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Talha KA, Patwary MI, Fatema K, Ahmad H, Selina F, Bhuiyan MS, Khatoon M, Islam GMM. Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Blood Stream Infection in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2025; 34:186-191. [PMID: 39739488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Blood stream infection (BSI) is of the most devastating infection of any hospital which has a high mortality. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) and enterococcus species are commonest isolated bacteria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Sylhet Women's Medical College Hospital from October 2022 to March 2023. Total study period was 6 months. Data were collected from electronic medical record (EMR). Out of a total 1674 blood samples 315 samples were positive for blood culture (18.8%). The mean age of the participants was 15.6 year with a highest frequency in the below 20-year age group. Staphylococcus aureus was commonest isolated bacteria followed by CONS. Imipenem (89.0%), Piperacillin and Tazobactam (88.0%), Doxycycline (81.0%) and Amikacin (79.0%) were most sensitive antibiotics. Precise bacteriological profile and antibiogram is helpful for any institution to have an idea about the current infection pattern. Commonly used empirical antibiotics should be selected according to antibiogram of that particular hospital.
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Ahmad H, Ali J, Ahmad K, Biradar G, Zaman A, Uddin Y, Sohail M, Ali S. Assessment of peripheral dose as a function of distance and depth from cobalt-60 beam in water phantom using TLD-100. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:22. [PMID: 38910202 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in cancer treatment have contributed to the improved survival rate of cancer patients. The cancer survival rates have been growing and nearly two third of those survivors have been exposed to clinical radiation during their treatment. The study of long-term radiation effects, especially secondary cancer induction, has become increasingly important. An accurate assessment of out-of-field/peripheral dose (PDs) is necessary to estimate the risk of second cancer after radiotherapy and the damage to the organs at risk surrounding the planning target volume. This study was designed to measure the PDs as a function of dose, distances, and depths from Telecobalt-60 (Co-60) beam in water phantom using thermoluminescent dosimeter-100 (TLD-100). METHODS The PDs were measured for Co-60 beam at specified depths of 0 cm (surface), 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm outside the radiation beam at distances of 5, 10, and 13 cm away from the radiation field edge using TLD-100 (G1 cards) as detectors. These calibrated cards were placed on the acrylic disc in circular tracks. The radiation dose of 2000 mGy of Co-60 beam was applied inside 10 × 10 cm2 field size at constant source to surface distance (SSD) of 80 cm. RESULTS The results showed maximum and minimum PDs at surface and 5 cm depth respectively at all distances from the radiation field edge. Dose distributions out of the field edge with respect to distance were isotropic. The decrease in PDs at 5 cm depth was due to dominant forward scattering of Co-60 gamma rays. The increase in PDs beyond 5 cm depth was due to increase in the irradiated volume, increase in penumbra, increase in source to axis distance (SAD), and increase in field size due to inverse square factor. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the PDs depends upon depth and distance from the radiation field edge. All the measurements show PDs in the homogenous medium (water); therefore, it estimates absorbed dose to the organ at risk (OAR) adjacent to cancer tissues/planning target volume (PTV). It is suggested that PDs can be minimized by using the SAD technique, as this technique controls sources of scattered radiation like inverse square factor and effect of penumbra up-to some extent.
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Bilal M, Ali H, Hassan HU, Khan SU, Ghafar R, Akram W, Ahmad H, Mushtaq S, Jafari H, Yaqoob H, Khan MM, Ullah R, Arai T. Cadmium (Cd) influences calcium (Ca) levels in the skeleton of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e264336. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Environmental contamination with heavy metals is a threat to the organisms due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in food chains. The study was aimed to assess cadmium (Cd) effect on calcium (Ca) level in bones of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. 42 fish individuals were kept into six (6) aquaria; labelled aq.0, 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 in the laboratory for treatment. Aq.0 was control group and aq.1, 2,3,4,5 were experimental with treatment solution of Cd 0, 0.1ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 2.5ppm and 5ppm respectively for three months. After exposure, bones tissue were examined for Cd accumulation and Ca concentration. Highest accumulation of Cd were recorded in aq.5 mean 46.86 ± 0.46 mgkg-1 .and lowest in the control group with mean 0.61 ± 0.06 mgkg-1. The order of Cd bioaccumulation in bones were aq.5 > aq.4 >aq.3 > aq.2 > aq.1 > aq.0. Highest concentration of Ca were noted in aq.0 (Control group) mean 7888.06 ± 4827.22 mgkg-1 and lowest were 1132.36 ± 203.73 mgkg-1 in aq.5 (at 5.0 ppm). Generally a pattern of decreasing Ca level were observed with each rise of Cd bioaccumulation aq.0 > aq.1 > aq.2 > aq.3 > aq.4 > aq.5. Current study indicated that Cd accumulation have substantial effect on Ca level in bones and hence on skeleton system. Strict rules must be implemented by government to control metals pollution and exploitations of biota.
