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Ishikawa S, Ogawa Y, Tamaki M, Takashima M, Tajika Y, Moue T, Zhang M, Kusayanagi H, Sunagawa M, Hisamitsu T. Influence of Palmatine on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice and Cytokine Secretion of Osteoblasts. In Vivo 2015; 29:671-677. [PMID: 26546523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), regulate the cognate receptor RANK on osteoclast precursor cells. Herein we examined the inhibitory effects of palmatine on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first experimentaI set was designed to histologically and biochemically examine mice randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, OVX, and OVX-palmatine intake groups (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). The second experimental set examined the influence of palmatine on osteoblast-like cells in vitro. RESULTS Palmatine caused significant suppression of osteoclast numbers in tissues. In palmatine-treated mice, RANKL and OPG expression decreased. In the culture supernatant of MC3T3-E1 cells, RANKL and OPG levels were significantly reduced by palmatine addition. CONCLUSION Palmatine may attenuate osteoclast differentiation through inhibition of RANKL and OPG expression by osteoblasts. Therefore, palmatine might be a candidate anti-resorptive agent for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Ogawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Tamaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takashima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tajika
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kusayanagi H, Ishikawa S, Tajika Y, Moue T, Sunagawa M, Hisamitsu T. Influence of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Nitric Monoxide Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells in Rats. In Vivo 2015; 29:679-685. [PMID: 26546524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In Chinese medicine, blood stasis termed as 'Oketsu' means 'preceding state' or 'symptomatic of sickness'. Traditional Chinese medicine may improve blood flow by vasodilation or blood clotting inhibition. Although acupuncture influences the blood circulatory system, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we evaluated changes in NO, as reflected by changes in NO2 (-), platelet aggregation, oxidative stress and endocrine responses after acupuncture stimulation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acupuncture stimulation was administered to rats randomly divided into five groups: control, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) injection, restraint stress (RS), restraint plus acupuncture stimulation (RA), and restraint plus acupuncture with L-NAME (RLA). RESULTS Compared to those in the RS group, levels of NO2 (-), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein and its mRNA significantly increased and those of hydroperoxide and soluble P-selectin significantly decreased in the RA group. CONCLUSION Acupuncture stimulation regulates vascular endothelium NOS function and affects vascular resistance and blood characteristics through NO. Additionally, NO produced may modulate excessive reactive oxygen development and blood platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kusayanagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tajika
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mori F, Ljoka C, Nicoletti CG, Kusayanagi H, Buttari F, Giordani L, Rossi S, Foti C, Centonze D. CB1 receptor affects cortical plasticity and response to physiotherapy in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2014; 1:e48. [PMID: 25520956 PMCID: PMC4268035 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic effects of physical therapy in neurologic disorders mostly rely on the promotion of use-dependent synaptic plasticity in damaged neuronal circuits. Genetic differences affecting the efficiency of synaptic plasticity mechanisms could explain why some patients do not respond adequately to the treatment. It is known that physical exercise activates the endocannabinoid system and that stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) promotes synaptic plasticity in both rodents and humans. We thus tested whether CB1R genetic variants affect responsiveness to exercise therapy. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a genetic variant of the CB1R associated with reduced receptor expression (patients with long AAT trinucleotide short tandem repeats in the CNR1 gene) on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic theta burst stimulation (TBS) of the motor cortex and, in parallel, on clinical response to exercise therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS We found that patients with long AAT CNR1 repeats do not express TBS-induced LTP-like cortical plasticity and show poor clinical benefit after exercise therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence that genetic differences within the CB1R may influence clinical responses to exercise therapy, and they strengthen the hypothesis that CB1Rs are involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and in the control of spasticity in humans. This information might be of great relevance for patient stratification and personalized rehabilitation treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Ljoka
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina G Nicoletti
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Giordani
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Foti
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
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Mori F, Kusayanagi H, Nicoletti CG, Weiss S, Marciani MG, Centonze D. Cortical plasticity predicts recovery from relapse in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013; 20:451-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458513512541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by the occurrence of clinical relapses, followed by remitting phases of a neurological deficit. Clinical remission after a relapse can be complete, with a return to baseline function that was present before, but is sometimes only partial or absent. Remyelination and repair of the neuronal damage do contribute to recovery, but they are usually incomplete. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that synaptic plasticity, namely long-term potentiation (LTP), may represent an additional substrate for compensating the clinical defect that results from the incomplete repair of neuronal damage. Methods: We evaluated the correlation between a measure of LTP, named paired associative stimulation (PAS), at the time of relapse and symptom recovery, in a cohort of 22 newly-diagnosed MS patients. Results: PAS-induced LTP was normal in patients with complete recovery, and reduced in patients showing incomplete or absent recovery, 12 weeks after the relapse onset. A multivariate regression model showed that PAS-induced LTP and age may contribute to predict null, partial or complete symptom recovery after a relapse. Conclusion: Synaptic plasticity may contribute to symptom recovery after a relapse in MS; and PAS, measured during a relapse, may be used as a predictor of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Gabri Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - Sagit Weiss
