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Ohm H, Åstrand J, Ceplitis A, Bengtsson D, Hammenhag C, Chawade A, Grimberg Å. Novel SNP markers for flowering and seed quality traits in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.): characterization and GWAS of a diversity panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348014. [PMID: 38510437 PMCID: PMC10950902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown in diverse climates worldwide. It has a high potential for increased cultivation to meet the need for more plant-based proteins in human diets, a prerequisite for a more sustainable food production system. Characterization of diversity panels of crops can identify variation in and genetic markers for target traits of interest for plant breeding. In this work, we collected a diversity panel of 220 accessions of faba bean from around the world consisting of gene bank material and commercially available cultivars. The aims of this study were to quantify the phenotypic diversity in target traits to analyze the impact of breeding on these traits, and to identify genetic markers associated with traits through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Characterization under field conditions at Nordic latitude across two years revealed a large genotypic variation and high broad-sense heritability for eleven agronomic and seed quality traits. Pairwise correlations showed that seed yield was positively correlated to plant height, number of seeds per plant, and days to maturity. Further, susceptibility to bean weevil damage was significantly higher for early flowering accessions and accessions with larger seeds. In this study, no yield penalty was found for higher seed protein content, but protein content was negatively correlated to starch content. Our results showed that while breeding advances in faba bean germplasm have resulted in increased yields and number of seeds per plant, they have also led to a selection pressure towards delayed onset of flowering and maturity. DArTseq genotyping identified 6,606 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by alignment to the faba bean reference genome. These SNPs were used in a GWAS, revealing 51 novel SNP markers significantly associated with ten of the assessed traits. Three markers for days to flowering were found in predicted genes encoding proteins for which homologs in other plant species regulate flowering. Altogether, this work enriches the growing pool of phenotypic and genotypic data on faba bean as a valuable resource for developing efficient breeding strategies to expand crop cultivation.
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Ohm H, Saripella GV, Hofvander P, Grimberg Å. Spatio-temporal transcriptome and storage compound profiles of developing faba bean ( Vicia faba) seed tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1284997. [PMID: 38379954 PMCID: PMC10877042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a legume grown in diverse climate zones with a high potential for increased cultivation and use in food due to its nutritional seeds. In this study, we characterized seed tissue development in faba bean to identify key developmental processes; from embryo expansion at the expense of the endosperm to the maturing storage stages of the bean seed. A spatio-temporal transcriptome profiling analysis, combined with chemical nutrient analysis of protein, starch, and lipid, of endosperm and embryo tissues at different developmental stages, revealed gene expression patterns, transcriptional networks, and biochemical pathways in faba bean. We identified key players in the LAFL (LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) transcription factor network as well as their major repressors VAL1 and ASIL1. Our results showed that proteins accumulated not only in the embryo but also in the endosperm. Starch accumulated throughout seed development and oil content increased during seed development but at very low levels. The patterns of differentially expressed transcripts encoding proteins with functions in the corresponding metabolic pathways for the synthesis of these storage compounds, to a high extent, aligned with these findings. However, the early expression of transcripts encoding WRI1 combined with the late expression of oil body proteins indicated a not manifested high potential for lipid biosynthesis and oil storage. Altogether, this study contributes to increased knowledge regarding seed developmental processes applicable to future breeding methods and seed quality improvement for faba bean.
