrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H J Becker
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Theurich
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M von Bergwelt-Baildon
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C P Pallasch
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institute for Analytical Sciences-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - H Kashkar
- 1] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H C Reinhardt
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Hallek
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C M Wendtner
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [4] Department I of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - L P Frenzel
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Center of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Fröhlich M, Dejanovic B, Kashkar H, Schwarz G, Nussberger S. S-palmitoylation represents a novel mechanism regulating the mitochondrial targeting of BAX and initiation of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1057. [PMID: 24525733 PMCID: PMC3944235 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death is mainly mediated by the BCL-2-associated X (BAX) protein through permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and the concomitant release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In healthy, non-apoptotic cells, BAX is predominantly localized in the cytosol and exhibits a dynamic shuttle cycle between the cytosol and the mitochondria. Thus, the initial association with mitochondria represents a critical regulatory step enabling BAX to insert into MOMs, promoting the release of cytochrome c and ultimately resulting in apoptosis. However, the molecular mode of how BAX associates with MOMs and whether a cellular regulatory mechanism governs this process is poorly understood. Here we show that in both primary tissues and cultured cells, the association with MOMs and the proapoptotic action of BAX is controlled by its S-palmitoylation at Cys-126. A lack of BAX palmitoylation reduced BAX mitochondrial translocation, BAX oligomerization, caspase activity and apoptosis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of specific palmitoyl transferases in cultured healthy cells increases BAX S-palmitoylation and accelerates apoptosis, whereas malignant tumor cells show reduced BAX S-palmitoylation consistent with their reduced BAX-mediated proapoptotic activity. Our findings suggest that S-palmitoylation of BAX at Cys126 is a key regulatory process of BAX-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fröhlich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - B Dejanovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - H Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Goldenfels Strasse 19-21, Cologne 50935, Germany
| | - G Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - S Nussberger
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany [2] Biophysics Department, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70550, Germany
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8
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Boecke A, Carstens AC, Neacsu CD, Baschuk N, Haubert D, Kashkar H, Utermöhlen O, Pongratz C, Krönke M. TNF-receptor-1 adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced B16 melanoma motility and invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:422-32. [PMID: 23674089 PMCID: PMC3721409 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotion of cancer cells can be induced by TNF and other motogenic factors secreted by cells of the tumour microenvironment such as macrophages. Based on our recent findings that the TNF receptor adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced actin reorganisation and regulates the directed migration of immune cells responding to chemotactic cues, we addressed the role of FAN in cancer cell motility and the formation of invadopodia, a crucial feature in tumour invasion. METHODS In B16 mouse melanoma cells, FAN was downregulated and the impact on FAN on cell motility and invasion was determined using in vitro assays and in vivo animal models. RESULTS Like FAN(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts, FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells showed defective motility responses to TNF in vitro. In vivo FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells produced significantly less disseminated tumours after i.v. injection into mice. Danio rerio used as a second in vivo model also revealed impaired spreading of FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells. Furthermore, FAN mediated TNF-induced paxillin phosphorylation, metalloproteinase activation and increased extracellular matrix degradation, the hallmarks of functionally active invadopodia. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that FAN through promoting melanoma cellular motility and tumour invasiveness is critical for the tumour-promoting action of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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9
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Gupta MK, Yazdanpanah B, Fatima A, Daglidu E, Kashkar H, Krönke M, Hescheler J, Sarić T. Role of LIF/STAT3 signaling in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in murine embryonic stem cells. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2010; 6:68. [PMID: 24693087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Gupta
- Institute For Neurophysiology , Cologne, Germany
| | - B Yazdanpanah
- Institute For Medical Microbiology,Immunology and Hygiene , Cologne, Germany
| | - A Fatima
- Institute For Neurophysiology , Cologne, Germany
| | - E Daglidu
- Institute For Neurophysiology , Cologne, Germany
| | - H Kashkar
- Institute For Medical Microbiology,Immunology and Hygiene , Cologne, Germany ; Center For Molecular Medicine , Cologne, Germany
| | - M Krönke
- Institute For Medical Microbiology,Immunology and Hygiene , Cologne, Germany ; Center For Molecular Medicine , Cologne, Germany
| | - J Hescheler
- Center For Molecular Medicine , Cologne, Germany ; Institute For Neurophysiology , Cologne, Germany
| | - T Sarić
- Center For Molecular Medicine , Cologne, Germany ; Institute For Neurophysiology , Cologne, Germany
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10
