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Sohail MN, Rathnamma D, Priya SC, Isloor S, Naryanaswamy HD, Ruban SW, Veeregowda BM. Salmonella from Farm to Table: Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella from Commercial Broiler Supply Chain and Its Environment. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:3987111. [PMID: 34660787 PMCID: PMC8514274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3987111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry production chain is one of the major food safety concerns due to indiscriminate usage of antibiotics and the presence of pathogens such as Salmonella which causes infections in various stages of production. In the present study, 182 samples were collected from commercial broiler supply chain, viz., three hatcheries (n = 29), three commercial broiler farms (CBF; n = 99), and three retail meat shops (RMS; n = 54), and used for isolation and identification of Salmonella using three different selective agar media and a selective enrichment medium followed by PCR confirmation targeting the hilA gene. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 47/182 (25.82%), and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence was observed in retail meat shops (46.29%), CBF (19.19%), and hatcheries (10.34%). Comparison of three agar media for isolation of Salmonella revealed that all the media were equally selective. However, PCR amplification of hilA gene fragment was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in selective enrichment culture tetrathionate brilliant green bile broth (TTB) as compared to all solid (agar-based) media. Susceptibility pattern against most frequently used antibiotics revealed that 100% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. High resistance was observed for doxycycline (94.34%), followed by cefpodoxime (84.91%), ciprofloxacin (72.64%), gentamicin (65.09%), enrofloxacin (61.32%), colistin sulphate (40.42%), amikacin (34.91%), ampicillin (33.96%), neomycin (33.02), cefotaxime (30.19%), ceftazidime (29.25%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.58%), amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (21.70%), and chloramphenicol (12.26%); 16.98% of the isolates were ex-tended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 76.41% were multidrug resistant (MDR). MDR Salmonella were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RMS (91.66%) followed by CBF (82.75%), whereas no MDR isolates were present in the isolates from hatcheries. The results indicated a higher prevalence of Salmonella and AMR for commonly used antibiotics in the complete broiler supply chain, especially RMS and CBF. Also, this study idicated that TTB enrichment followed by PCR and colony PCR was found to be rapid, specific and time-saving method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nasim Sohail
- Department of Para-Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar-0093, Afghanistan
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - D. Rathnamma
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Chandra Priya
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Isloor
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. D. Naryanaswamy
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Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Nandinagar, 585401, Bidar, India
| | - S. Wilfred Ruban
- Department of Livestock Products and Technology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - B. M. Veeregowda
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Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, 560024, Bengaluru, India
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