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Berrou J, Dupont M, Djamai H, Adicéam E, Parietti V, Kaci A, Clappier E, Cayuela JM, Baruchel A, Paublant F, Prudent R, Ghysdael J, Gardin C, Dombret H, Braun T. Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of LIM Kinases (LIMK) CEL_Amide in Philadelphia-Chromosome Positive ( BCR::ABL+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226761. [PMID: 36431240 PMCID: PMC9692768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ph+ (BCR::ABL+) B-ALL was considered to be high risk, but recent advances in BCR::ABL-targeting TKIs has shown improved outcomes in combination with backbone chemotherapy. Nevertheless, new treatment strategies are needed, including approaches without chemotherapy for elderly patients. LIMK1/2 acts downstream from various signaling pathways, which modifies cytoskeleton dynamics via phosphorylation of cofilin. Upstream of LIMK1/2, ROCK is constitutively activated by BCR::ABL, and upon activation, ROCK leads to the phosphorylation of LIMK1/2, resulting in the inactivation of cofilin by its phosphorylation and subsequently abrogating its apoptosis-promoting activity. Here, we demonstrate the anti-leukemic effects of a novel LIMK1/2 inhibitor (LIMKi) CEL_Amide in vitro and in vivo for BCR::ABL-driven B-ALL. The IC50 value of CEL_Amide was ≤1000 nM in BCR::ABL+ TOM-1 and BV-173 cells and induced dose-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in these cell lines. LIMK1/2 were expressed in BCR::ABL+ cell lines and patient cells and LIMKi treatment decreased LIMK1 protein expression, whereas LIMK2 expression was unaffected. As expected, CEL_Amide exposure caused specific activating downstream dephosphorylation of cofilin in cell lines and primary cells. Combination experiments with CEL_Amide and BCR::ABL TKIs imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib were synergistic for the treatment of both TOM-1 and BV-173 cells. CDKN2Ako/BCR::ABL1+ B-ALL cells were transplanted in mice, which were treated with combinations of CEL_Amide and nilotinib or ponatinib, which significantly prolonged their survival. Altogether, the LIMKi CEL_Amide yields activity in Ph+ ALL models when combined with BCR::ABL-targeting TKIs, showing promising synergy that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hanane Djamai
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Parietti
- INSERM/CNRS, US53/UAR2030, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaci
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Ghysdael
- CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire Bat 110, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris XIII), 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris XIII), 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-1-4895-7051
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Djamai H, Berrou J, Dupont M, Coudé MM, Delord M, Clappier E, Marceau-Renaut A, Kaci A, Raffoux E, Itzykson R, Berthier C, Wu HC, Hleihel R, Bazarbachi A, de Thé H, Baruchel A, Gardin C, Dombret H, Braun T. Biological Effects of BET Inhibition by OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 in NPM1-Mutated (NPM1c) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111704. [PMID: 34829934 PMCID: PMC8615962 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi) including OTX015 (MK-8628) and JQ1 demonstrated antileukemic activity including NPM1c AML cells. Nevertheless, the biological consequences of BETi in NPM1c AML were not fully investigated. Even if of better prognosis AML patients with NPM1c may relapse and treatment remains difficult. Differentiation-based therapy by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with arsenic trioxide (ATO) demonstrated activity in NPM1c AML. We found that BETi, similar to ATO + ATRA, induced differentiation and apoptosis which was TP53 independent in the NPM1c cell line OCI-AML3 and primary cells. Furthermore, BETi induced proteasome-dependent degradation of NPM1c. BETi degraded NPM1c in the cytosol while BRD4 is degraded in the nucleus which suggests that restoration of the NPM1/BRD4 equilibrium in the nucleus of NPM1c cells is essential for the efficacy of BETi. While ATO + ATRA had significant biological activity in NPM1c IMS-M2 cell line, those cells were resistant to BETi. Gene profiling revealed that IMS-M2 cells probably resist to BETi by upregulation of LSC pathways independently of the downregulation of a core BET-responsive transcriptional program. ATO + ATRA downregulated a NPM1c specific HOX gene signature while anti-leukemic effects of BETi appear HOX gene independent. Our preclinical results encourage clinical testing of BETi in NPM1c AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Djamai
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Marie-Magdelaine Coudé
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Marc Delord
- Bioinformatics, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | | | - Anna Kaci
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Raphaël Itzykson
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Caroline Berthier
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 113-6044, Lebanon; (R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 113-6044, Lebanon; (R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM U944—CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (C.B.); (H.-C.W.); (H.d.T.)
| | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; (H.D.); (J.B.); (M.D.); (M.-M.C.); (A.K.); (E.R.); (A.B.); (C.G.); (H.D.)