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Adlarson P, Augustyniak W, Bardan W, Bashkanov M, Bergmann FS, Berłowski M, Bondar A, Büscher M, Calén H, Ciepał I, Clement H, Czerwiński E, Demmich K, Engels R, Erven A, Erven W, Eyrich W, Fedorets P, Föhl K, Fransson K, Goldenbaum F, Goswami A, Grigoryev K, Heijkenskjöld L, Hejny V, Hüsken N, Jarczyk L, Johansson T, Kamys B, Kemmerling G, Khoukaz A, Khreptak O, Kirillov DA, Kistryn S, Kleines H, Kłos B, Krzemień W, Kulessa P, Kupść A, Lalwani K, Lersch D, Lorentz B, Magiera A, Maier R, Marciniewski P, Mariański B, Morsch HP, Moskal P, Ohm H, Parol W, Perez Del Rio E, Piskunov NM, Prasuhn D, Pszczel D, Pysz K, Ritman J, Roy A, Rudy Z, Rundel O, Sawant S, Schadmand S, Schätti-Ozerianska I, Sefzick T, Serdyuk V, Shwartz B, Skorodko T, Skurzok M, Smyrski J, Sopov V, Stassen R, Stepaniak J, Stephan E, Sterzenbach G, Stockhorst H, Ströher H, Szczurek A, Trzciński A, Wolke M, Wrońska A, Wüstner P, Yamamoto A, Zabierowski J, Zieliński MJ, Złomańczuk J, Żuprański P, Żurek M. Isotensor Dibaryon in the pp→ppπ^{+}π^{-} Reaction? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:052001. [PMID: 30118290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive measurements of the quasifree pp→ppπ^{+}π^{-} reaction have been carried out at WASA@COSY by means of pd collisions at T_{p}=1.2 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been extracted covering the energy region T_{p}=1.08-1.36 GeV, which is the region of N^{*}(1440) and Δ(1232)Δ(1232) resonance excitations. Calculations describing these excitations by t-channel meson exchange are at variance with the measured differential cross sections and underpredict substantially the experimental total cross section. An isotensor ΔN dibaryon resonance with I(J^{P})=2(1^{+}) produced associatedly with a pion is able to overcome these deficiencies.
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Adlarson P, Augustyniak W, Bardan W, Bashkanov M, Bass SD, Bergmann FS, Berłowski M, Bondar A, Büscher M, Calén H, Ciepał I, Clement H, Czerwiński E, Demmich K, Engels R, Erven A, Erven W, Eyrich W, Fedorets P, Föhl K, Fransson K, Goldenbaum F, Goswami A, Grigoryev K, Gullström CO, Heijkenskjöld L, Hejny V, Hüsken N, Jarczyk L, Johansson T, Kamys B, Kemmerling G, Khatri G, Khoukaz A, Khreptak O, Kirillov DA, Kistryn S, Kleines H, Kłos B, Krzemień W, Kulessa P, Kupść A, Kuzmin A, Lalwani K, Lersch D, Lorentz B, Magiera A, Maier R, Marciniewski P, Mariański B, Morsch HP, Moskal P, Ohm H, Parol W, Perez Del Rio E, Piskunov NM, Prasuhn D, Pszczel D, Pysz K, Pyszniak A, Ritman J, Roy A, Rudy Z, Rundel O, Sawant S, Schadmand S, Schätti-Ozerianska I, Sefzick T, Serdyuk V, Shwartz B, Sitterberg K, Skorodko T, Skurzok M, Smyrski J, Sopov V, Stassen R, Stepaniak J, Stephan E, Sterzenbach G, Stockhorst H, Ströher H, Szczurek A, Trzciński A, Wolke M, Wrońska A, Wüstner P, Yamamoto A, Zabierowski J, Zieliński MJ, Złomańczuk J, Żuprański P, Żurek M. Spin Dependence of η Meson Production in Proton-Proton Collisions Close to Threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:022002. [PMID: 29376676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the high acceptance and axial symmetry of the WASA-at-COSY detector, and the high polarization degree of the proton beam of COSY, the reaction p[over →]p→ppη has been measured close to threshold to explore the analyzing power A_{y}. The angular distribution of A_{y} is determined with the precision improved by more than 1 order of magnitude with respect to previous results, allowing a first accurate comparison with theoretical predictions. The determined analyzing power is consistent with zero for an excess energy of Q=15 MeV, signaling s-wave production with no evidence for higher partial waves. At Q=72 MeV the data reveal strong interference of Ps and Pp partial waves and cancellation of (Pp)^{2} and Ss^{*}Sd contributions. These results rule out the presently available theoretical predictions for the production mechanism of the η meson.
