1
|
Summary. Nutr Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1977.tb06540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
2
|
Centromere protein B null mice are mitotically and meiotically normal but have lower body and testis weights. J Cell Biol 1998; 141:309-19. [PMID: 9548711 PMCID: PMC2148459 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.141.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP-B is a constitutive centromere DNA-binding protein that is conserved in a number of mammalian species and in yeast. Despite this conservation, earlier cytological and indirect experimental studies have provided conflicting evidence concerning the role of this protein in mitosis. The requirement of this protein in meiosis has also not previously been described. To resolve these uncertainties, we used targeted disruption of the Cenpb gene in mouse to study the functional significance of this protein in mitosis and meiosis. Male and female Cenpb null mice have normal body weights at birth and at weaning, but these subsequently lag behind those of the heterozygous and wild-type animals. The weight and sperm content of the testes of Cenpb null mice are also significantly decreased. Otherwise, the animals appear developmentally and reproductively normal. Cytogenetic fluorescence-activated cell sorting and histological analyses of somatic and germline tissues revealed no abnormality. These results indicate that Cenpb is not essential for mitosis or meiosis, although the observed weight reduction raises the possibility that Cenpb deficiency may subtly affect some aspects of centromere assembly and function, and result in reduced rate of cell cycle progression, efficiency of microtubule capture, and/or chromosome movement. A model for a functional redundancy of this protein is presented.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Warts and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are common complications of immunosuppression. We studied a total of 189 renal transplant recipients clinically for such lesions. The incidence of warts increased steadily after transplant, such that of patients transplanted for more than 5 years, 92% were found to have warts and 65% had more than five warts each. DNA extracted from scrapings of their warts showed they carried the same human papillomavirus types as the general population, and not the unique set found on patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (who share with transplant recipients an increased incidence of warts and squamous cell carcinomas).
Collapse
|
4
|
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and papillomaviruses in renal transplant recipients: a clinical and molecular biological study. J Dermatol Sci 1991; 2:139-46. [PMID: 1652277 DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(91)90059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are strongly implicated in squamous cell carcinomas arising on mucosal surfaces of normal individuals, and in the skin carcinomas of epidermodysplasia verruciformis suffers. Renal transplant recipients often have numerous skin warts and, in Australia particularly, a very high risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To determine the magnitude of this risk, and to test whether papillomaviruses are specifically associated with these cancers, we examined 188 renal transplant recipients for skin cancers and tested 235 biopsy specimens of (histologically proven) squamous cell carcinomas for the presence of viral DNA. The risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma increased with duration of transplant: the probability being 25% after 9.5 years (standard error = 1.3 years) rising to 50% at 20.6 years (standard error 6.8 years). Factors which did not appear to affect the risk of tumour development included the patients sex and their skin type. However the age at transplant significantly altered the risk with patients transplanted at greater than 35 years developing tumours about four times more rapidly than patients less than or equal to 35 years. Extensive hybridisation tests for the presence of papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinomas were negative, as was the polymerase chain reaction amplification method using general L1 gene oligonucleotide primers. Our data do not support a role for papillomavirus in the maintenance of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
7
|
Extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pathology specimens and its use in hybridization (histo-blot) assays. Application to the detection of human papillomavirus DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:8565. [PMID: 2823232 PMCID: PMC306382 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
8
|
Physiological role of dietary fiber: a ten-year review. BOLETIN DE LA ASOCIACION MEDICA DE PUERTO RICO 1986; 78:541-4. [PMID: 3028444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
9
|
Physiological role of dietary fiber: a ten-year review. ASDC JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY FOR CHILDREN 1986; 53:444-7. [PMID: 3025279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is accepted nowadays that dietary fiber is an important constituent of the diet. There is growing evidence that the low fiber Western diets and the low consumption of whole grain products are important factors in several common diseases of the large bowel. Cereal fiber differs from that present in vegetables and fruit. A low intake of cereal fiber has been implicated in cancer of the large bowel, diverticular disease of the colon and coronary heart disease. High fiber diets are often prescribed for diabetes. Although fiber consumption by British and American consumers has decreased over the past century, consumption of whole wheat breads and fiber-rich breakfast cereals has received new attention during the past ten years.