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Abdel-Aziz MFA, Zied RMA, Hassan HU, Sayed AEDH, Ahmad H, Mushtaq S, Yaqoob H, Habib A, Arai T. Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil with plant oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of spinefoot rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e262969. [PMID: 35894354 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract A 95-day feeding study was carried out to evaluate the impact of complete replacement of fish oil by plant oils in the growth performance, feed consumption fatty acid and body composition of juvenile rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. There were four treatments i.e., A (fish oil diet), (linseed oil diet), C (soybean meal oil diet) and D (sunflower oil diet). The experimental trial was conducted in twelve 1.5-m3 fiber glass tanks (n=3). Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles had an average initial weight of 0.948 g ± 0.124 g and they were stocked at 50 fish per tank. Fish fed diet A showed significantly better growth rate, final body weight, and total body weight than fish fed on the other diets. Moreover, the best FCR was observed for diet A followed by diet C and diets B and D had the worst FCR. Fish body composition for crude protein, dry matter, ashes and gross energy at the end of the trial had not differed between the treatments. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found in fish fed diet A followed in decreasing order by diets D, B, and C. Fish oil is a better dietary lipid source for Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles, Siganus rivulatus, than plant oils. Among plant oils, soybean oil was better than linseed oil and sunflower oil as the main dietary fat source.
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Hassan HU, Mawa Z, Ahmad N, Zulfiqar T, Sohail M, Ahmad H, Yaqoob H, Bilal M, Rahman MA, Ullah N, Hossain MY, Habib A, Arai T. Size at sexual maturity estimation for 36 species captured by bottom and mid-water trawls from the marine habitat of Balochistan and Sindh in the Arabian Sea, Pakistan, using maximum length (Lmax) and logistic (L50) models. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e262603. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the size at first sexual maturity (Lm) for 36 species belonging to 24 families from the marine habitat of Balochistan and Sindh in Arabian Sea, Pakistan through maximum length based an empirical and logistic model using commercial catch during June 2020 to May 2021. Individual total length (TL) was noted up to 0.1 cm using measuring broad. The Lm was calculated using two formulae; (i) log (Lm) = - 0.1246 + 0.9924 * log (Lmax) for Elasmobranchs and (ii) log (Lm) = -0.1189 + 0.9157* log (Lmax) for ray-finned fishes. The minimum Lm was recorded as 10.27 cm TL for Caranx malabaricus and 108.38 cm TL for Isurus oxyrinchus, respectively. Around Lm with 58.33% species were ranges from 19.00 cm to 25.00 cm TL. This study was estimated 16 newly Lm which is globally absent and rest 20 Lm are absent in the Arabian Sea (Pakistan coastal habitats). Therefore, the results will be helpful for the sustainable management and conservation of these marine fishes through the establishment of mesh size of trawl nets based on the size at sexual maturity (Lm).