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Galante-Gottschalk A, Pott S, Fischer C, Erb J, Ohm H, Reichhardt G, Ehehalt S, Spatz S, Tropp H. Integrierte Gesundheits- und Sozialberichterstattung Das Sozialmonitoring der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Galante-Gottschalk A, Fassnacht N, Fischer C, Erb J, Ohm H, Ehehalt S, Tropp H. Kleinräumigkeit versus Datenschutz: Wie können wir in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung beidem gerecht werden? DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bragadireanu M, Pietreanu D, Vasile M, Idzik M, Przyborowski D, Kulessa P, Pysz K, Biernat J, Jowzaee S, Korcyl G, Pałka M, Salabura P, Smyrski J, Bettoni D, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Savriè M, Gianotti P, Lucherini V, Pace E, Mertens M, Ohm H, Orfanitski S, Ritman J, Serdyuk V, Wintz P, Dobbs S, Tomaradze A, Boca G, Costanza S, Genova P, Lavezzi L, Montagna P, Rotondi A, Spataro S. Tracking with Straw Tubes in the PANDA Experiment. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146611007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sharma H, Ohm H, Goulart L, Lister R, Appels R, Benlhabib O. Introgression and characterization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium into wheat. Genome 2012; 38:406-13. [PMID: 18470179 DOI: 10.1139/g95-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wheatgrasses (species of Agropyron complex) have previously been reported to be resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). To introgress this resistance into wheat, Triticum aestivum x Thinopyrum (Agropyron) intermedium hybrids were advanced through a backcrossing program and reaction to BYDV, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is reported for the first time in backcross populations of wide hybrids between wheat and wheatgrasses. ELISA values revealed highly resistant to highly susceptible segregants in backcrosses. BYDV resistance was expressed in some backcross derivatives. Continued selection, based on cytology and ELISA in each generation, eliminated most of the unwanted wheatgrass chromosomes and produced self-fertile BYDV resistant wheat lines. The BYDV resistant lines with 2n = 42 had normal chromosome pairing similar to wheat, and their F1 hybrids with wheat had two univalents. DNA analyses showed that the source of alien chromatin in these BYDV resistant wheat lines is distinguishable from that in other Th. intermedium derived BYDV resistant wheat lines. Chromosome pairing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses indicated that the 42 chromosome resistant Purdue wheat lines are substitution lines in which chromosome 7D was replaced by a chromosome from Th. intermedium that was carrying gene(s) for BYDV resistance.
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Goslawski P, Khoukaz A, Barsov S, Burmeister I, Chiladze D, Dymov S, Gebel R, Hartmann M, Kacharava A, Kulessa P, Lehrach A, Lorentz B, Maier R, Mersmann T, Mielke M, Mikirtychiants S, Ohm H, Papenbrock M, Prasuhn D, Rausmann T, Serdyuk V, Stockhorst H, Ströher H, Täschner A, Valdau Y, Wilkin C. New determination of the mass of theηmeson at COSY-ANKE. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.85.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Francki MG, Shankar M, Walker E, Loughman R, Golzar H, Ohm H. New quantitative trait loci in wheat for flag leaf resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:1278-84. [PMID: 21770777 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-11-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is a significant disease in some wheat-growing regions of the world. Resistance in wheat to Stagonospora nodorum is complex, whereby genes for seedling, flag leaf, and glume resistance are independent. The aims of this study were to identify alternative genes for flag leaf resistance, to compare and contrast with known quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SNB resistance, and to determine the potential role of host-specific toxins for SNB QTL. Novel QTL for flag leaf resistance were identified on chromosome 2AS inherited from winter wheat parent 'P92201D5' and chromosome 1BS from spring wheat parent 'EGA Blanco'. The chromosomal map position of markers associated with QTL on 1BS and 2AS indicated that they were unlikely to be associated with known host-toxin insensitivity loci. A QTL on chromosome 5BL inherited from EGA Blanco had highly significant association with markers fcp001 and fcp620 based on disease evaluation in 2007 and, therefore, is likely to be associated with Tsn1-ToxA insensitivity for flag leaf resistance. However, fcp001 and fcp620 were not associated with a QTL detected based on disease evaluation in 2008, indicating two linked QTL for flag leaf resistance with multiple genes residing on 5BL. This study identified novel QTL and their effects in controlling flag leaf SNB resistance.
