[Psychological and behavioral functioning of children and adolescents during long-term home-schooling]

Objective: To study the characteristics and risk factors of psychological and behavioral problems of children and adolescents of different ages and genders in long-term home-schooling during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Further, to provide scientific basis for more targeted psychological intervention and coping strategies in the future. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted on students aged 6-16 years old in five representative cities of North (Beijing), East (Shanghai), West (Chongqing), South (Guangzhou) and Middle (Wuhan) in China. In this study, the social behavior and psychological abnormalities which was defined as the positive of any dimension were investigated in multiple dimensions during long-term home-schooling. The influencing factors of psycho-behavioral problems were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the confounding factors were corrected with graded multivariable adjustment. Results: A total of 6 906 valid questionnaires were collected including 3 592 boys and 3 314 girls, of whom 3 626 were children (6-11 years old) and 3 280 were adolescents (12-16 years old). The positive detection rate of psychosocial-behavioral problems were 13.0% (900/6 906) totally, 9.6% (344/3 592) in boys and 16.8% (556/3 314) in girls respectively, and 7.3%(142/1 946) in boys aged 6-11, 14.0%(235/1 680) in girls aged 6-11, 12.3%(202/1 646) in boys aged 12-16, 19.6%(321/1 634) in girls aged 12-16 respectively. There were significant differences between the psychological problems group and the non-psychological problems group in gender, parent-offspring conflict, number of close friends, family income change, sedentary time, homework time, screen exposure time, physical activity, dietary problems (χ²=78.851, 285.264, 52.839, 26.284, 22.778, 11.024, 10.688, 36.814, 70.982, all P<0.01). The most common symptoms in boys aged 6-11 years were compulsive activity, schizoid and depression, in girls aged 6-11 years were schizoid/compulsive activity, hyperactivity and social withdrawal, in boys aged 12-16 years were hyperactivity, compulsive activity and aggressive behavior, and in girls aged 12-16 years were schizoid, anxiety/compulsive activity and depression/withdrawal, respectively. After graded multivariable adjustment, besides the common risk factors, homework time and online study time were the risk factors of 6-11 years old groups [boys OR(95%CI): 1.750 (1.32-2.32), 1.214(1.00-1.47), girls: 1.579(1.25-1.99), 1.222(1.05-1.42), all P<0.05], videogames time were the risk factors of 12-16 years old groups [ boys: 2.237 (1.60-3.13), girls: 1.272 (1.00-1.61), all P<0.05]. Conclusions: Some children and adolescents may have psychological and behavioral problems during long-term home-schooling. The psychological and behavioral manifestations differed in age and gender subgroups, which deserve special attention in each subgroups. Schools, families and specialists should actively provide precise psychological support and comprehensive intervention strategies according to special features and risk factors.

[Study of the risk factors of blood pressure in children]

The blood pressure of 495 normal children aged nine to fourteen years were measured. The body height, weight, blood lipid profile, fasting blood glucosum(FBS) were also measured. The children's family history of hypertension and their dietary status and physical exercise status were investigated. The results showed that the older the child, the higher the blood pressure. On single factor analysis, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively correlated with age, family history of hypertension, intake of whole lipid milk, body height, weight, BMI, blood TC, LDL-C and FBS, whereas it was negatively correlated with the time of physical exercises and blood HDL-C/TC. Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was positively correlated with age, body height, weight, IBM, FBS, blood TC and LDL-C, whereas it was negatively correlated with blood HDL-C/TC. Multifactor regression analysis showed that weight, age, blood TC and FBS had significant effects on SBP, while weight, age, blood TC and LDL-C had significant effect on DBP. Therefore, avoiding obesity, improving dietary status, taking more physical exercises and suitably lowering blood lipid and FBS should be carried out in children.

[An experimental study of the effect of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms on the central nervous system]

Experimental data indicated that Acanthopanax giraldii given intraperitoneally in mice had pronounced inhibitory effects on the CNS. It reduced the spontaneous activity, prolonged the hypnotic time of pentobarbital sodium and antagonised the amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. The results suggest that the sedative effect of A. giraldii is probably different from that of diazepam, but perhaps similar to that of reserpine.

[An experimental observation on the analgesic and antipyretic effects and toxicity of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms]

Experimental data indicate that EtOH extract of Acanthopanax giraldii (EAGH) has pronounced analgesic action and reduces not only high temperature induced by proteinic jelly, but also normal body temperature in rabbits. However no effect was observed on the fever induced by choleraic vaccine in rabbits. The acute ip LD50 of EAGH in mice was 73.34 +/- 7.29 g/kg (crude drug). In prolonged toxicity test on rats no harmful effects on body weight, blood picture, liver and kidney functions were observed.

[Effects of the preparation of xiao long ling on experimental prostatic hyperplasia in mice]

The results of the experiments indicate that the prostatic hyperplasia caused by Testosteroni Propionatis in mice, cotton oil-induced local swollen ears of mice and the proliferation of granuloma produced by subcutaneous implantation of cotton pill in rats are inhibited significantly by the preparation of Xiao Long Ling. Xiao Long Ling depresses the increase of vascular permeability induced by a variety of inflammatory media such as histamine, 5-HT and PGE. Xiao Long Ling is found capable of inhibiting the platelet aggregation induced by ADP as well as depolymerizing the aggregated platelets.