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Ahmad H, Pouseele B. Partial bicorporeal uterus with unexpected cervical findings and a longitudinal obstructing vaginal septum - a case report. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2023; 15:175-179. [PMID: 37436057 PMCID: PMC10410652 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.15.2.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mullerian duct anomalies are prevalent in 4-7% of the female population and come in many different shapes and forms. A lot of effort has already gone into trying to classify these anomalies, and some are still found that do not match any of the subcategories. We report a 49-year-old patient, presenting with abdominal pressure and recent onset of abnormal vaginal bleeding. A laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed, which revealed a U3a-C(?)-V2 mullerian anomaly with three cervical ostia. The origin of the third ostium remains unclear. Early and correct diagnosis of Mullerian anomalies is of the utmost importance to provide individually tailored care and to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
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Ahmad H, Mubarak F, Almaftool W. Work stress among physicians, dubai health authority, in the year 2018-2019. CARDIOMETRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.198206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Work stress is a significant problem that affects physicians. Multiple sources can contribute to this problem. High-stress rates among physicians can manifest in various expressions, including cognitive, behavioral, and somatic expressions. Work performance and quality of medical care administered to patients can be undermined by over-stressed physicians. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of stress among physicians working in governmental health facilities in Dubai (2018-2019) and their relationship with socio-demographic and job factors. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. This study population includes all physicians practicing in Dubai Health Authority hospitals and primary health care centers in the Year 2018-2019. Target Number is 1337 taken from the registry of Dubai health authority administration, but only 668 questionnaires were included with a RR of 49.9%. The data tool used in this study is a modified self-administered questionnaire from both validated health and safety executive (Barbaranelli et al., 2018) occupational stress and stress questionnaire by International Stress Management Association UK 2013. It consists of 22 items which were divided into demographic, stress indicators, factors, and other domains. They were distributed as hard copies by hand. Findings: The study concluded that 40.2% were more likely to experience stress, while 59.8% were most prone to stress. Furthermore, the study showed a strong association with different factors such as the role of managers, shift duty, and multi-task work. Conclusion: Work stress is a prevalent problem among physicians working at Dubai health authority. The stress is associated with factors: such as multi-task work, shift hours’ duties, time pressure, and the role of line manager. Implications for Occupational Health Nursing Practice or Implications for Occupational Health Practice: Healthier working environment will promote the well-being of its staff and ensure the proper delivery of care to the community.
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Maulana MR, Sugiman S, Ahmad H, Jaini ZM, Mansor H. Strength Prediction of Notched Foamed Concrete Beam Strengthened with KFRP Plates under Flexural Load. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Goel A, Malik A, Bandyopadhyay D, Gupta R, Hajra A, Krishnan AM, Singhal M, Ahmad H. Trends in outcomes, complications and readmission rates in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide analysis from 2012 to 2019. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has evolved over the years from a procedure requiring surgical vascular access and general anesthesia, to one that can be completed entirely percutaneously with conscious sedation. Advancement in procedural techniques and operator experience has resulted in better outcomes for patients undergoing TAVI.
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to analyze the trends over the years in outcomes, complications and unplanned readmission rate in patients undergoing TAVI.
Methods
The United States Nationwide Readmission Database for the years 2012 to 2019 was queried to identify all adult patients who underwent elective TAVI. The primary outcome of the study was inpatient mortality during TAVI hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included periprocedural complications (like acute kidney injury, bleeding requiring transfusion, need for permanent pacemaker implantation, stroke), length of stay, hospitalization cost, and unplanned 30-day readmission rate. Appropriate International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes were used to identify comorbidities and complications.
Results
A total of 283,409 patients who underwent TAVI were included in the study. The baseline characteristics of these patients are shown in picture 1. The inpatient mortality during TAVI admission declined steadily and significantly from 5.3% in the year 2012 to 0.0% in the year 2019 (p value for trend <0.001). There was a significant reduction in peri-TAVI occurrence of acute kidney injury (from 18.1% in 2012 to 8.7% in 2019), bleeding requiring transfusion (from 28.0% in 2012 to 4.3% in 2019), and stroke (from 1.8% in 2012 to 0.1% in 2019) (p value for trend <0.001 for all). Periprocedural conduction abnormalities requiring permanent pacemaker implantation increased from 7.4% in 2012 to 12.1% in 2015, before coming down to 8.9% in 2019 (p value for trend <0.001). The mean length of hospital stay and inflation-adjusted costs during admission for TAVI decreased from 9.6 days and $64,695 in the year 2012, to 3.6 days and $49,710 in the year 2019, respectively (p value for both <0.001). The unplanned 30-day all-cause readmission rate after TAVI also reduced steadily and significantly from 18.2% in 2012 to 11.5% in 2019 (p value <0.001).