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Adlarson P, Adolph C, Augustyniak W, Baru V, Bashkanov M, Bednarski T, Bergmann FS, Berłowski M, Bhatt H, Brinkmann KT, Büscher M, Calén H, Clement H, Coderre D, Czerwiński E, Doroshkevich E, Ekström C, Engels R, Erven W, Eyrich W, Fedorets P, Föhl K, Fransson K, Goldenbaum F, Goslawski P, Grigoryev K, Grishina V, Gullström CO, Hampe J, Hanhart C, Heijkenskjöld L, Hejny V, Hinterberger F, Hodana M, Höistad B, Jacewicz M, Janusz M, Jany A, Jany BR, Jarczyk L, Johansson T, Kamys B, Kemmerling G, Khakimova O, Khoukaz A, Kistryn S, Klaja J, Kleines H, Kłos B, Kren F, Krzemień W, Kulessa P, Kullander S, Kupść A, Lalwani K, Lorentz B, Magiera A, Maier R, Marciniewski P, Mariański B, Mikirtychiants M, Moskal P, Morsch HP, Nandi BK, Niedźwiecki S, Ohm H, Passfeld A, Pauly C, del Rio EP, Petukhov Y, Piskunov N, Pluciński P, Podkopał P, Povtoreyko A, Prasuhn D, Pricking A, Pysz K, Rausmann T, Redmer CF, Ritman J, Roy A, Ruber RJMY, Rudy Z, Sawant S, Schadmand S, Schmidt A, Schroeder W, Sefzick T, Serdyuk V, Shah N, Siemaszko M, Siudak R, Skorodko T, Skurzok M, Smyrski J, Sopov V, Stassen R, Stepaniak J, Sterzenbach G, Stockhorst H, Ströher H, Szczurek A, Täschner A, Tolba T, Trzciński A, Varma R, Vlasov P, Wagner GJ, Węglorz W, Winnemöller A, Wirzba A, Wolke M, Wrońska A, Wüstner P, Wurm P, Yuan X, Yurev L, Zabierowski J, Zheng C, Zieliński MJ, Zipper W, Złomańczuk J, Zuprański P. Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect in basic double-pionic fusion: a new resonance? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:242302. [PMID: 21770567 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.242302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on an exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurement of the basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn→dπ(0)π(0) over the full energy region of the ABC effect, a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the ππ-invariant mass spectrum. The measurements, which cover also the transition region to the conventional t-channel ΔΔ process, were performed with the upgraded WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal the Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect to be uniquely correlated with a Lorentzian energy dependence in the integral cross section. The observables are consistent with a narrow resonance with m=2.37 GeV, Γ≈70 MeV and I(J(P))=0(3(+)) in both pn and ΔΔ systems. Necessary further tests of the resonance interpretation are discussed.