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Goede V, Coutelle O, Neuneier J, Reinacher-Schick A, Schnell R, Koslowsky TC, Weihrauch MR, Cremer B, Kashkar H, Odenthal M, Augustin HG, Schmiegel W, Hallek M, Hacker UT. Identification of serum angiopoietin-2 as a biomarker for clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab-containing therapy. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1407-14. [PMID: 20924372 PMCID: PMC2990609 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The combination of chemotherapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab is a standard of care in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, biomarkers predicting outcome of bevacizumab-containing treatment are lacking. As angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a key regulator of vascular remodelling in concert with VEGF, we investigated its role as a biomarker in metastatic CRC. Methods: Serum Ang-2 levels were measured in 33 healthy volunteers and 90 patients with CRC. Of these, 34 had metastatic disease and received bevacizumab-containing therapy. To determine the tissue of origin of Ang-2, quantitative real-time PCR was performed on microdissected cryosections of human CRC and in a murine xenograft model of CRC using species-specific amplification. Results: Ang-2 originated from the stromal compartment of CRC tissues. Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with metastatic CRC compared with healthy controls. Amongst patients receiving bevacizumab-containing treatment, low pre-therapeutic serum Ang-2 levels were associated with a significant better response rate (82 vs 31% P<0.01), a prolonged median progression-free survival (14.1 vs 8.5 months; P<0.01) and a reduction of 91% in the hazard of death (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum Ang-2 is a candidate biomarker for outcome of patients with metastatic CRC treated with bevacizumab-containing therapy, and it should be further validated to customise combined chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goede
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50924, Germany
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11
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Hörnle M, Peters N, Thayaparasingham B, Vörsmann H, Kashkar H, Kulms D. Caspase-3 cleaves XIAP in a positive feedback loop to sensitize melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2010; 30:575-87. [PMID: 20856198 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of melanoma is still challenging, because metastasis remain chemoresistant and radioresistant. Accordingly, combinational treatments involving death ligands are mandatory. In a recent study from our lab, the majority out of 18 melanoma cell lines remained resistant against treatment with the death ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand). Resistance was shown to be mainly due to incomplete processing of caspase-3 into catalytically inactive p21 by binding of the anti-apoptotic protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Co-irradiation with sub-lethal ultraviolet (UV) B caused depletion of XIAP resulting in synergistic sensitization of all but two melanoma cell lines to TRAIL. We show here the XIAP depletion to essentially require initial caspase-mediated cleavage, which promotes proteasomal degradation of XIAP. Utilizing specific caspase inhibitors and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown, we further identified caspase-3 to be responsible for performing the initial cleavage of XIAP after UVB treatment. Additional evidence suggests an accelerated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in response to co-treatment with TRAIL and UVB, which directs the release of XIAP antagonizing factors including Smac. Distraction of XIAP consequently liberates caspase-3 to autocatalytically process into active p17. Activated caspase-3 cleaves XIAP and further enhances its activation in a positive regulatory feedback loop. The molecular mechanism discovered here appears to have broader implications, because cleavage of XIAP was also shown to accompany cisplatin-induced sensitization of melanoma cells to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hörnle
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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12
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Lecis D, Drago C, Manzoni L, Seneci P, Scolastico C, Mastrangelo E, Bolognesi M, Anichini A, Kashkar H, Walczak H, Delia D. Novel SMAC-mimetics synergistically stimulate melanoma cell death in combination with TRAIL and Bortezomib. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1707-16. [PMID: 20461078 PMCID: PMC2883696 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is an anti-apoptotic protein exerting its activity by binding and suppressing caspases. As XIAP is overexpressed in several tumours, in which it apparently contributes to chemoresistance, and because its activity in vivo is antagonised by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI, small molecules mimicking SMAC (so called SMAC-mimetics) can potentially overcome tumour resistance by promoting apoptosis. METHODS Three homodimeric compounds were synthesised tethering a monomeric SMAC-mimetic with different linkers and their affinity binding for the baculoviral inhibitor repeats domains of XIAP measured by fluorescent polarisation assay. The apoptotic activity of these molecules, alone or in combination with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and/or Bortezomib, was tested in melanoma cell lines by MTT viability assays and western blot analysis of activated caspases. RESULTS We show that in melanoma cell lines, which are typically resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, XIAP knock-down sensitises cells to TRAIL treatment in vitro, also favouring the accumulation of cleaved caspase-8. We also describe a new series of 4-substituted azabicyclo[5.3.0]alkane monomeric and dimeric SMAC-mimetics that target various members of the IAP family and powerfully synergise at submicromolar concentrations with TRAIL in inducing cell death. Finally, we show that the simultaneous administration of newly developed SMAC-mimetics with Bortezomib potently triggers apoptosis in a melanoma cell line resistant to the combined effect of SMAC-mimetics and TRAIL. CONCLUSION Hence, the newly developed SMAC-mimetics effectively synergise with TRAIL and Bortezomib in inducing cell death. These findings warrant further preclinical studies in vivo to verify the anticancer effectiveness of the combination of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Kashkar H, Krönke M, Jürgensmeier JM. Defective Bax activation in Hodgkin B-cell lines confers resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2002; 9:750-7. [PMID: 12058280 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2001] [Revised: 01/10/2002] [Accepted: 01/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated apoptosis represents an important hallmark of tumor cells. Here we investigated the induction of cell death signaling pathways in cell lines previously established from patients with Hodgkin's disease. Our data show that Hodgkin's disease derived B-cell lines uniformly proved resistant to staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor that preferentially stimulates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Contrary to control cell lines, staurosporine failed to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria in Hodgkin derived B-cells. Correspondingly, activation of caspases was not observed in these cells. In staurosporine-treated Hodgkin cells Bax remained in its inactive state, indicating that these cell lines have a defect in this crucial step in apoptotic signaling upstream of the mitochondria. Our results suggest that the failure to activate Bax might represent a common defect of Hodgkin tumor cells of the B-cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Köln, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, 50935 Köln, Germany
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