Conclusion
Over the years, there has been a significant reduction in inpatient mortality, periprocedural complications (such as acute kidney injury, need for blood transfusion, stroke), length of hospital stay, and inflation-adjusted hospital costs in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Furthermore, there has been a significant decline in the 30-day unplanned readmission rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Goel A, Malik A, Bandyopadhyay D, Chakraborty S, Gupta R, Hajra A, Abbott JD, Ahmad H. Same-day discharge following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a propensity-matched analysis from national readmission database. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The length of hospital stay following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has decreased in recent years, and next-day discharge strategy is being increasingly adopted in some centers. Whether it is safe to further expedite discharge post-TAVR in selected patients by allowing discharge on the same day as the procedure remains unknown. In addition to potentially decreasing hospitalization costs, it could also limit the inpatient footprint and strain on healthcare resources.
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to compare the 30-day readmission rate in patients receiving TAVR who were discharged the same day (same-day discharge or SDD group) with those who were discharged on a different day (different-day discharge or DDD group). Additionally, we aimed to identify risk factors for readmission after TAVR.
Methods
We used the United States Nationwide Readmission Database to identify all adults who underwent elective TAVR in the years 2015–2019. The primary outcome of this study was all-cause 30-day readmission rate. The secondary outcomes were total hospital costs for the index admission, and risk factors for 30-day readmission. Propensity score matching was conducted to compare the SDD and DDD groups. Independent risk factors of 30-day readmission were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of the unmatched cohort.
Results
Of the 196,618 patients who received TAVR (mean age 79.5±8.4 years, 45.0% females), 245 (0.12%) patients were discharged on the same day they received TAVR (SDD group), and the remaining 196,373 were discharged on a different day (DDD group). In the DDD group, the median length of hospital stay was 2 days (interquartile range 1–4 days). A 1:3 propensity score analysis generated a matched cohort including 245 and 889 patients in the SDD and DDD groups, respectively. The 30-day readmission rate was similar between the SDD and DDD groups (11.0% versus 10.8%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–1.71, p=0.989). Hospitalization costs were significantly lower in the SDD group than the DDD group ($37,811±18,029 versus $49,130±27,007, p<0.001) (see Picture 1). Age, female gender, history of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, oxygen use, prior stroke, peripheral vascular disease, anemia, liver disease, and cancer were found to be independent risk factors for 30-day readmission after TAVR (see Picture 2).
Conclusion
In this large nationwide database analysis, patients receiving uncomplicated TAVR who were discharged on the same day as the procedure had a similar all-cause 30-day readmission rate and significantly lower hospital costs compared to those discharged on a different day. These results indicate that same-day discharge after TAVR may be a safe and feasible option in carefully selected patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Elamin A, Ahmad H, Muhammed E, Anwar S, Lipp G, Appleby C. Comparison between 2 futility scores in comatosed survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest in a large tertiary centre in the United Kingdom: MIRACLE2 vs NULL-PLEASE. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The management of patients presenting with an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is resource intensive, and mortality remains very high. Several scoring systems have been developed to predict mortality and adverse neurological outcomes, and thus aid decision making for patients arriving to heart attack centres. Two of the most commonly used scoring systems are NULL-PLEASE (1) and MIRACLE2 (2).
Purpose
The MIRCALE2 score predicts poor neurological outcome at 6 months, as measured by Cerebral Performance Category (CPC). The NULL-PLEASE score predicts in-hospital morality. We aimed to compare both scores in predicting their primary end-points in a large tertiary centre in the UK.
Method and results
This was a retrospective analysis of 435 patient who were admitted with OHCA via the primary PCI pathway to a large tertiary cardiac centre between January 2016 and September 2020. Only comatosed OHCA survivors requiring pre-hospital ventilatory support were included. 319 patients were eligible 238 patients had complete set of data and were included in the final analysis.
The association of the primary outcome was examined using logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability of the scores for the primary endpoint was tested using AUC analysis.