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-148957072
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Djamai H, Berrou J, Dupont M, Kaci A, Ehlert JE, Weber H, Baruchel A, Paublant F, Prudent R, Gardin C, Dombret H, Braun T. Synergy of FLT3 inhibitors and the small molecule inhibitor of LIM kinase1/2 CEL_Amide in FLT3-ITD mutated Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) cells. Leuk Res 2020; 100:106490. [PMID: 33373830 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with FLT3-ITD mutated (FLT3-ITD+) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), have frequently relapsed or refractory disease and FLT3-ITD+ inhibitors have limited efficacy. Rho kinases (ROCK) are constitutively activated by FLT3-ITD+ in AML via PI3 kinase and Rho GTPase. Upon activation by ROCK, LIM kinases (LIMK) inactivate cofilin by phosphorylation which affects cytoskeleton dynamics, cell growth and apoptosis. LIMK inhibition leads to cofilin activation via dephosphorylation and activated cofilin localizes to mitochondria inducing apoptosis. Thus, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the LIMK1/2 inhibitor CEL_Amide (LIMKi) in FLT3-ITD+ AML. Expression of LIMK1/2 in FLT3-ITD+ cell lines MOLM-13 and MV-4-11 cells could be detected by RT-qPCR and at the protein level. IC50 after LIMKi monotherapy was 440 nM in MOLM-13 cells and 420 nM in MV4-11 cells. Treatment with LIMKi decreased LIMK1 protein levels and repression of inactivating phosphorylation of cofilin in FLT3-ITD+ cells. Combination experiments with LIMKi and FLT3 inhibitors including midostaurin, crenolanib and gilteritinib were synergistic for treatment of MOLM-13 cells while combinations with quizartinib were additive. Combinations of LIMKi and the hypomethylating agent azacitidine or the ROCK inhibitor fasudil were additive. In NOD-SCID mice engrafted with MOLM13-LUC cells, the FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin and LIMKi delayed MOLM13-LUC engraftment as detected by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and the LIMKi and midostaurin combination prolonged significantly survival of leukemic mice. LIMK1/2 inhibition by the small molecule CEL_Amide seems to have promising activity in combination with FLT3 inhibitors in vitro as well as in vivo and may constitute a novel treatment strategy for FLT3-ITD+ AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Djamai
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaci
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Robert Debré (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris and University of Paris), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France; Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France; Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and University of Paris), Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, University of Paris, Paris, France; Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and University Paris XIII), Bobigny, France.
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Kaci A, Adicéam E, De Braekeleer E, Garrido M, Berrou J, Dupont M, Djamai H, Eclache V, André B, Gardin C, Dombret H, Burbridge M, Braun T. Abstract 608: The MPS1 inhibitor S81694 is active in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: AML is a genetically heterogenous disease with poor prognosis and new treatments are needed. MPS1 is the main kinase of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), critical for segregation of chromatids during mitosis. A hallmark of cancer cells is chromosomal instability caused by deregulated cell cycle checkpoints and SAC dysfunction. MPS1 inhibition has been investigated in several solid tumors but not yet in AML. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of the small molecule MPS1 inhibitor (MPS1i) S81694 in AML cell lines, primary cells and mouse models.