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Ayala-Navarrete L, Thompson N, Ohm H, Anderson J. Molecular markers show a complex mosaic pattern of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocations carrying resistance to YDV. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:961-970. [PMID: 20526575 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thinopyrum intermedium translocations derived from the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) substitution line P-29 were previously characterized by RFLP. We have further analyzed these lines and additional related germplasm with publicly available STS and SSRs. Primers which showed a polymorphism between wheat and P-29, were tested in all recombinant and nulli-tetrasomic lines confirming their position on chromosome 7D. The resulting 7D/7E chromosome maps appeared as a mosaic of wheat and Th. intermedium chromatin sections. To verify the composition of the translocation lines suggested by the RFLP-PCR map, F(2) progeny of two crosses (CS/216-1 and CS/260-1) were analyzed with molecular markers. Both populations gave an unexpectedly diverse number of recombinant individuals, suggesting that interstitial translocations occur more frequently than previously thought. This analysis also showed that there is a wide range in the number and position of the interstitial translocations within a given line such as the mosaic chromosome in recombinant line 260-1/CS-26, which has four Th. intermedium chromosome segments. Phenotypic data of the two populations suggested the presence of one gene which we have called Bdv3 to differentiate it from the previously reported orthologous gene Bdv2. Using the PCR-based molecular markers identified in this study, 5 out of 12 elite lines that showed good yields and no YDV symptoms contained Th. intermedium chromatin. Due to the multiple components involved in the YDV disease complex, combining selection for YDV resistance with the molecular markers and maps identified in this study will increase the efficiency of introgressing Th. intermedium chromatin containing YDV resistance or other beneficial traits into elite wheat germplasm.
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Dymov S, Hartmann M, Kacharava A, Khoukaz A, Komarov V, Kulessa P, Kulikov A, Kurbatov V, Macharashvili G, Merzliakov S, Mielke M, Mikirtychiants S, Nekipelov M, Nioradze M, Ohm H, Rathmann F, Ströher H, Tsirkov D, Uzikov Y, Valdau Y, Wilkin C, Yaschenko S, Zalikhanov B. Observation of an "ABC" Effect in proton-proton collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:192301. [PMID: 19518946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cross section for inclusive multipion production in the pp-->ppX reaction was measured at COSY-ANKE at four beam energies, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 GeV, for low excitation energy in the final pp system, such that the diproton quasiparticle is in the 1S0 state. At the three higher energies, the missing-mass M_{X} spectra show a strong enhancement at low M_{X}, corresponding to an Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect that moves steadily to larger values as the energy is increased. Despite the missing-mass structure looking very different at 0.8 GeV, the variation with M_{X} and beam energy are consistent with two-pion production being mediated through the excitation of two Delta(1232) isobars, coupled to S and D states of the initial pp system. There is no sign of any resonancelike structure in the energy dependence of the type recently observed for the pn-->dpi;{0}pi;{0} total cross section.
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Mersmann T, Khoukaz A, Büscher M, Chiladze D, Dymov S, Hartmann M, Hejny V, Kacharava A, Keshelashvili I, Kulessa P, Maeda Y, Mielke M, Mikirtychiants S, Ohm H, Papenbrock M, Prasuhn D, Rathmann F, Rausmann T, Schleichert R, Serdyuk V, Stein HJ, Ströher H, Täschner A, Valdau Y, Wilkin C, Wrońska A. Precision study of the eta3He system using the dp--> 3Heeta reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:242301. [PMID: 17677956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The differential and total cross sections for the dp--> 3Heeta reaction have been measured in a high precision high statistics COSY-ANKE experiment near threshold using a continuous beam energy ramp up to an excess energy Q of 11.3 MeV with essentially 100% acceptance. The kinematics allowed the mean value of Q to be determined to about 9 keV. Evidence is found for the effects of higher partial waves for Q >or= 4 MeV. The very rapid rise of the total cross section to its maximum value within 0.5 MeV of threshold implies a very large eta3He scattering length and hence the presence of a quasibound state extremely close to threshold.