In-hospital mortality was 45% (108 patients), with 53% having good neurological outcome at 6 months (CPC <3). The median MIRACLE2 score for our cohort was 5 (total score 10). The median neurological outcome measured by CPC was 2. The median NULL-PLEASE score was 2 (total 14). A ROC curve for both scores was plotted, with area under the curve at 0.73 for the MIRACLE2, and 0. 0.81 for NULL-PLEASE (figure 1 and 2). Our final analysis demonstrated a MIRACLE2 score of 5 or more had sensitivity of 67% to predict poor neurological outcome (CPC 3–5). The NULL-PLEASE, score of >3 had 74% sensitivity to predict in hospital mortality.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the MIRCLE2 and NULL-PLEASE scoring systems. Both scores did not perform as expected in our large retrospective analysis. The NULL-PLEASE was more sensitive in predicting in-hospital mortality, although MIRACLE 2 score was easier to use as it had less variables to collect.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Shin YS, Fomina N, Johnson C, Rocznik T, Ahmad H, Staley RPA, Weller J, Lang C. Toward Rapid and Automated Immunoassays: Using a Localized Electrochemical pH Modulation Platform to Perform a Single-Step Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13171-13180. [PMID: 36099239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical platform for generating and controlling a localized pH microenvironment on demand is proposed by employing a closed-loop control algorithm based on an iridium oxide pH sensor input. We use a combination of solution-borne quinones and galvanostatic excitation on a prepatterned indium tin oxide (ITO) working electrode to modulate pH within a very well confined, small volume of solution close to the electrode surface. We demonstrate that the rate of pH change can be controlled at up to 2 pH s-1 with an excellent repeatability (±0.004). The desired pH microenvironment can be stably maintained for longer than 2 h within ±0.0012 pH. As a high-impact application of the platform technology, we propose a single-step immunoassay and demonstrate its utility in measuring C-reactive protein (CRP), a critical inflammatory marker in various conditions such as myocardial infarction and even SARS-Cov-2. Utilizing pH modulation technology along with pH-sensitive fluorescence dye simplifies the immunoassay process into a single-step, where a mixture of all of the reagents is incubated only for 1 h without any washing steps or the need to change solution. This simplified immunoassay process minimizes the hands-on time of the end-user and thus decreases technician-driven errors. Moreover, the absence of complicated liquid-handling hardware makes it more suitable and attractive for an ultracompact platform to ultimately be used in a point-of-care diagnostic assay.
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Talha KA, Hasan MF, Selina F, Ahmad H, Kaiser FR, Erica KT. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Types of Female Intern Doctors and Their Specialty Preference. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:806-811. [PMID: 35780367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types were established in 1940s. Career planning of doctors were found related to the MBTI personality. There are 16 subtypes of MBTI based on 4 dichotomies. Relationship between MBTI and career choice has been changed gradually in last few decades. Extroverted doctors are supposed to select surgery and introverted are prone to choose medicine according to MBTI study. This was a cross-sectional study on the female interns of Sylhet Women's Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from September 2021 to November 2021, to evaluate their MBTI personality type and the career planning of these individual subtypes. Commonest subtypes of participants ISTP (Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving) (14.13%) and ESTP (Extraverted, Observant, Thinking and Prospecting) (14.13%). Other common MBTI personality subtypes were ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking and Judgment) (9.78%), ISFP (Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving) (8.69%), ESFJ (Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling and Judging) (6.52%), ENTP (Extraverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Perceiving) (5.43%), INFJ (Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling and Judging) (5.43%), INTJ (Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging) (5.43%) and ISFJ (Introverted, Sensing, Feeling and Judging) (5.43%). Introverted (57.7%) participants were more than extroverted (42.3%) participants. Percentage of general surgery and OBG were higher in the extroverted group and the percentage of medicine was more in the introverted group but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The career planning of ENFJ, ENFP, ESTP and ISTJ subtypes of participants of this study had similarity of those of MBTI database.
