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Peterson C, Chandler HL. Insulin facilitates corneal wound healing in the diabetic environment through the RTK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 548:111611. [PMID: 35231580 PMCID: PMC9053186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients can develop degenerative corneal changes, termed diabetic keratopathy, during the course of their disease. Topical insulin has been shown to reduce corneal wound area and restore sensitivity in diabetic rats, and both the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) stimulate cell signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The purpose of this study was to assess a mechanism by which improved wound healing occurs by characterizing expression within the PI3K-Akt pathway in corneal epithelial and stromal cells. In vitro scratch tests were used to evaluate wound healing outcomes under variable glucose conditions in the presence or absence of insulin. Protein expression of intracellular kinases in the PI3K pathway, stromal cell markers, and GLUT-1 was evaluated by immunoblotting.TGF-β1 expression was evaluated by ELISA. Insulin promoted in vitro wound healing in all cell types. In human corneal epithelial cells, insulin did not induce PI3K-Akt signaling; however, in all other cell types evaluated, insulin increased expression of PI3K-Akt signaling proteins compared to vehicle control. Fibroblasts variably expressed α-SMA under all treatment conditions, with significant increases in α-SMA and TGF-β1 occurring in a dose-dependent manner with glucose concentration. These results indicate that insulin can promote corneal cellular migration and proliferation by inducing Akt signaling. Exogenous insulin therapy may serve as a novel target of therapeutic intervention for diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Vision Science, The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - H L Chandler
- Department of Vision Science, The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Germuska M, Chandler HL, Stickland RC, Foster C, Fasano F, Okell TW, Steventon J, Tomassini V, Murphy K, Wise RG. Dual-calibrated fMRI measurement of absolute cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and effective oxygen diffusivity. Neuroimage 2019; 184:717-728. [PMID: 30278214 PMCID: PMC6264385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-calibrated fMRI is a multi-parametric technique that allows for the quantification of the resting oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), the absolute rate of cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption (CMRO2), cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) and baseline perfusion (CBF). It combines measurements of arterial spin labelling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes during hypercapnic and hyperoxic gas challenges. Here we propose an extension to this methodology that permits the simultaneous quantification of the effective oxygen diffusivity of the capillary network (DC). The effective oxygen diffusivity has the scope to be an informative biomarker and useful adjunct to CMRO2, potentially providing a non-invasive metric of microvascular health, which is known to be disturbed in a range of neurological diseases. We demonstrate the new method in a cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 19) both at rest and during visual stimulation. The effective oxygen diffusivity was found to be highly correlated with CMRO2 during rest and activation, consistent with previous PET observations of a strong correlation between metabolic oxygen demand and effective diffusivity. The increase in effective diffusivity during functional activation was found to be consistent with previously reported increases in capillary blood volume, supporting the notion that measured oxygen diffusivity is sensitive to microvascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germuska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - H L Chandler
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R C Stickland
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Foster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - F Fasano
- Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Frimley, Camberley, UK
| | - T W Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J Steventon
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - V Tomassini
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Klosterman E, Colitz CMH, Chandler HL, Kusewitt DF, Saville WJA, Dubielzig RR. Immunohistochemical properties of ocular adenomas, adenocarcinomas and medulloepitheliomas. Vet Ophthalmol 2006; 9:387-94. [PMID: 17076871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ocular medulloepitheliomas, adenomas and adenocarcinomas share a common phenotype and originate from the optic cup neuroectoderm. This can make it very difficult to differentiate between these tumors histopathologically. Therefore, this study focused on identifying a combination of immunologic markers that might be used in the diagnosis of these tumors. These markers included AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Routine immunohistochemical staining was performed on 27 whole globes diagnosed with one of these tumors. The tumors that immunostained for TERT showed increasing immunoreactivity as the tumor types increased in aggressiveness. None of the tumor types were immunopositive for CK7. CK20 immunostaining was found in the adenomas but not in the adenocarcinomas or medulloepitheliomas. AE1/AE3 expression was present more consistently in the adenocarcinomas and less frequently in the adenomas. AE1/AE3 expression was present in only one of six medulloepitheliomas. Furthermore, CK20 and TERT showed inverse expression patterns, i.e. TERT increased in expression and CK20 decreased in expression with increasing aggressiveness. These results may be important diagnostic and prognostic indicators for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klosterman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
A 23-year-old male presented with occult gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia. A Tc-99m pertechnetate abdominal scan was positive and surgery revealed an adenocarcinoma of the cecum. No Meckel's diverticulum was identified. This is the first reported association of an abnormal Tc-99m pertechnetate scan in adenocarcinoma. Carcinoma of the right colon should be considered in any patient with a positive pertechnetate scan for Meckel's diverticulum and suggestive clinical features.
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Goldstein HA, Chandler HL. Missed testicular torsion demonstrated by scintigraphy. J Nucl Med 1979; 20:173-4. [PMID: 430199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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McIlmoyle G, Holman BL, Davis M, Chandler HL. A portable radioxenon trap and patient ventilation system. Radiology 1978; 127:544-5. [PMID: 644087 DOI: 10.1148/127.2.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rosenthal DI, Chandler HL, Azizi F, Schneider PB. Uptake of bone imaging agents by diffuse pulmonary metastatic calcification. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1977; 129:871-4. [PMID: 410253 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.129.5.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of diffuse lung uptake of the bone scanning agent 99mTc diphosphonate, which appears to reflect metastatic pulmonary calcification, are described. Each patient had hypercalcemia and renal failure. Clinical features common to patients with this scan pattern were ascertained from a review of the literature. Renal failure was present in all, and the majority have had hypercalcemia. The bone scan may prove to be a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of metastatic pulmonary calcification; this characteristic pattern should be more widely appreciated.
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Kaplan WD, Holman BL, Selenkow HA, Davis MA, Holmes RA, Isitman AT, Chandler HL. 67Ga-citrate and the nonfunctioning thyroid nodule. J Nucl Med 1974; 15:424-7. [PMID: 4829202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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