Collapse
|
10
|
Prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. West J Med 1985. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6508.1572-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Diseases of modern civilisation. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6301.1266-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Blood-pressure rise with age--a Western disease? Lancet 1981; 2:693-4. [PMID: 6116068 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1980; 281:744. [PMID: 7427424 PMCID: PMC1713975 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6242.744-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
Fundamental studies of the laxative action of wheat bran were undertaken in the United States in the early decades of the 20th century. Walker in South Africa extended these studies among African blacks and later suggested that cereal fiber protected them against certain metabolic disorders. Trowell in Uganda elaborated this concept with regard to the rarity of common noninfective diseases of the colon. Another stream of inquiry stemmed from the hypothesis of Cleave who postulated that the presence of refined sugar, and to a lesser extent white flour, caused many metabolic diseases, while the loss of fiber caused certain colonic disorders. Meanwhile Burkitt had collected massive evidence of the rarity of appendicitis and many venous disorders in rural Africa and parts of Asia. In 1972 Trowell proposed a new physiological definition of fiber in terms of the residue of plant foods that resisted digestion by alimentary enzymes of man. Southgate has proposed chemical methods to analyze the components of dietary fiber: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The rarity of diabetes mellitus in rural Africans and the increased incidence in urban Africans suggested that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets might protect against diabetes. Conversely it has been suggested that low-fiber starchy food is a diabetogenic factor in susceptible human phenotypes. Many years ago experimental studies demonstrated that carbohydrate tolerance was increased in healthy adults if they ate high-carbohydrate diets but was decreased if they ate high-fat diets. From 1940 in England and Wales, diabetes death rates reported only those who died directly from diabetes mellitus; all cardiovascular complication deaths were excluded. Standardized diabetes mellitus death rates in England and Wales fell from 1941 until 1954 to 1957 by 55% in men and 54% in women. These years coincided with the production of high-fiber National flour. These data suggested the dietary fiber hypothesis of the etiology of diabetes mellitus, namely that fiber-depleted starchy foods were diabetogenic and conversely that high-fiber starchy foods were protective. Recent experimental studies of diabetic hyperglycemic men have shown that high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets cause remission of diabetes mellitus in many men who had been treated previously by oral agents of moderate doses of insulin, but not those who had previously received large amounts of insulin.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
Diet and heart disease. West J Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6106.170-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Diet and coronary heart disease. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1977; 1:1283-4. [PMID: 861577 PMCID: PMC1607098 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6071.1283-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
Fibre inadequately replaced by cellulose or other forms of roughage in animal experimental diets. Thromb Haemost 1976; 36:489-92. [PMID: 1036849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
28
|
Diets for diabetics: no added sucrose. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 2:1196. [PMID: 990845 PMCID: PMC1689569 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6045.1196-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
29
|
Diets for diabetics. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 2:1011-2. [PMID: 974701 PMCID: PMC1689262 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6042.1011-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Religion and Medicine: 3. West J Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6038.763-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
31
|
Letter: Difficulties surround fiber. JAMA 1976; 236:252. [PMID: 947022 DOI: 10.1001/jama.236.3.252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Definition of dietary fiber and hypotheses that it is a protective factor in certain diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29:417-27. [PMID: 773166 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/29.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude fiber (CF) is the residue of plant food left after extraction by dilute acid followed by dilute alkali. Dietary fiber (DF), a new term, is the residue of plant food resistant to hydrolysis by human alimentary enzymes. DF is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; these constituents are not reported in food tables. For instance, whole wheatmeal has DF about 11%, CF about 2%. It is suggested that a new term, dietary fiber complex (DFC), should include all substances of DF plus all chemical compounds naturally associated with, and concentrated around, these structural polymers. CF supplies from starchy staples, wheat and potato, in England and Wales were probably stationary from 1770 to 1860, fell greatly from 1860 to 1910, rose during food controls in 1942 to 1953, and declined slightly from 1954 to 1970. It is postulated that fiber is a protective factor against certain colonic disorders, such as diverticular disease, and certain metabolic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These three diseases had changing trends of mortality rates in England during the food control years. Westernization of African diets is accompanied by a large fall in CF from starchy foods and vegetables and an increased prevalence of the same three diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Uganda Atlas of Disease Distribution. West J Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6008.531-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
35
|
Prevalence of haemorrhoids. Lancet 1975; 2:821. [PMID: 78195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Faecal Fibre Fortunes. West J Med 1975. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5978.305-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Letter: Fibre content of bread. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1975; 3:101. [PMID: 806322 PMCID: PMC1673627 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5975.101-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
40
|
The beginning of the kwashiorkor story in Africa. THE CENTRAL AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1975; 21:1-5. [PMID: 1089479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
Aspects of the epidemiology of diverticular disease and ischemic heart disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES 1974; 19:864-73. [PMID: 4850652 DOI: 10.1007/bf01071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
|