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Ab. Rahim H, Ahmad H, Wahab N, Ab. Rahim M. Development of Kaya Slice (coconut jam slice): evaluation of physicochemical,
sensory evaluation and macronutrients composition when cooperated with
gelatin. FOOD RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6(2).240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaya Slice is a nutritious traditional breakfast-on-the-go that was innovated from the
traditional kaya. In this study, the traditional kaya was transformed into square shape
gelatin to make it a more convenient and ready-to-eat breakfast. A total of six
formulations were developed by using commercial and fresh coconut milk together with
different percentages of gelatin (2%, 4%, and 6%). This insight was investigated by
sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic and scoring test in descriptive data set. The
best formulation obtained from the evaluation of 35 panellists was then characterized in
terms of physicochemical properties (Texture Profile Analysis (firmness), Brix, Protein,
Fat, Fiber, and Calories). From the descriptive data, all formulations were accepted by the
panellist. Nevertheless, ANOVA analysis indicated that C2 (commercial coconut milk +
4% of gelatin) is the best formulation. In macronutrient analysis, Kaya Slice was found to
have good dietary fibre content (0.11 g/100 g), high-fat content (0.49 g/100 g), protein
content (0.32 g/100 g) compare to the commercial kaya (0.00 g/100 g), (1.00 g/100 g), and
(0.00 g/100 g) respectively. Low-calorie content in Kaya Slice with 45 % of °Brix value is
the minimal degree of Brix and the texture was softer (hardness) (significantly different
(p<0.05)) to commercially processed cheese slice as standard. Overall, Kaya Slice has a
great potential in becoming new emergent of traditional nutritious breakfast on the go.
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Ahmad S, Zainab, Ahmad H, Khan I, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Ali M, Ullah A, Hussain H, Khan NM, Ali F, Ahmad M. Green synthesis of gold nanaoparticles using Delphinium Chitralense tuber extracts, their characterization and enzyme inhibitory potential. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e257622. [PMID: 35293518 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis has been introduced as an alternative to chemical synthesis due to the serious consequences. Metal nanoparticles synthesized through green approach have different pharmaceutical, medical and agricultural applications. The present study followed a green and simple route for the preparation of potentially bioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Au NPs were prepared via green synthesis approach using crude basic alkaloidal portion of the tuber of Delphinium chitralense. The green synthesized Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Morphological analysis shows that Au NPs have cubic geometry with different sizes. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the synthesis of Au NPs while XRD proved their pure crystalline phase. The Au NPs showed promising dose dependent inhibition of both AChE and BChE as compared to the crude as well as standard drug.
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Ahmad H, Azri MFM, Ramli R, Samion MZ, Yusoff N, Lim KS. 2 μm passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber lasers with Ta 2AlC-deposited tapered and side-polished fibers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21278. [PMID: 34711908 PMCID: PMC8553755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, mode-locked thulium-doped fiber lasers operating in the 2 µm wavelength region were demonstrated using tantalum aluminum carbide (Ta2AlC)-based saturable absorbers (SAs) utilizing the evanescent wave interaction. The Ta2AlC MAX Phase was prepared by dissolving the Ta2AlC powder in isopropyl alcohol and then deposited onto three different evanescent field-based devices, which were the tapered fiber, side-polished fiber, and arc-shaped fiber. Flame-brushing and wheel-polishing techniques were used to fabricate the tapered and arc-shaped fibers, respectively, while the side-polished fiber was purchased commercially. All three SA devices generated stable mode-locked pulses at center wavelengths of 1937, 1931, and 1929 nm for the tapered, side-polished, and arc-shaped fibers. The frequency of the mode-locked pulses was 10.73 MHz for the tapered fiber, 9.58 MHz for the side-polished fiber, and 10.16 MHz for the arc-shaped fiber. The measured pulse widths were 1.678, 1.734, and 1.817 ps for each of the three SA devices. The long-term stability of the mode-locked lasers was tested for each configuration over a 2-h duration. The lasers also showed little to no fluctuations in the center wavelengths and the peak optical intensities, demonstrating a reliable, ultrafast laser system.
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Ahmad H, Lindemuth J, Engel Z, Matthews CM, McCrone TM, Doolittle WA. Substantial P-Type Conductivity of AlN Achieved via Beryllium Doping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104497. [PMID: 34476854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beryllium has long been predicted by first principle theory as the best p-type dopant for GaN and AlN. But experimental validation of these theories has not, until now, borne out the original predictions. A key challenge is the dopant-induced strain leading to Be rejection from substitutional sites in favor of interstitial sites, leading to self-compensation. More flexible growth methods like metal modulated epitaxy (MME) that can operate at substantially lower temperatures than traditional approaches, can more effectively place Be into the proper substitutional lattice sites. MME grown Be-doped AlN shows substantial p-type conductivity with hole concentrations in the range of 2.3 × 1015 -3.1 × 1018 cm-3 at room temperature. While others have achieved sizable carrier concentrations near surfaces via carbon doping or Si implantation, this is the only known demonstration of substantial bulk p-type doping in AlN and is a nearly 1000 times higher carrier concentration than the best previously demonstrated bulk electron concentrations in AlN. The acceptor activation energy is found to be ≈37 meV, ≈8 times lower than predicted in literature but on par with similar results for MME p-type GaN. Preliminary results suggest that the films are highly compensated. A p-AlN:Be/i-GaN:Be/n-GaN:Ge pin diode is demonstrated with substantial rectification.