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Maeda Y, Hartmann M, Keshelashvili I, Barsov S, Büscher M, Dzyuba A, Dymov S, Hejny V, Kacharava A, Kleber V, Koch HR, Koptev V, Kulessa P, Mersmann T, Mikirtytchiants S, Mussgiller A, Nekipelov M, Ohm H, Schleichert R, Stein HJ, Ströher H, Valdau Y, Watzlawik KH, Wilkin C, Wüstner P. Precision measurement of the quasifree pn-->dvarphi reaction close to threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:142301. [PMID: 17155243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The quasifree pn-->dvarphi reaction has been studied at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich, using the internal proton beam incident on a deuterium cluster-jet target and detecting a fast deuteron in coincidence with the K+K- decay of the varphi meson. The energy dependence of the total and differential cross sections are extracted for excess energies up to 80 MeV by determining the Fermi momentum of the target neutron on an event-by-event basis. Though these cross sections are consistent with s-wave production, the kaon angular distributions show the presence of p waves at quite a low energy. Production on the neutron is found to be stronger than on the proton but not by as much as for the eta meson.
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Hartmann M, Maeda Y, Keshelashvili I, Koch HR, Mikirtytchiants S, Barsov S, Borgs W, Büscher M, Dimitrov VI, Dymov S, Hejny V, Kleber V, Koptev V, Kulessa P, Mersmann T, Merzliakov S, Mussgiller A, Nekipelov M, Nioradze M, Ohm H, Pysz K, Schleichert R, Stein HJ, Ströher H, Watzlawik KH, Wüstner P. Near-threshold production of phi mesons in pp collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:242301. [PMID: 16907232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pp-->ppphi reaction has been studied at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich, using the internal beam and ANKE facility. Total cross sections have been determined at three excess energies epsilon near the production threshold. The differential cross section closest to threshold at epsilon=18.5 MeV exhibits a clear S wave dominance as well as a noticeable effect due to the proton-proton final-state interaction. Taken together with data for ppomega production, a significant enhancement of the phi/omega ratio of a factor 8 is found compared to predictions based on the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule.
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Gilsinger J, Kong L, Shen X, Ohm H. DNA markers associated with low Fusarium head blight incidence and narrow flower opening in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:1218-25. [PMID: 15750825 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-1953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is an important fungal disease in many wheat-growing areas of the world. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between width and duration of flower opening and incidence of FHB in wheat, and to identify DNA markers associated with narrow flower opening and low FHB incidence. It was hypothesized that wheat lines whose flowers open briefly and narrowly have a reduced risk of infection. To test the hypothesis, we crossed wheat cultivars Patterson and Goldfield to generate a population of 100 random F(2)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Florets of Patterson open wide; florets of Goldfield tend to stay closed. The population of RILs was characterized for FHB incidence and flower opening width (FOW) and duration in the F(7:9) and F(7:10) generations. Of the 305 simple sequence repeat primer pairs screened on the parents, 79 amplified polymorphic DNA bands. Pooled DNA from each of the two bulks was tested with these 79 SSR primer pairs. Four markers were found to have significant marker-trait association with low FHB incidence and narrow flower opening. The major QTL effect associated with narrow flower opening and low FHB incidence was found between the map interval Xbarc200-Xgwm210, explaining 29% of the phenotypic variation for FHB incidence averaged over six replicated tests in Indiana in 2002 and 2003. This adds credence to the hypothesis that narrow flower opening is responsible for low FHB incidence in this population. Breeding wheat lines for both morphological avoidance, such as narrow flower opening, and physiological resistance to FHB may be valuable in future breeding research to reduce crop production and grain quality losses in wheat due to FHB.