Materials and Methods: Cell viability, cell stress and apoptosis were assessed by MTS assays, DiOC2(3) or annexin-V modifications and PI incorporation after exposure to S81694. Cell-cycle and polyploidy were determined by cytofluorometry and FISH. Phosphorylation of MPS1 was detected in synchronized cells by immunofluorescence detecting phosphorylated Thr33/Ser37 residues. Protein modifications were studied by WB. Time-lapse microscopy was used to determine mitosis duration using cells stained with the SiR-DNA live cell probe. Bone marrow cells from patients were obtained after informed consent and incubated on a MSC feeder or in methylcellulose for colony formation assays. All animal studies were performed in accordance with the animal ethics committee's guidelines. NSG mice were sub-lethally-irradiated and injected with AML-NS8 or AML-PS patient derived xenografts. Mice were treated intravenously with S81694 or with vehicle.
Results: IC50 for viability after S81694 exposure alone was <1000nM in a panel of 8 AML cell lines. Three cell lines had IC50 >1000nM: the NPM1cmut cell line OCI-AML3, OCI-AML3-TP53mut and K562. In the most sensitive cell lines, including OCI-AML2, S81694 led to inhibition of MPS1 auto-phosphorylation, induced significant cell stress and apoptosis as detected by mitochondrial membrane potential loss, phosphatidylserine exposure and PI incorporation. In these cell lines, the cell cycle was strongly affected by treatment with S81694 showing aberrant 2n/4n ploidy distribution due to SAC abrogation as well as polyploidy (8n and 16n). S81694 exposure triggered mitotic exit as shown by cyclin B1 downregulation and significantly accelerated mitosis. For treated OCI-AML2 and OCI-AML3 cells we observed induction of gamma-H2AX (ser139), p53 upregulation and downstream caspase-3 and PARP cleavage indicating that S81694 induces p53 dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, MPS1i induced downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCLXL. Finally, for AML patient derived blast cells cells we observed apoptosis after exposure to S81694 and significant reduction of colony number. In two AML PDX models, intravenous administration of S81694 was shown to improve significantly median survival time, as compared to control, by 28 to 41 days and by 33 to 46 days respectively.
Conclusion: The MPS1i S81694 shows significant preclinical activity in vitro and in vivo in AML. Combinations with different drugs active in AML are ongoing.
Citation Format: Anna Kaci, Emilie Adicéam, Etienne De Braekeleer, Marine Garrido, Jeannig Berrou, Mélanie Dupont, Hanane Djamai, Virginie Eclache, Baruchel André, Claude Gardin, Hervé Dombret, Mike Burbridge, Thorsten Braun. The MPS1 inhibitor S81694 is active in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaci
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Garrido
- 3Oncology Translational and Clinical Research, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS), Suresnes, France
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Hanane Djamai
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Virginie Eclache
- 4Laboratoire de biologie, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny, France, Paris, France
| | - Baruchel André
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
| | - Mike Burbridge
- 3Oncology Translational and Clinical Research, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS), Suresnes, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- 1LTL-IRSL ( Institut de Recherche Saint Louis), Paris, France
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Braun T, Berrou J, Djamai H, Dupont M, Kaci A, Ehlert JE, Weber H, Baruchel A, Paublant F, Prudent R, Gardin C, Dombret H. Abstract 341: Synergy of FLT3 inhibitors and a small molecule inhibitor of LIM kinase1/2 in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: LIM kinases 1/2 are downstream effectors of signalization pathways implicated in cytoskeleton dynamics via phosphorylation of Cofilin family proteins,matrix degradation and in activity control of Aurora kinase A. Recently, Rho kinases (ROCK) were identified to be constitutively activated by FLT3-ITD, BCR-ABL and KIT in hematologic malignancies via PI3 kinase and Rho GTPase mediated phosphorylation. Upon its activation by upstream kinases (ROCK and PAK) LIMK1/2 inactivates Cofilin by phosphorylation, leading to enhanced polymerization of Actin. Here we investigated the potential therapeutic role of LIMK1/2 inhibition in FLT3-ITD mutated AML.