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Pengiran H, Kamaldin J, Leo BF, Ahmad H. Larvicidal efficacy of temephos impregnated onto kenaf cellulose nanofibre to control Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:453-461. [PMID: 34608119 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Larviciding is an effective control method in managing mosquito-borne diseases. However, most of the current larvicide formulations have raised environmental concerns due to the presence of non-biodegradable inert or carrier materials. Therefore, the utilisation of biodegradable natural cellulosic fibres has created much attention. This study aims to evaluate the application of biodegradable kenaf cellulose nanofibre (KCNF) in larvicide formulation where the larvicide, namely temephos, is impregnated onto the fibre matrix (KCNF+T). The bioefficacy of the formulation was evaluated against Aedes aegypti ( A. aegypti) mosquito larvae. The presence of the temephos on the KCNF was evaluated through micro- morphological analysis using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), while the quantity of temephos impregnated, released, and retained on the fibres upon dispersion in water were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was observed that 97% of the temephos (0.1 mg) were impregnated on the KCNF. Upon dispersion in water, 53% of the temephos were released from the KCNF+T and the retention of temephos on the KCNF+T gradually decreased to 30%, 17%, and 7% on the first, third, and fifth month, respectively. Exposure of the A. aegypti larvae to the KCNF+T at concentrations ranging between 0.006 to 0.01 mg/L was effective in killing A. aegypti larvae at 17-25 folds as compared to using the temephos without KCNF. Microscopic examination revealed the accumulation of the KCNF on the larval appendages. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the utilisation of KCNF in pesticide formulation is an effective way of delivering the temephos to control A. aegypti mosquito larva.
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Porter G, Murphy E, Adamu F, Dayil PB, De Lannoy A, Han S, Mansour H, Dungey C, Ahmad H, Maskiti B, S C, Van der Weidje K. Women's mobility and transport in the peripheries of three African cities: Reflecting on early impacts of COVID-19. TRANSPORT POLICY 2021; 110:181-190. [PMID: 35721253 PMCID: PMC9188408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reflects on the mobility experiences of women in African cities in COVID-19, based on research conducted both prior to and following entry into the COVID-19 'moment'. It draws on material collected during an ongoing action research study aimed at addressing the everyday transport and mobility challenges faced by young women living in poor peripheral communities of three African cities - Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. The project has the specific objective of supporting young women's improved access to employment opportunities through trialling various mobility/transport-related skills interventions (based on prior in-depth analysis of mobility constraints). With the onset of COVID-19 some readjustments to the research focus and planned interventions became necessary. The research teams, together with an NGO partner, are now working to chart how young women's everyday experiences of mobility and transport - both as transport users and as transport sector workers - are changing as processes of lockdown and their relaxation evolve. The paper covers the period from early 2019 through to March 2021, and offers reflections regarding 'lived experiences' of mobility practice pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and the potential longer-term mobility-related impacts for women resident in low-income neighbourhoods in a post-COVID-19 era. This leads to consideration of key policy lessons. There is potential for prioritisation of Non-Motorised Transport interventions towards a green restart that would benefit women (for instance through promoting women's cycling), and for growing women's participation as transport operators, even perhaps the usage of drones to aid women's safer pedestrian travel. But such interventions will require far greater representation of women in COVID-19 and wider transport decision-making entities than has hitherto been the case.