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Yaschenko S, Dymov S, Kacharava A, Komarov V, Macharashvili G, Rathmann F, Barsov S, Gebel R, Hartmann M, Khoukaz A, Kulessa P, Kulikov A, Kurbatov V, Lang N, Lehmann I, Lorentz B, Mersmann T, Merzliakov S, Mikirtytchiants S, Mussgiller A, Nioradze M, Ohm H, Prasuhn D, Schleichert R, Seyfarth H, Steffens E, Stein HJ, Ströher H, Uzikov Y, Zalikhanov B, Zhuravlev N. Measurement of the analyzing power in p-->d-->(p p)n with a fast forward 1S0 proton pair. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:072304. [PMID: 15783808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.072304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of the analyzing power A(y) of the p-->d--> (p p) + n reaction was carried out at the ANKE spectrometer at COSY at beam energies of 0.5 and 0.8 GeV by detection of a fast forward proton pair of small excitation energy E(pp) < 3 MeV. The S-wave dominance in the fast diproton is experimentally demonstrated in this reaction. While at T(p) = 0.8 GeV the measured analyzing power almost vanishes, it rises to nearly unity at T(p) = 0.5 GeV for neutrons emitted at theta(c.m.)(n) = 167 degrees. The results are compared with a model taking into account one-nucleon exchange, single scattering, and Delta(1232) excitation in the intermediate state. The model describes fairly well the unpolarized cross section obtained earlier and the analyzing power at 0.8 GeV; it fails to reproduce A(y) at 0.5 GeV.
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Kleber V, Büscher M, Chernyshev V, Dymov S, Fedorets P, Grishina V, Hanhart C, Hartmann M, Hejny V, Khoukaz A, Koch HR, Komarov V, Kondratyuk L, Koptev V, Lang N, Merzliakov S, Mikirtychiants S, Nekipelov M, Ohm H, Petrus A, Prasuhn D, Schleichert R, Sibirtsev A, Stein HJ, Ströher H, Watzlawik KH, Wüstner P, Yaschenko S, Zalikhanov B, Zychor I. a+0 (980)-resonance production in pp-->dK+K-0 reactions close to threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:172304. [PMID: 14611338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.172304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The reaction pp-->dK+K(-)0 has been investigated at an excess energy of Q=46 MeV above the K+K(-)0 threshold with ANKE at the cooler synchrotron COSY-Jülich. From the detected coincident dK(+) pairs, about 1000 events with a missing K(-)0 were identified, corresponding to a total cross section of sigma(pp-->dK+K(-)0)=[38+/-2(stat)+/-14(syst)] nb. Invariant-mass and angular distributions have been jointly analyzed and reveal s-wave dominance between the two kaons, accompanied by a p wave between the deuteron and the kaon system. This is interpreted in terms of a(+)0 (980)-resonance production.
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Shen X, Zhou M, Lu W, Ohm H. Detection of Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in a wheat population using bulked segregant analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 106:1041-1047. [PMID: 12671752 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Accepted: 08/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A population of 218 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, 'Ning 894037' and 'Alondra'. Ning 894037 has resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Alondra is moderately susceptible. Response of the RILs and their parental lines to FHB infection was evaluated with point inoculation in four experiments both in greenhouse and in field conditions. Distribution of disease severity in the population is continuous, indicating quantitative inheritance of resistance to FHB. Bulked segregant analysis and QTL mapping based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed three chromosome regions that are responsible for FHB resistance. A chromosome region on 3BS accounted for 42.5% of the phenotypic variation for FHB resistance. Additional QTLs were located on chromosomes 2D and 6B. These three QTLs jointly accounted for 51.6% of the phenotypic variation. SSR markers linked to the QTLs influencing resistance to FHB have potential for use in breeding programs.
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Dweikat I, Zhang W, Ohm H. Development of STS markers linked to Hessian fly resistance gene H6 in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2002; 105:766-770. [PMID: 12582491 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2001] [Accepted: 01/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hessian fly is one of the world's most destructive insect pests of wheat Triticum aestivum L. We have used the combination of near-isogenic lines (NIL) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to screen up to 2,000 primers to identify DNA markers that are linked to gene H6 that confers resistance to biotype B of the insect. This screen produced six primers that show polymorphic fragments associated with resistance by H6. We have screened 440 F(2) individuals from a cross of the susceptible cultivar Newton and a NIL that contains H6 to verify the linkage between these markers and the resistance gene. A high-resolution genetic map was constructed based on recombination frequency. Two of the markers were tightly linked to the gene with no recombination observed, three were within 2.0 cM, and one was 11 cM from the gene. Three of the six markers were successfully converted to sequence tagged site (STS) markers. Both RAPD and STS primers were used to screen for the presence or absence of the resistance gene in wheat varieties. The identification of markers and construction of the genetic high resolution map provide the first steps toward localization of this resistance gene.