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Marciani
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Rome, Italy
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Mori F, Nicoletti CG, Kusayanagi H, Foti C, Restivo DA, Marciani MG, Centonze D. Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates tactile sensory deficit in multiple sclerosis. Brain Stimul 2012; 6:654-9. [PMID: 23122918 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficit of tactile sensation in patients with MS is frequent and can be associated with interference with daily life activities. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) showed to increase tactile discrimination in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether tDCS may be effective in ameliorating tactile sensory deficit in MS patients. METHODS Patients received sham or real anodal tDCS of the somatosensory cortex for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled study. Discrimination thresholds of spatial tactile sensation were measured using the grating orientation task (GOT). As secondary outcomes we also measured subjective perception of tactile sensory deficit through a visual analog scale (VAS), quality of life and overall disability to evaluate the impact of the treatment on patients daily life. Evaluations were performed at baseline and during a 4-week follow-up period. RESULTS Following anodal but not sham tDCS over the somatosensory cortex, there was a significant improvement of discriminatory thresholds at the GOT and increased VAS for sensation scores. Quality of life, and disability changes were not observed. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a five day course of anodal tDCS is able to ameliorate tactile sensory loss with long-lasting beneficial effects and could thus represent a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tactile sensory deficit in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Mori F, Kusayanagi H, Buttari F, Centini B, Monteleone F, Nicoletti CG, Bernardi G, Di Cantogno EV, Marciani MG, Centonze D. Early treatment with high-dose interferon beta-1a reverses cognitive and cortical plasticity deficits in multiple sclerosis. Funct Neurol 2012; 27:163-168. [PMID: 23402677 PMCID: PMC3812766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is associated with cognitive deficits and alterations of cortical plasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested whether early treatment with high-dose interferon (IFN) beta-1a, known to reduce inflammatory activity, improves cortical function and cognitive deficits in MS. Eighty treatment-naïve relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)patients received IFN beta-1a (44 mcg) subcutaneously three times per week. Cognitive performance and cortical plasticity were measured through the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) before and up to two years af-ter IFN beta-1a initiation. Before treatment, patients with gadolinium-enhancing lesions (Gd+) on MRI performed worse on the PASAT,and showed lower iTBS-induced plasticity, compared with Gd- patients. Six months after treatment initiation both PASAT and iTBS-induced plasticity improved in Gd+ and remained stable in Gd- patients. These results suggest that cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits may be rescued during high-doseIFN beta-1a treatment in newly-diagnosed RRMS patients with Gd+ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Correspondence to: Francesco Mori, UOSD CSM, Clinica Neurologica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy, E-mail:
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Mori F, Kusayanagi H, Buttari F, Nicoletti CG, Bernardi G, Centonze D. Glatiramer Acetate Reverses Plasticity and Cognitive Deficits Associated with Acute Inflammation in MS (P04.118). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Koch G, Esposito Z, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Codecá C, Di Lorenzo F, Caltagirone C, Bernardi G, Martorana A. CSF tau levels influence cortical plasticity in Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:181-6. [PMID: 21606570 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration, reduced levels of neurotransmitters, and altered forms of synaptic plasticity. In animal models of AD, amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins are supposed to interfere with synaptic transmission. In the current study, we investigated the correlation between motor cortical plasticity, measured with 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and the levels of Aβ₁₋₄₂, total tau (t-Tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients. We found that the overall rTMS after effects were milder in AD patients in comparison with controls. In AD patients the amount of rTMS-induced inhibition correlated with CSF t-Tau, but not with Aβ₁₋₄₂ CSF levels. Surprisingly, higher CSF t-Tau levels were associated to a stronger inhibition of the motor evoked potentials, implying that the expected effects of the 1 Hz rTMS protocol were more evident in patients with more pathological t-Tau CSF levels. These data could be interpreted as the consequence of CSF t-Tau mediated abnormal excitatory activity and could suggest that CSF t-Tau may impact mechanisms of cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Koch
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Universitá di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Mori F, Ribolsi M, Kusayanagi H, Siracusano A, Mantovani V, Marasco E, Bernardi G, Centonze D. Genetic variants of the NMDA receptor influence cortical excitability and plasticity in humans. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:1637-43. [PMID: 21753020 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00318.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play crucial roles in glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity and are involved in a variety of brain functions. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits have been associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders involving altered glutamate transmission, but how these polymorphisms impact on synaptic function in humans is unknown. Here, the role of NMDA receptors in the control of cortical excitability and plasticity was explored by comparing the response to single, paired, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations of the motor cortex in 77 healthy subjects carrying specific allelic variants of the NR1 subunit gene (GRIN1 rs4880213 and rs6293) or of the NR2B subunit gene (GRIN2B rs7301328, rs3764028, and rs1805247). Our results showed that individuals homozygous for the T allele in the rs4880213 GRIN1 SNP had reduced intracortical inhibition, as expected for enhanced glutamatergic excitation in these subjects. Furthermore, individuals carrying the G allele in the rs1805247 GRIN2B SNP show greater intracortical facilitation and greater long-term potentiation-like cortical plasticity after intermittent -burst stimulation. Our results provide novel insights into the function of NMDA receptors in the human brain and might contribute to the clarification of the synaptic bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders associated with defective glutamate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Rossi S, Mancino R, Bergami A, Mori F, Castelli M, De Chiara V, Studer V, Mataluni G, Sancesario G, Parisi V, Kusayanagi H, Bernardi G, Nucci C, Bernardini S, Martino G, Furlan R, Centonze D. Potential role of IL-13 in neuroprotection and cortical excitability regulation in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17:1301-12. [PMID: 21677024 DOI: 10.1177/1352458511410342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation triggers secondary neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES It is unclear whether classical anti-inflammatory cytokines have the potential to interfere with synaptic transmission and neuronal survival in MS. METHODS Correlation analyses between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contents of anti-inflammatory cytokines and molecular, imaging, clinical, and neurophysiological measures of neuronal alterations were performed. RESULTS Our data suggest that interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a neuroprotective role in MS brains. We found, in fact, that the levels of IL-13 in the CSF of MS patients were correlated with the contents of amyloid-β(1-42). Correlations were also found between IL-13 and imaging indexes of axonal and neuronal integrity, such as the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and the macular volume evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Furthermore, the levels of IL-13 were related to better performance in the low-contrast acuity test and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite scoring. Finally, by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation, we have shown that GABAA-mediated cortical inhibition was more pronounced in patients with high IL-13 levels in the CSF, as expected for a neuroprotective, anti-excitotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS The present correlation study provides some evidence for the involvement of IL-13 in the modulation of neuronal integrity and synaptic function in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Mori F, Rossi S, Bergami A, Kusayanagi H, Mancino R, Martino G, Furlan R, Centonze D. P18.4 IL-13, neuroprotection and cortical excitability in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mori F, Ljoka C, Magni E, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Sancesario A, Bernardi G, Koch G, Foti C, Centonze D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation primes the effects of exercise therapy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2011; 258:1281-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-5924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mori F, Rossi S, Sancesario G, Codecà C, Mataluni G, Monteleone F, Buttari F, Kusayanagi H, Castelli M, Motta C, Studer V, Bernardi G, Koch G, Bernardini S, Centonze D. Cognitive and cortical plasticity deficits correlate with altered amyloid-β CSF levels in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:559-68. [PMID: 20944553 PMCID: PMC3055691 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is of frequent observation in multiple sclerosis (MS). It is associated with gray matter pathology, brain atrophy, and altered connectivity, and recent evidence showed that acute inflammation can exacerbate mental deficits independently of the primary functional system involved. In this study, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β(1-42) and τ protein in MS and in clinically isolated syndrome patients, as both proteins have been associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, amyloid-β(1-42) accumulates in the brain as insoluble extracellular plaques, possibly explaining why soluble amyloid-β(1-42) is reduced in the CSF of these patients. In our sample of MS patients, amyloid-β(1-42) levels were significantly lower in patients cognitively impaired (CI) and were inversely correlated with the number of Gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions at the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Positive correlations between amyloid-β(1-42) levels and measures of attention and concentration were also found. Furthermore, abnormal neuroplasticity of the cerebral cortex, explored with θ burst stimulation (TBS), was observed in CI patients, and a positive correlation was found between amyloid-β(1-42) CSF contents and the magnitude of long-term potentiation-like effects induced by TBS. No correlation was conversely found between τ protein concentrations and MRI findings, cognitive parameters, and TBS effects in these patients. Together, our results indicate that in MS, central inflammation is able to alter amyloid-β metabolism by reducing its concentration in the CSF and leading to impairment of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Sancesario
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, UOC Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Codecà
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mataluni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Castelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Studer
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, UOC Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Neurologica, Università Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy, Tel: +39 067 259 6010, Fax: +39 067 259 6006, E-mail:
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Ribolsi M, Mori F, Magni V, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Rubino IA, Siracusano A, Bernardi G, Centonze D, Koch G. Impaired inter-hemispheric facilitatory connectivity in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 122:512-517. [PMID: 20864396 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the inter-hemispheric connections between the dorsal premotor cortex (dPM) and contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) in schizophrenia. METHODS Sixteen medicated, nine unmedicated schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy age-matched subjects were studied by twin-coil Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. To activate distinct facilitatory and inhibitory transcallosal pathways between dPM and the contralateral M1, the intensity of dPM stimulation was adjusted to be either suprathreshold (110% of resting motor threshold) or subthreshold (80% of active motor threshold). Interstimulus intervals between conditioning stimulus and test stimulus were 6, 8 and 15 ms. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients had comparable efficacy of the inhibitory pathway. On the other hand, medicated patients showed less facilitation of contralateral M1 following dPM stimulation at 80% of active motor threshold, at interstimulus interval=8 ms. The individual amount of facilitation induced by dPM conditioning at 80% of active motor threshold at interstimulus interval=8 ms correlated negatively with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Inter-hemispheric facilitatory dPM-M1 connectivity is selectively altered in schizophrenia. SIGNIFICANCE This study produced evidence that dPM-M1 connectivity is dysfunctional and that correlates with negative symptoms. These results converge with previous studies which strongly hypothesize that inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity disturbances may play a major role in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ribolsi
- Clinica Psichiatrica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magni
- Clinica Psichiatrica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Codecà
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Monteleone
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Alex Rubino
- Clinica Psichiatrica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Clinica Psichiatrica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bernardi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Codecà C, Mori F, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Boffa L, Paolillo A, Bernardi G, Koch G, Centonze D. Differential patterns of interhemispheric functional disconnection in mild and advanced multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1308-16. [PMID: 20702503 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510376957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with multiple sclerosis may present altered patterns of connectivity between the two brain hemispheres. To date, only transcallosal connectivity between the two primary motor cortices (M1) has been investigated functionally in patients with multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether connectivity between the dorsal premotor cortex and the contralateral M1 was altered in patients with multiple sclerosis, and to see whether clinical progression is accompanied by exacerbated dorsal premotor cortex-M1 disconnectivity. METHODS A twin-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation approach was used to investigate both excitatory and inhibitory interhemispheric connections between the left dorsal premotor cortex and the contralateral M1 in 18 multiple sclerosis patients without disability, in 18 multiple sclerosis patients with advanced disease and in 12 age-matched healthy subjects. To activate distinct inhibitory and facilitatory transcallosal pathways, the intensity of dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was adjusted to be either suprathreshold (110% of resting motor threshold) or subthreshold (80% of active motor threshold). RESULTS Our sample of patients with multiple sclerosis showed altered patterns of interhemispheric dorsal premotor cortex-M1 functional connectivity even in the absence of clinical deficits. Facilitatory connections originating from dorsal premotor cortex were reduced in multiple sclerosis patients with or without disability, while inhibitory dorsal premotor cortex-M1 connections were altered only in disabled patients. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that functional excitatory connectivity originating from non-primary motor areas is compromised in multiple sclerosis patients even in the absence of clinical disability. Clinical disease progression leads to an impairment of both excitatory and inhibitory transcallosal connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Codecà
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Mori F, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Buttari F, Fiore S, Bernardi G, Koch G, Centonze D. Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Pain 2010; 11:436-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mori F, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Boffa L, Rimano A, Bernardi G, Koch G, Centonze D. Effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2009; 17:295-300. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Martorana A, Mori F, Esposito Z, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Codecà C, Sancesario G, Bernardi G, Koch G. Dopamine modulates cholinergic cortical excitability in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:2323-8. [PMID: 19516251 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients dysfunction of cholinergic neurons is considered a typical hallmark, leading to a rationale for the pharmacological treatment in use based on drugs that enhance acetylcholine neurotransmission. However, besides altered acetylcholine transmission, other neurotransmitter systems are involved in cognitive dysfunction leading to dementia. Among others, dopamine seems to be particularly involved in the regulation of cognitive processes, also having functional relationship with acetylcholine. To test whether cholinergic dysfunction can be modified by dopamine, we used short latency afferent inhibition (SLAI) as a neurophysiological tool. First, we tested the function of the cholinergic system in AD patients and in healthy subjects. Then, we tested whether a single L-dopa challenge was able to interfere with this system in both groups. We observed that SLAI was reduced in AD patients, and preserved in normal subjects. L-dopa administration was able to restore SLAI modification only in AD, having no effect in healthy subjects. We conclude that dopamine can modify SLAI in AD, thus confirming the relationship between acetylcholine and dopamine systems. Moreover, it is suggested that together with cholinergic, dopaminergic system alteration is likely to occur in AD, also. These alterations might be responsible, at least in part, for the progressive cognitive decline observed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Martorana
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
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Mori F, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Koch G, Centonze D. Effect of Sativex® chronic therapy on TBS modulation of motor cortex excitability in MS patients. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Codecà C, Mori F, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, Centonze D, Koch G. iTBS of primary motor cortex improves spasticity in MS patients. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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