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Majeed A, Muhammad Z, Ahmad H, Rehmanullah, Hayat SSS, Inayat N, Siyyar S. Nigella sativa L.: Uses in traditional and contemporary medicines – An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ullah N, Kakakhel MA, Bai Y, Xi L, Khan I, Kalra BS, Kumar T, Ahmad H, Shah M, Guanlan L, Zhang C. Prevalence of active HCV infection and genotypic distribution among the general population of district Mardan, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e244977. [PMID: 34287506 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the serious global public health burden of liver disease. Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with (HCV). In Pakistan, where the disease has high occurrence rate. The present study envisages an up-to-date prevalence of HCV and genotypic distribution in the general population of Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The blood samples from 6,538 individuals including 3,263 males and 3,275 females were analyzed for hepatitis C surface antigen by Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that 396 (12.13%) out of 3263 individuals contained antibodies in their blood against HCV, while among the different age groups, the highest incidences of HCV antibodies were found in the 31-40 age group (11.01%). The ICT positive samples were further screened by nested PCR to determine the existence of active HCV-RNA. It was identified that 7.11% (3263) of the total population (6538) tested was positive, among which the 461 (14.07%) females possessed antibodies in their blood against HCV. Our data showed total HCV infection in the investigated population was 5.78%. Higher percentage of HCV prevalence was detected in males than females in the age group 31-40 and 41-50. To compare the prevalence of HCV genotypes age-wise in male and female genotype 3a was found most prevalent genotype followed by 1a, 2a and 3b, respectively.
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Xia Q, Campbell JA, Ahmad H, Palmer AJ. Comment on: Bariatric surgery is expensive but improves co-morbidity: 5-year assessment of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e280. [PMID: 34115829 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ahmad H, Ramli R, Ismail NN, Aidit SN, Yusoff N, Samion MZ. Passively mode locked thulium and thulium/holmium doped fiber lasers using MXene Nb 2C coated microfiber. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11652. [PMID: 34078979 PMCID: PMC8172565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials for various opto-electronics applications, a new class of materials named MXenes have been attracting interests due to their outstanding nonlinear properties. In this work, an MXene niobium carbide (Nb2C) was proposed and demonstrated as a saturable absorber to induce mode-locking in thulium- and thulium/holmium-doped fiber lasers. The Nb2C solution was first prepared using the liquid exfoliation technique, and then deposited onto a microfiber for integration into the laser cavity. Stable mode-locking operation was observed in both laser cavities, where the center wavelengths of the laser were recorded at 1944 nm for the TDFL and 1950 nm for the THDFL. The generated pulses in the TDFL and THDFL had repetition rates of 9.35 and 11.76 MHz respectively, while their corresponding pulse widths were 1.67 and 1.34 ps. Both of the lasers were highly stable, having SNR values of more than 52 dB and showed no major fluctuations when tested for their long-term stabilities. The results demonstrate an excellent performance of the Nb2C as a saturable absorber, offering opportunities to further explore MXenes for future photonics devices.
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Tariq A, Ilyas M, Riaz A, Waqas, Waris, Ahmad H. PGVdb: A reference database of genetic variations in the Pakistani populations. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hoque MSB, Koh YR, Aryana K, Hoglund ER, Braun JL, Olson DH, Gaskins JT, Ahmad H, Elahi MMM, Hite JK, Leseman ZC, Doolittle WA, Hopkins PE. Thermal conductivity measurements of sub-surface buried substrates by steady-state thermoreflectance. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:064906. [PMID: 34243549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the thermal conductivity of sub-surface buried substrates is of significant practical interests. However, this remains challenging with traditional pump-probe spectroscopies due to their limited thermal penetration depths. Here, we experimentally and numerically investigate the TPD of the recently developed optical pump-probe technique steady-state thermoreflectance (SSTR) and explore its capability for measuring the thermal properties of buried substrates. The conventional definition of the TPD (i.e., the depth at which temperature drops to 1/e value of the maximum surface temperature) does not truly represent the upper limit of how far beneath the surface SSTR can probe. For estimating the uncertainty of SSTR measurements of a buried substrate a priori, sensitivity calculations provide the best means. Thus, detailed sensitivity calculations are provided to guide future measurements. Due to the steady-state nature of SSTR, it can measure the thermal conductivity of buried substrates that are traditionally challenging by transient pump-probe techniques, exemplified by measuring three control samples. We also discuss the required criteria for SSTR to isolate the thermal properties of a buried film. Our study establishes SSTR as a suitable technique for thermal characterizations of sub-surface buried substrates in typical device geometries.
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