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Perry KL, Kolb FL, Sammons B, Lawson C, Cisar G, Ohm H. Yield Effects of Barley yellow dwarf virus in Soft Red Winter Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2000; 90:1043-1048. [PMID: 18944532 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2000.90.9.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Three cultivars of soft red winter wheat were evaluated to determine the relationship between the incidence and time of infection by Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and yield. Wheat was planted in 1995, 1996, and 1997 in a split-plot design with six replicates at sites in Indiana and Illinois. Yield plots were infested with different amounts of viruliferous aphids, and the incidence of BYDV in each plot was measured. In a 2-year study in Illinois with cv. Clark and the PAV-IL isolate of BYDV, yields were assessed following aphid infestation in fall, early spring, and late spring. Early spring infections resulted in larger yield reductions than late spring infections in both years and larger than fall infections in one year. Regression analyses to relate incidence of infection and yield with data from fall and early spring infections provided R(2) values of 0.89 and 0.51 for the 1996 to 1997 and 1997 to 1998 seasons, respectively. An additional study at the same site in the 1996 to 1997 season compared the yield responses of cvs. Clark, Y88-3e, and PT8935b. Increases in the incidence of BYDV correlated with decreases in yield, with R(2) values of 0.80, 0.78, and 0.90 for the three cultivars, respectively. Estimated yield losses in both studies and all cultivars ranged from 27 to 45 kg/ha or 0.34 to 0.55% for each percent increase in virus infection. In a third study over a 2-year period in Indiana with the same three wheat genot ypes and a second BYDV isolate (PAV-P), BYDV treatments resulted in significant reductions in yield, but yield loss and the incidence of BYDV were not linearly correlated. Given the differences in yield reductions caused by the two BYDV isolates, PAV-P may be an attenuated strain of BYDV and may cross-protect plants from naturally occurring strains of the virus.
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Sharma H, Francki M, Crasta O, Gyulai G, Bucholtz D, Ohm H, Anderson J, Perry K, Patterson F. Cytological and Molecular Characterization of Wheat Lines with Thinopyrum intermedium Chromosome Additions, Substitutions and Translocations Resistant to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus. CYTOLOGIA 1999. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.64.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lhersonneau G, Gabelmann H, Liang M, Pfeiffer B, Kratz K, Ohm H. Level scheme of 101Zr and structure of the N=61 Sr, Zr, and Mo isotones. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 51:1211-1225. [PMID: 9970170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Dweikat I, Ohm H, Mackenzie S, Patterson F, Cambron S, Ratcliffe R. Association of a DNA marker with Hessian fly resistance gene H9 in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 89:964-968. [PMID: 24178111 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/1994] [Accepted: 07/28/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and genetic resistance has been used effectively over the past 30 years to protect wheat against serious damage by the fly. To-date, 25 Hessian fly resistance genes, designated H1 to H25, have been identified in wheat. With near-isogenic wheat lines differing for the presence of an individual Hessian fly resistance gene, in conjunction with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we have identified a DNA marker associated with the H9 resistance gene. The H9 gene confers resistance against biotype L of the Hessian fly, the most virulent biotype. The RAPD marker cosegregates with resistance in a segregating F2 population, remains associated with H9 resistance in a number of different T. aestivum and T. durum L. genetic backgrounds, and is readily detected by either DGGE or DNA gel-blot hybridization.
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