1
|
Mugimba KK, Chengula AA, Wamala S, Mwega ED, Kasanga CJ, Byarugaba DK, Mdegela RH, Tal S, Bornstein B, Dishon A, Mutoloki S, David L, Evensen Ø, Munang'andu HM. Detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1181-1189. [PMID: 29473649 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) has emerged to be an important viral disease of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) having the potential to impede expansion of aquaculture production. There is a need for rapid diagnostic tools to identify infected fish to limit the spread in individual farms. We report the first detection of TiLV infection by PCR in farmed and wild Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria. There was no difference in prevalence between farmed and wild fish samples (p = .65), and of the 442 samples examined from 191 fish, 28 were positive for TiLV by PCR. In terms of tissue distribution, the head kidney (7.69%, N = 65) and spleen (10.99%, N = 191), samples had the highest prevalence (p < .0028) followed by heart samples (3.45%, N = 29). Conversely, the prevalence was low in the liver (0.71%, N = 140) and absent in brain samples (0.0%, N = 17), which have previously been shown to be target organs during acute infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed homology between our sequences and those from recent outbreaks in Israel and Thailand. Given that these findings were based on nucleic acid detection by PCR, future studies should seek to isolate the virus from fish in Lake Victoria and show its ability to cause disease and virulence in susceptible fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Mugimba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A A Chengula
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - S Wamala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E D Mwega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - C J Kasanga
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - D K Byarugaba
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R H Mdegela
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - S Tal
- KoVaX Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - S Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - L David
- R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ø Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - H M Munang'andu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muma JB, Gabriël S, Munyeme M, Munang'andu HM, Victor B, Dorny P, Nalubamba KS, Siamudaala V, Mwape KE. Taenia spp. infections in wildlife in the Bangweulu and Kafue flood plains ecosystems of Zambia. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:375-8. [PMID: 25090953 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taenia spp. have an indirect life cycle, cycling between a definitive and an intermediate host with zoonotic species causing public health problems in many developing countries. During the course of 2 separate surveys in Zambia (2004 and 2009), the presence of Taenia larval stages (cysticerci) was examined in Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis), Black lechwe (Kobus leche smithermani) and other wildlife species from the Kafue and Bangweulu flood plains. Examinations involved post-mortem inspection and serum specific antigen detection. The recovered cysts from seven carcasses were characterised using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. The overall proportion of infection in wildlife on post-mortem examination was 19.0% (95% CI: 9.1-29.0%). The proportion of infected wildlife based on post-mortem examinations in the Kafue flood plains was estimated at 28.6% (95% CI: 13.3-43.9%), while the seroprevalence was estimated at 25.0% (95% CI: 2.9-47.1%). The seroprevalence for cattle in the Kafue flood plains was estimated at 61.5% (95% CI: 42.0-81.0%) while that of Kafue lechwe in the same ecosystem was estimated at 66.6% (95% CI: 45.6-85.7%). Infection rates were higher in Kafue lechwe than in Black lechwe suggesting differences in the exposure patterns. The sequencing results indicated that none of the recovered cysts were either Taenia solium or Taenia saginata. We therefore conclude they most likely belong to a less studied (wildlife) Taenia species that requires further characterisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - S Gabriël
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - H M Munang'andu
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - B Victor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K S Nalubamba
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - V Siamudaala
- KAZA TFCA Secretariat, Plot 2951, Madiba Shopping Complex, P.O. Box 821, Kasane, Botswana
| | - K E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kasanga CJ, Yamaguchi T, Munang'andu HM, Ohya K, Fukushi H. Genomic sequence of an infectious bursal disease virus isolate from Zambia: classical attenuated segment B reassortment in nature with existing very virulent segment A. Arch Virol 2012; 158:685-9. [PMID: 23129132 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) isolate (designated KZC-104) from a confirmed IBD outbreak in Lusaka in 2004. The genome consisted of 3,074 and 2,651 nucleotides in the coding regions of segments A and B, respectively. Alignment of both nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genome segment A of KZC-104 was derived from a very virulent (VV) strain, whereas its segment B was derived from a classical attenuated strain. On BLAST search, the full-length segment A and B sequences showed 98 % nucleotide sequence identity to the VV strain D6948 and 99.8 % nucleotide sequence identity to the classical attenuated strain D78. This is a unique IBDV reassortant strain that has emerged in nature, involving segment B of a cell-culture-adapted attenuated vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Kasanga
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Section, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Chuo kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamaguchi S, Kaji N, Munang'andu HM, Kojima C, Mase M, Tsukamoto K. Quantification of chicken anaemia virus by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol 2012; 29:305-10. [PMID: 19184819 DOI: 10.1080/03079450050118421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative method for chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was developed using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Competitive template was constructed by deletion of 33 nucleotides from a wildtype DNA clone of CAV. Quantification of CAV DNA molecules by the competitive PCR was rapid and highly reproducible when compared with conventional infectivity titration methods. The ratios of the viral DNA molecules and infectivity titres in MDCC-MSB1 cells varied between 1.3 and 3.55 log(10) among several isolates, suggesting the existence of different infection efficiencies to MDCC-MSB1 cells by isolates. The competitive PCR will be useful for studying CAV infection in vivo and/or in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamaguchi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Munang'andu HM, Muyoyeta PM, Mweene AS, Kida H. Bovine clostridial infections in Zambia (1985-1994). Jpn J Vet Res 1996; 44:175-8. [PMID: 8997878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective surveillance study of clostridial infections of cattle in Zambia, for the period 1985 to 1994, showed that out of the 318 cases observed, 62.8% and 24.2% were from Western and Southern provinces, respectively. Of the 6 clostridia species identified, Clostridium septicum (38.1%) followed by C. chauvoei (36.2%) and C. perfringens (13.2%) were dominant. Although the highest incidence for clostridial infections was in 1989 (75 cases) and 1990 (77 cases), the number of C. perfringens cases seemed to increase. More cases were found in the dry season until the onset of the rains, that is, the period August to December.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Munang'andu
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Balmoral, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|