Materials and methods: Expression of LIMK1/2 was determined by RQ-PCR and WB. A small molecule inhibitor of LIMK1/2 (LIMKi) was tested alone or in combination with FLT3 inhibitors Midostaurin, Quizartinib and Crenolanib or the hypomethylating agent Azacitidine in FLT3-ITD driven AML cell lines MOLM-13 and MV-4-11. Cell viability and IC50 was assessed by MTT assays. In combination experiments, compounds were added simultaneously and relative cell numbers were determined at 72h with MTT assays and combination index (CI) was calculated with the Chow and Talalay model. Cell-cycle distribution was determined by cytofluorometric analysis detecting nuclear propidium iodide (PI) intercalation. Apoptosis was evaluated in cell lines and patient cells by outer Annexin V exposure and PI incorporation.Cells from healthy donors were obtained after informed consent and enriched for CD34+ cells by immunomagnetic selection and seeded in methylcellulose, FCS and cytokines with or without LIMKi. For in vivo experiments we used a bone marrow engraftment tumor model with MOLM13-LUC cells using bioluminescence imaging in NOD-SCID mice treated either with LIMKi, Midostaurin or LIMKi+Midostaurin.
Results:Expression of LIMK1/2 in MOLM-13 and MV-4-11 cells could be detected by QT-PCR and at the protein level.IC50 after LIMKi exposure was 440 nM in MOLM-13 cells and 420 nM in MV-4-11 cells. Combination experiments with the LIMKi and either the FLT3 inhibitors Midostaurin, Quizartinib, Crenolanib or the hypmethylating agent Azacitidine were synergistic for treatment of MOLM-13 cells. Exposure of MOLM-13 cells to increasing doses of LIMKi induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/S transition and dose dependent apoptosis. No significant toxicity of increasing doses of LIMKi after exposure of CD34+ cells from healthy donors could be detected. In NOD-SCID mice engrafted with MOLM13-LUC cells Midostaurin and LIMKi delayed MOLM13 engraftment as detected by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and LIMKi+Midostaurin prolonged significantly survival of mice as compared to Midostaurin alone.
Conclusion: LIMK1/2 inhibition seems to be promising in combination with various FLT3 inhibitors or Azacitidine in vitro as well as in vivo with Midostaurin.
Citation Format: Thorsten Braun, Jeannig Berrou, Hanane Djamai, Mélanie Dupont, Anna Kaci, Jan Erik Ehlert, Holger Weber, André Baruchel, Fabrice Paublant, Renaud Prudent, Claude Gardin, Hervé Dombret. Synergy of FLT3 inhibitors and a small molecule inhibitor of LIM kinase1/2 in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 341.
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Gillardin PS, Descamps G, Maiga S, Tessoulin B, Djamai H, Lucani B, Chiron D, Moreau P, Le Gouill S, Amiot M, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau-Aubry A. Decitabine and Melphalan Fail to Reactivate p73 in p53 Deficient Myeloma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010040. [PMID: 29295500 PMCID: PMC5795990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: TP53 deficiency remains a major adverse event in Multiple Myeloma (MM) despite therapeutic progresses. As it is not possible to target TP53 deficiency with pharmacological agents, we explored the possibility of activating another p53 family member, p73, which has not been well studied in myeloma. (2) Methods: Using human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) with normal or abnormal TP53 status, we assessed TP73 methylation and expression. (3) Results: Using microarray data, we reported that TP73 is weakly expressed in 47 HMCLs and mostly in TP53 wild type (TP53wt) HMCLs (p = 0.0029). Q-RT-PCR assays showed that TP73 was expressed in 57% of TP53wt HMCLs (4 out of 7) and 11% of TP53 abnormal (TP53abn) HMCLs (2 out of 18) (p = 0.0463). We showed that TP73 is silenced by methylation in TP53abn HMCLs and that decitabine increased its expression, which, however, remained insufficient for significant protein expression. Alkylating drugs increased expression of TP73 only in TP53wt HMCLs but failed to synergize with decitabine in TP53abn HMCLs. (4) Conclusions: Decitabine and melphalan does not appear as a promising combination for inducing p73 and bypassing p53 deficiency in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Sophie Maiga
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Benoit Tessoulin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Hanane Djamai
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Benedetta Lucani
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - David Chiron
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Steven Le Gouill
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Martine Amiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Agnès Moreau-Aubry
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
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