Assessment of the relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and subclavian artery stenosis

OBJECTIVE

Assessment of the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new tool for predicting inflammation, which plays a major role in atherosclerosis. Subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) is usually asymptomatic, and atherosclerosis is the most common cause of chronic obstruction of the subclavian artery in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the MHR and SAS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between January 2015 and January 2020, 43 patients with SAS and 43 patients without SAS were enrolled in the study. The patients' angiographic, demographic and clinic characteristics were reviewed from their medical records. Monocytes and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterols were measured through a complete blood count. The MHR was calculated as the ratio of the absolute monocyte count to the HDL cholesterol value. The resulting MHR values were divided into the following three groups: low (7.16 ± 1.59), moderate (11.08 ± 1.53) and high (21.70 ± 5.62). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

MHR was found to be significantly higher in the SAS group compared to the control group with normal subclavian arteries (p<0.001). The frequency of SAS was found to increase with an increase in the MHR tertiles. Sensitivity and specificity values were 69.8% and 95.3%, respectively. The cut-off of the MHR value, taken as 13.39, was found to provide a significantly accurate prediction of the subclavian diagnosis (ROC area under the curve: 0.868, 95% CI: 0.789-0.947, p<0.001). After adjusting for other hematological parameters in the multivariate analysis, MHR (p=0.061) was found to be a predictor of the presence of SAS.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that MHR can be a convenient marker for predicting SAS because of the correlation between MHR and SAS.

The Effect of Perineal Warm Application on Perineal Pain, Perineal Integrity, and Postpartum Comfort in the Second Stage of Labor: Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND

Protection of perineum and reduction of perineal pain is important in the second stage of labor.

AIM

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perineal warm application on perineal pain, perineal integrity, and postnatal comfort in the second stage of labor.

METHODS

A single blind randomized and controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 100 primiparous pregnant women in the warm application (n = 50) and control groups (n = 50). The warm application group was given a damp and warm application to the perineal region during the second stage of labor and only the standard midwifery care was given to the control group. Pregnant Introductory Form was used in the collection of data. Perineal pain level was measured prior to and after the intervention, after delivery, and 2 h from delivery by means of Visual Analogue Scale. In the postpartum period, the perineal condition was evaluated by the midwife with Questionnaire to Determine the Perineal Condition. Two hours from the delivery, Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire was used to determine the comfort level of the women.

RESULTS

It was found that there was a decrease in the pain levels of the warm application group compared to pre-intervention pain levels (p < 0.0001). When the warm application and control groups were compared, we found statistically significant differences between the pain levels immediately after the intervention (perineal pain: 8.54 ± 1.38 vs. 9.56 ± 0.57, p < 0.0001), after delivery (perineal pain: 2.20 ± 1.72 vs. 3.64 ± 2.07, p < 0.0001), and 2 h after delivery (perineal pain: 0.30 ± 0.78 vs. 0.68 ± 0.98, p = 0.028). In the study, the intactness of perineum was found to be significantly higher in the warm application group compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The suture need for perinea was significantly higher in the control group than in the warm application group (p = 0.016). In the study, the physical comfort level of the warm application group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (56.06 ± 4.61 vs. 54.30 ± 4.73, p = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS

In the second stage of labor, it was found that the application of warmth decreases perineal pain, maintains the perineal integrity, and improves postpartum comfort.

UV/vis spectrophotometric determination of slow equilibrated N(1)-H missing deprotonation constant of a pyrimidine and thiopyrimidine: The final situation of the four pKa values

The missing acidity constant of recently synthesized 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-one (I) and 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione (II) are investigated as a function of time at pH values from 1.0 to 3.20 for I and from 1.0 to 4.06 for II using UV/vis spectroscopic analysis of their aged solutions, at a temperature of 25 ± 0.1 °C. In this study, a novel time-dependent isosbestic point method was developed to confirm the presence of any weak acid - base equilibrium and the detection of related equilibration time. The missing acidity constants for each of I and II were determined in 5.0% v/v aqueous methanol. Plausible acid base equilibrium mechanism for the missing acidity constant was presented for each of the compounds based on the extensive experimental UV/vis data. In this context, all the acid base equilibria for each of the regarding compounds were completely revised through different pH values.

Electronic absorption study on hydration, solvation behavior for some keto and thioketo pyrimidine derivatives

In this study, the hydration and solvation properties of recently synthesized 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-one, (I) and 5-benzoyl-1-(methylphenylmethyleneamino)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione, (II), were studied with respect to pH and time by using UV-vis spectroscopy method in aqueous (95.0% v/v water) and methanol (95.0% v/v methanol) media. The roles of the keto oxygen of I and the thioketo sulfur of II on the hydration and solvation behavior were discussed. The experiments were performed at 25 °C and at pH values between 1.0 and 13.0. Compound I was found to undergo hydration best in strongly acidic solutions. However, compound II was found to undergo solvation best in basic solutions. The preferred hydration and solvation mechanisms were discussed based on UV-vis data and the related mechanisms undergoing in strongly acidic and basic regions were proposed for the each compound.